Blood clotting and role of calcium

what is blood clotting
what are clotting factors
list of pathways
names of blood clotting factors
calcium and its role in coagulation of blood
calcium as a co-factor during blood clot
aggregation of platelets by calcium]
activation of factors by calcium
role of calcium in activation of co factors
examples

1. WHAT IS BLOOD CLOTTING? Blood clotting or coagulation is an important process that prevents excessive bleeding when a blood vessel is injured.

2. WHAT ARE CLOTTING FACTORS? The clotting factors are the group of chemicals that are constant circulation in the blood or present in tissues of the blood vessels. These compound are responsible for the formation of a blood clot. The are activated by cofactors ( e.g calcium ).

3. List of pathways: There are two pathways: Intrinsic pathway Extrinsic pathway

4. Names of blood clotting factors:

5. CALCIUM AND ITS ROLE IN COAGULATION OF BLOOD

6. CALCIUM ACTS AS A COFACTOR DURING BLOOD CLOTTING

7. Aggregation of platelets by calcium: Activates protein kinase C Activates phospholipase A Modifies glycoprotein Binds to fibrinogen Cross linked with glycoprotein Causes aggregation of platelets

8. A ctivation of factors by calcium Calcium are involved in factors like 2,7,9,10 FACTOR II NAME: prothrombin SOURCE: liver PATHWAY: extrinsic and intrinsic pathway ACTIVATOR: prothrombin activator ACTIONS: prothrombin is converted into thrombin which then activated fibrinogen into fibrin

9. FACTOR VII Name: anti-hemophilic factor Source: endothelium lining blood vessel and platelets Pathway: intrinsic Activator: thrombin Actions: works with factor 8 and CALCIUM to activate factor 9

10. FACTOR X NAME: S tuart factor SOURCE: liver PATHWAY: both ACTIVATOR: factor 6 + factor 8 + factor 7 + calcium ACTIONS: works with the platelets phospholipids to convert prothrombin into thrombin. this reaction is made faster by activated factor 5

11. FACTOR XI NAME: plasma thromboplastin SOURCE: liver PATHWAY: intrinsic ACTIVATOR: factor 11 ACTION: works with calcium to activate factor 8 deficiency: hemophilic c

12. R ole of calcium in the activation of cofactors: Calcium is required for the activation of factors like 2,7,9,10 Calcium are required cofactors for prothrombin activation enzyme complexes to function. This is called tenase and converts prothrombin to thrombin. Calcium mediates the binding of tenase enzyme complexes to the phospholipid surfaces expressed by platelets, which in turn activates prothrombin to produce thrombin which produces fibrin to fibrinogen. Calcium acts as a catalyst for this reaction Calcium speeds up the reaction to occur within time factors involved in the coagulation Calcium is involved to synthesize anticoagulant protein C

13. EXAMPLE

14. STARTING WITH THE MINOR INJURY

15. WHEN BLOOD VESSEL GOT DAMAGED

16. BLOOD CELLS ESCAPE FROM THE WOUND

17. BLOOD CELLS CARRIES OXYGEN

18. PLATELETS COMES FROM WHITE BLOOD CELLS

19. CLOTTING FACTOR HELPS TO CLOT

20. PLATELET ADHERE TO THE SURFACE

21. PLATELET PLUG STOPS THE EXTERNAL BLEEDING

22. BEGINNING OF CLOTTING PROCESS

23. CLOTTING FACTOR ACTIVITY INCREASES

24. FIBRIN ATTACH AND SEALS THE WOUND

25. BLOOD VESSEL SEALS AFTER SEVERAL DAYS

26. calcium deficiencies: Inhibit proper blood coagulation. This may be caused by a nutritional deficiencies Acute problems in which the calcium is allocated elsewhere in the blood