BRADYODONTI characteristics of fishes. Pptx.

Bradyodonti characteristics features of fishes.,
Introduction, habitat, characteristics, classification, history , examples.

1. Specialization paper-1 General fish biology (B050903TB) Topic- Bradyodonti Fish Presentated by - Priya

2. Bradyodonti fish Bradyodonti is an obsolete scientific name for a group of extinct and extant cartilaginous fishes, primarily referring to the Holocephali (chimaeras and ratfish), and sometimes other related Paleozoic forms. They are characterized by a fused upper jaw and typically covered gill slits, with many species being deep-water bottom-feeders that consumed molluscs. Modern classification favors the use of Holocephali for this group.

3. Bradyodonti fish

4. Habitat of bradyodonti fish Bradyodonti fish lived in marine (saltwater) environments during the Paleozoic Era. These cartilaginous fish, which are related to modern ratfish and chimaeras ( Holocephalimorphs ), inhabited the oceans of that time. They are known primarily from fossilized teeth plates, which indicate they were likely bottom-dwellers feeding on benthic invertebrates.

5. Characteristics of Bradyodonti ( Holocephali ) Jaw Structure : Unlike elasmobranchs (sharks and rays), the upper jaw is fused to the braincase. Gill Structure : Gill openings are covered by a single operculum (a flap of skin), rather than multiple, separate gill slits. Habitat : Many were deep-water, bottom-dwelling fish.

6. Diet : They were primarily molluscivores , using their specialized teeth to crush shells. Extinct and Extant Members: The group includes both extinct Paleozoic forms and the extant chimaeras and ratfish.

7. Bradyodonti fish fossil images

8. Bradyodonti are related to chimaeras

9. Classification History The term Bradyodonti was used for an order of extinct cartilaginous fishes from the Paleozoic Era.
Over time, its definition was expanded to include the Eugeneodontiformes , Orodontiformes , and Chimaeriformes .
Modern paleontology now uses Holocephali to refer to this group, making Bradyodonti an obsolete classification

10. Examples of bradyodonti fish Chimaeras Modern Example: Chimaeras are the only surviving examples of the Bradyodonti , living in deep oceans worldwide. Fossil Examples (now considered extinct) Chondrenchelyiformes : An order of early holocephalans , also considered bradyodonts . Eugeneodontiformes : A group that includes the extinct “buzz-saw shark” ( Helicoprion ). Iniopterygiformes : Another extinct order that has been grouped with the bradyodonts . Helodontiformes : and Menaspiformes are other examples of bradyodonti .

11. Refrence https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradyodonti#cite_ref-2 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradyodonti#cite_ref-:1_3-2 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradyodonti#cite_ref-:2_4-2 Bendix‐ Almgreen , Svend Erik (1971). “THE ANATOMY OF MENASPIS ARMATA AND THE PHYLETIC AFFINITIES OF THE MENASPID BRADYODONTS”. Lethaia . 4 (1): 21–49. doi:10.1111/j.1502-3931.1971.tb01277.x. ISSN 0024-1164.

12. Thank you