Bone Marrow transplantation (Bmt) or stem cell transplant

College or University Presentation on Bone Marrow transplantation.
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1. B one Marrow Transplantation .

2. Hello! I’m Amit shanu , For any professional presentation, Contact me 8102408728 ,

3. • Introduction • 01 Bone Marrow Transplantation.

4. A bone marrow transplant is a procedure that infuses healthy blood-forming stem cells into your body to replace your damaged or diseased bone marrow. A bone marrow transplant is also called a stem cell transplant. You might need a bone marrow transplant if your bone marrow stops working and does not produce enough healthy blood cells. Bone marrow transplants may use cells from your own body (autologous transplant) or from a donor (allogeneic transplant). Introduction •

5. Autologous bone marrow transplant Allogeneic bone marrow transplant Umbilical cord blood transplant 1. 2. 3. • Type of Bone Marrow Transplant

6. Pre-Bone Marrow Transplant Evaluation. General health exam:   This consists of a physical examination and a cancer screening tests to evaluate your overall health. Biopsy:  A bone marrow biopsy is done for evaluating its function and to assess for disease involvement. Blood tests:  There are different blood tests that you may need to undergo to know about gene compatibility. Tissue typing:   This is required for allogeneic patients only. It includes series of blood tests to evaluate the compatibility or closeness of tissue between the organ donor and recipient. Other blood tests :  There are series of tests that will be done to detect certain substances in your blood and to evaluate your overall health. These might be done to screen you for any infectious diseases like HIV, to check your organ function, etc. Imaging tests:  Various tests like CT scan, MRI or PET scan may be recommended to look for any abnormality in the organs. Social and psychological evaluation:   These evaluations include various measures to assess your stress, financial issues, and support by friends and family. Skeletal survey:  These are a series of x-rays done for long bones and skulls to assess the disease involvement in patients with multiple myeloma.

7. How the bone marrow functions Hematopoietic stem cells are found in the peripheral blood and the bone marrow, which is the soft, spongy center of your bone. These stem cells develop into all types of blood cells, including white blood cells, red blood cells, and platelets. White blood cells of various kinds make up part of your immune system for fighting infections. Red blood cells are responsible for carrying oxygen throughout your body. Platelets clot your blood to prevent bleeding. Stem cells are constantly being produced by your bone marrow and will develop into the types of cells your body needs.

8. The Bone Marrow Transplant process. Autologous transplant Collection of cells This step may take several days. At first, you will get injections of a medication that will increase your cells. Then your doctor and his team will collect the cells through a vein in your arm or chest. These cells will then be stored until needed . Pre-transplant treatment This step usually takes 5-10 days. You will get a higher dose of chemotherapy. Sometimes, patients also receive radiation therapy . Getting the cells back This step is the transplant day. The process takes about 30 minutes for each dose of cells. This is known as an infusion. Your doctor team puts the cells back into your bloodstream via a catheter. You may have more than one infusion . Recovery Your doctor will closely monitor the recovery and growth of your cells and may prescribe you antibiotics to reduce infection. They will also take care of any side effects.

9. Complications of a bone marrow transplant As with every surgery, the risk of complications is there and bone marrow transplant is no exception. However, it is not always necessary that a patient develops these complications, but it is good to be aware of it. Below are some of the common complications linked with bone marrow transplant : Graft versus host disease If you have undergone an allogeneic transplant, then you are at higher risk of developing GVHD, which is more likely to occur if the cells have been taken from an unrelated donor. However, it may occur otherwise as well. The symptoms of GVHD may occur within the initial month or even after a longer duration of time. These may include: Dry eyes Skin rashes Breathlessness and cough Nausea and vomiting Joint pains

10. The other complications may include / Risk: Damage to organ Infection Cancer Bleeding Problem in eyes such as cataract Problems in liver or kidney Infertility Cramps or numbness in arms or legs Breathing problems

11. Success rate and life expectancy of a bone marrow transplant. With progress in medicine, the life expectancy of patients undergoing bone marrow transplants is also improving. The success rates depend on many factors like underlying disease, source of cells and patient's general health condition. In comparison to the last decade, the life expectancy of patients has improved . Success rate Autologous transplant greater than 90% Increased lifespan with matched sibling donor of 1 year: 70-80% Increased lifespan with matched unrelated donor of 1 year: 50-60% Life expectancy

12. Life after Bone Marrow Transplant A bone marrow transplant can significantly improve the quality of life of the patients. However, there are certain practices and measures that you need to follow to live a normal life . Regular follow-ups:  You may have to have frequent follow up with your doctor for the initial few months after the transplant. They will keep a check on the body's response to transplant and any complications which may arise. Immunosuppressant's:   As our body tends to reject the foreign body or object. You may have to take immunosuppressant medicines to avoid the possibility of rejection in case of allogeneic bone marrow transplant. Hygiene and lifestyle:   Practicing good hygiene and staying active is an excellent contributory factor for recovery. Live a healthy lifestyle by engaging in any form of physically activity, eating a balanced diet, avoiding smoking, etc .

13. Cost analysis of Bone Marrow Transplant , Living with a disease that badly affects your life is an extremely painful experience both for the patient and his family. Getting a bone marrow transplant can certainly improve the quality of life of the patient. The approximate cost of bone marrow transplants in India varies between 12-15 lakh for an allogeneic transplant and 8-10 lakh for an autologous transplant approximately .

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