Bones Revision.pptx.......................................

Revision of bone practical

1. PRACTICAL BONES

2. SKULL Masto -occipital suture: 70-80 years

3. SKULL Traits Male Female Gen. Appearance Larger, rougher Smaller , lighter, thin wall, smoother Forehead Steeper (sloping), less rounded Vertical, rounder Glabella Rough, more prominent Smooth, smaller or absent Orbits Square, smaller, set low on face Rounder, higher, larger Cheek bones Heavier, laterally arched Lighter Occipital protuberance Prominent Not so prominent Supra orbital ridge Prominent Less prominent Mastoid Prominent, large Less pointed, smooth Palate “U” shaped Parabolic shape

4. HIP BONE Fusion of Iliac crest: 17-19 & 19-20 years Fusion of Tri radiate cartilage: 13-14 & 15-16 years Ischial tuberosity: 20 years.

5. HIP BONE FEATURES MALE FEMALE General Heavier, rougher with Muscle Impressions more prominent Light, smooth with muscles Impressions less prominent Obturator foramen Large, oval Small, triangular Acetabulum Large, directed laterally Small, directed antero -laterally Greater sciatic notch Smaller, narrower, deeper Larger, wider, shallower Ilium High, tends to be vertical Lower, laterally divergent Iliac crest Steeper anterior, posterior slope Not so Ischial tuberosity Inverted everted Body of pubis Narrow, triangular Broad, square

6. MANDIBLE

7. MANDIBLE Features Male Mandible Female Mandible Size Large Small Surface Ragged Smooth Ms. impression Prominent Not so prominent Mandibular Angle Everted Inverted Chin Square shaped Round Shape of bone “V” shaped “U” shaped Mental tubercle Large insignificant Condylar Process Large small

8. MANDIBLE Ossifies in dense fibro membranous tissue Head of the mandible completely ossifies in 21-30 years. Adult Mental Foramen is at mid way between upper & lower border Condyloid process is at higher level than the coronoid process Old age: Reduced in size Alveolar region is absorbed Mental foramen is near to superior border Ramus become oblique, the angle is 140 degree Neck is inclined backwards. Coronoid process again projects higher than condylar process.

9. FEMUR Features Male Female General Heavier, rougher, muscles Impressions prominent Light, smoother Head Articular surface is more than 2/3 rd of the sphere Articular surface is less than 2/3 rd of the sphere Angulation of shaft with condyles Around 80 degree Around 76 degree Length 438.4 mm 400 mm

10. STERNUM Body of the sternum: 4 segments Manubrium Xiphoid Process

11. Bone Examination To the investigating officer, Identification of the bone Human Bone Which side ? Gender? Differentiating features . Condition of the bone:- Any injuries over it? Any abnormality? Age Inference: Conclusion

12. THANK YOU