Body fluid..........................pptx

important

1. BODY FLUID EXAMINATION Dr Tanmoy Ganguly

2. Types of Body Fluid CSF Sputum Pleural fluid Pericardial fluid Peritoneal/Ascitic fluid Urine Synovial Fluid

3. Examination Steps Physical examination Chemical examination Cytological examination (Cell counts, Cell types, Malignant cells) Microbiological examination Other tests

4. Physical Examination Volume Appearance

5. Appearance Transudate Exudate

6. Transudate Clear Pale yellow Straw Do not clot on standing Seen in Congestive cardiac failure Cirrhosis of liver Pulmonary embolism (pleural fluid) Budd-Chiari syndrome (ascitic fluid)

7. Exudate Opaque/Turbid (Increased protein, leukocytes) Bloody (Traumatic tap, Malignancy, Embolism) Milky/Chylous (Lymphatic obstruction, high TG) Often clot on standing (due to high fibrinogen content) Seen in Bacterial/Parasitic Infections TB Malignancy Trauma

8. CSF Usually- Clear and colorless like water Abnormally Turbid- Bacteria, Fungi, TB (Increased leukocytes, RBCs) Blood-mixed- Trauma, SAH Yellowish/Xanthochromia- SAH, Jaundice Others Pink- Red cell lysis and Hb breakdown Brownish- Meningeal metastatic melanoma Orange- High carotene ingestion Cobweb formation- TB

9. Sputum Whitish Bloody- TB, Abscess, Bronchiectasis, CA Green- Pseudomonas Purulent- Bronchiectasis, Abscess Pink, frothy- Pulmonary edema

10. Chemical Examination Pleural fluid (Light’s criteria) Protein LDH Peritoneal fluid Albumin (SAAG) LDH Amylase Bilirubin CSF Protein Glucose

11. Cytological Examination Cell count Cell type Malignant cells

12. Microbiological Examination Gram Stain ZN stain India Ink preparation (CSF) Culture PCR

13. Other Tests CSF protein electrophoresis Measurement of albumin and IgG in CSF(MS) D-dimer (Pleural fluid- pulmonary embolism) Rheumatoid factor (Rheumatoid effusion) ANA (Lupus pleuritis) CEA (Malignancy)

14. Thank You