Body fluid compartments slide share

body fluid compartments

1. BODY FLUID COMPARTMENTS Dr Anu Priya J

2. Introduction Body is formed of solids & fluids The fluid part is more than 2/3 of the whole body. Water forms most of the fluid part

3. 40% 15% 20% 5% Total Body water

4. ECF constitutes of: Interstitial fluid including lymph Plasma Transcellular fluids Transcellular fluids: CSF Intraocular fluid Gastrointestinal secretions Pleural fluid Pericardial fluid Peritoneal fluid Synovial fluid Fluid in urinary tract More the amount of fat, lesser the ECF volume Elderly – lesser ECF volume Infants & children – greater ECF volume Blood volume – 7% body weight – 5 L in a 70 kg adult male

5. Body electrolytes 7% of total body weight Functions of electrolytes in the human body Maintenance of acid-base balance Maintenance of normal osmolality and volume of body fluids Ions like Na + ,Ca 2+ ,K + ,Cl - , etc affects excitability of cells

6. Distribution of ions across the cell membrane at rest Ion ICF ( mmol /L of H 2 0) ECF( mmol /L of H 2 0) Na + 1.5 150 K + 150 5.5 Cl - 9 125 Ca 2+ 0.0001 1.2 Protein anion 65 <5 Mg 2+ 58 3 HCO 3- 10 2.8 PO 4 3- 75 4

7. Deuterium oxide/heavy water, Tritium oxide, Aminopyrine Inulin , Mannitol , Sucrose 131 I

8. Applied aspect Infants are prone to dehydration i.e., infants are more vulnerable for water loss due to: Greater ECF volume Increased body surface area compared to mass Higher metabolic rate Physiologic inability of the infant’s kidneys to concentrate urine see http://www.ihrdni.org/068b-022.pdf

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10. Measurement of body fluid volumes Total body water is measured using dilution principle. A marker is injected that will be evenly distributed in all the compartments of body fluids. Marker that diffuses freely not only in the water outside the cells, but also crosses the cell membrane to reach the intracellular fluid.

11. ECF volume is measured using substances that cannot enter the cells, but can freely cross the capillary membrane and thus distribute evenly in the ECF compartments. Plasma volume is measured using substances that binds specifically to plasma proteins, and will not diffuse into the interstitium . Measurement of body fluid volumes

12. http://www.ihrdni.org/068b-022.pdf