BNR15002 Creativity And Innovation Chapter 4

Creativity and Innovation Chapter 4 Engineering Design Methods: Strategies for Product Design

1. Engineering Design Methods:
Strategies for Product Design
Creativity and Innovation
(BNR 15002)

2. Design process
Starts with a problem and ends with a
solution, but the middle steps can vary.

3. When we deal with the
PROBLEM…
"The question is more important than
the answer" –Edward Deming
“No matter how clever we are at
coming up with solutions to problems, if
we are working on the wrong problems
in the first place we are wasting our
time”.

4. When we deal with the
PROBLEM…

5. Engineering design process by ITEA
Standards for technological literacy

6. Engineering design process by the
university for creative careers, US
6`

7. Engineering design process by education
design center

8. Design process by Ministry of Education,
Sports & Culture, Samoa

9. Engineering research
design proces

10. Types of Problem
Research
process by
product
design

11. 1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM

12. Identify the problem…
12

13. The main problem is…
How to solve the problem?
13

14. Problem
environmentmethod/procedures
people equipment
Cause and effect diagram / fishbone diagram / Ishikawa
diagram
Brainstorm all possible sources
of problem

15. Gather data to identify the main causes

16. Data is not always numbers!!

17. ‘Check Sheet’ can be used to
summarize the data

18. Pareto Chart can be used to
effectively present the data

19. ii. Researching and generating ideas
(Collect information)

22. Comparative studies on market
potential

23. Do some market survey

24. Example (durian
peeler/opener) of
the information
collection review
and compared
from the point of
weakness,
advantages,
material, price,
design
technology and
so on
24

25. iii.Develop possible solutions
Most problems
have more than one
possible solution

26. Example of transformation Taiwan
cultural product design process

27. Step 1 –Problems / issues

28. Step 2 –Design process

29. Step 3 –Prototype
29

30. iv.Identifying criteria and specifying
constraints by selecting a solution
clear list of the criteria, or
requirements, when selecting a
solution.
determine the level of challenge and
risk for the project
Documenting and setting the
constraints occurs

31. QUESTIONS
What is the schedule for the project?
What is the budget?
Can the team use power tools or will it be
restricted to using only hand tools?
Can the team use fasteners of any type or is
there a restriction to use only hot glue?
Can the team seek outside help or is this a
student-only project?

32. What should you consider when selecting
a solution?
the criteria and constraints set down
when defining the problem
evaluated in terms of its advantages and
disadvantages
assess each possible solution and consider
risks, understand trade-offs, and then
determine the best action to take

33. After you have selected a design idea,
you will need to create a detailed
"final" sketch or drawing of the
design
Dimensions
annotations for connections
materials
general notes

34. Illustrate how this machine works and finishing
material used

35. v.Exploring possibilities
How can you best meet all of the criteria while
staying within your constraints?
Technologies
Materials
Designs
Fabrication processes
How much information needs to be gathered in
the explore phase?
What criteria, or sets of criteria, are particularly
troublesome and vital?

36. vi.Selecting an approach (Evaluate the
solution)
choose only those ideas that they think will be
the most successful and met your design
requirements
i. Elegance vii.Skill required
ii.Robustness viii.Safety
iii.Aesthetics
iv.Cost
v. Resources
vi.Time

37. vii.Plan for Action -
Develop a design proposal
model or prototype.
Materials
Dimensions
Processes

38. viii.Make a model or prototype
Although finishing material does not
exciting but it still work well
much closer to the form, fit, and
function of the final design

39. ix.Test and evaluate the design
using specifications
Make a list of those attributes that are
important to test.
Design a set of experiments
Under controlled conditions
In a working environment.
Gather and record your test data.
Conclude by writing a complete
summary of your testing.

41. x.Refining the design
“Creating or Making” the design
redesign.

42. xi.Create or make it
ready for production.

43. xii.Communicate the
processes and results
final design document
a slide presentation,
technical reports,
detailed design drawings or sketches.
It should answer:-
(1) what the design is
(2) how well the design works

44. Product analysis
Can be carried out by:
An individual product being analyzed
Alternatively a number of similar products
can be compared with each other using the
same criteria

45. Purpose of Product analysis
A potential customer -him/her decides
whether it is worth buying
Design can be improved
Sometimes a prototype of model may
be analyzed. Improvements can be
made before the full-sized, costly
product is manufactured

46. Criteria of product analysis
Ergonomics
Cost
Aesthetics
Construction method
Client requirement
Health and safety
Colour and texture
Materials
Environmental impact
Can the materials be recycle or reuse?

47. Sustainable Development
“Sustainable development
is development that meets
the needs of the present
without compromising the
ability of future generations
to meet their own needs"
Brundtland Commission
“Our common future” 1987

48. Three components of
sustainability
1.Environment–maintaining the earth’s
life support system (e.g., ecosystem
services such as pollution filtering).
2.Social–maintaining community (civic)
capacity that fosters effective participation
and ‘equitable’ treatment of all
stakeholders.
3.Economic–maintaining an economic
system that provides a non-declining
standard of living for this and future
generations.

49. Integration as Key Sustainability Principle

50. Group Assignment –“4R”

51. Group Assignment –“4R”

52. Group Assignment –“4R”

53. Group Assignment –“4R”

54. Group Assignment –“4R”

55. Group Assignment –“4R”

56. Group Assignment –“4R”