Blood Banking hematology lectures. pptx

Hematology leactures

1. Blood banking Napata College Medical Laboratory Sciences Program Hematology Department Batch(5)-Semester(4) 2021-2022 Alshaimaa Essameldin

2. Objectives To discuss Blood bank setup and blood components. To Identify the Blood donor selection criteria. How to perform Compatibility testing. Management of Blood transfusion reactions.

3. Blood bank sections Donor registration and selection . Blood collection section. Blood stored and record room. Blood screening section. Compatibility and serology testing section. Hemoaphersis room. Sterilization and washing room . ( These areas should be clean and air conditionedwith adequate light and ventilation .)

4. Reagent equipments All reagent and equipments Should be available. All instrument should calibrated. Reagent must be valid.

5. Types of donor Relative donor. patient identifies or family friends donor. Promoted donor. Voluntary donor. Limited deferral donor. Permanent deferral donor.

6. Criteria for donor selection Healthy appearance . 18-60 years of age . 45 kg of weight. 60-100 of pulse . A febrile . Venipuncture free fro skin lesion. Hb > 12.5 g/ dI for female and 13.5 for male

7. Causes of permanent donor rejection Hepatitis and AIDS. Heart diseases. Chronic disease Diapates . Bleeding tendency. Some drugs such as anticonvulsants and anticoagulant.

8. Limited deferral for a period of time : Deferral for >12 months certain infections . Deferral for 5 years after cessation of symptoms and treatment in some bacterial infection . Deferral for 12 months - vaccination of anti- rabiesafter animal bite. Minor surgery 3 months deferral

9. Other deferral status Antibiotic three days after stoppageAspirin - 3 days after cessation. 4 weeks anti-tetanus, or 2 weeks anti measles and mumps vaccines. H ypertension accepted if BP within normal under treatment. Dental surgery under anesthesia-1month. Cold, cough - defer till symptoms subside

10. Laboratory tests on blood donor& Recipient : Screening for HIV and hepatitis Markers for infection request mandatory screening high sensitivity and high specificity test for the following: HIV, HBS Ag , HBC , Syphilis, and Malaria . Hb level. ABO & Rh (D) typing for both. Ab -screening. X-matching.

11. Anticoagulant preservative solutions : Acid citrate dextrose for 21days. CPD :28 days (Citrate phosphateupper *ATE dextrose)sly colysis . CPDA :35 days. CPD SAGM :42 days .. ( H.W)??. Heparin :6-12 hours . • Mode of action : - Glucose:- for energy production and prolongs the survival of the storage.

12. Blood products Whole blood. Red cell concentrate: defined as packed red cell, with Het 70-75 %. Fresh Frozen Plasma (FFP): Defined as plasma separated within 2-6 hours of blood collection and frozen at -20C or below .) Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP): Separated platelet within 2-6 hours of blood collection , then suspended in 170-250 of plasma.

13. Storage temperature for blood Whole blood stored centigrade in blood refrigerator under monitoring alarm system. Fresh frozen plasma may be stored for up1year if constantlyat-18c°maintained and so cryoprecipitate. Plasma stored in liquid state between 2-6 c °.

14. Quality control of blood storage Refrigerator should be kept with close door avoid frequently opine. maintain uniform of temperature. Storage of blood only. Blood units arranged in upright position with separate areas in between to allow adequate circulation of cold air inside refrigerator .

15. Cross matchingtest , antibody screening and antibody identification

16. X-matching test : Is a serological test done in the blood bank or blood transfusion center to ensure compatibility between the patient blood and donor blood so as to transfuse safely Two t ypes of X-matching : Major X-matching pt.Serum + donor'scell . (Urgent or ordinary ) lesser incubation time . Minor X-matching pt.cells + donor's Serum

17. Antibody screening test: Is an application coombs test of indirect Used to detect the presences of Atypical antibody in the serum by using O Pooled cells. + ve result should be followed by using antibody identification . Also used all serological techniques.

18. Antibody identificatian Antibody identificatian is application of in direct coombs test. Used known10 panels cells with known phenotypes. Read the result by using panel sheet.