BRAIN ABSCESS,ITS CAUSES AND PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGMENT

Brain abscess is a collection of pus enclosed in brain tissue caused by bacterial /fungal infection.

1. BRAIN ABSCESS/CEREBRAL ABSCESS PRESENTED BY DR.SHIVANI GOYAL (PT)

2. ETIOLOGY Immunocompromised patients like HIV/AIDS. Cancer/ other chronic illness Coronary artery disease Major head injury /skull injury Meningitis Immunosuppression drugs used in chemotherapy Chronic sinus/ middle ear infection

3. WHAT IS BRAIN ABSCESS? A Brain abscess is a collection of pus enclosed in brain tissue caused by bacterial or fungal infection . Pus can be come out from :- Ear Dental Paranasal sinus

4. PATHOGENESIS INFECTION SOURCE Maybe local or hematogenous Small vessel occlusion /surface thrombophlebitis may precede parenchymal involvement Parenchymal bacterial invasion Polymorphonuclear infiltration and impairs vascular permeability Zone of granulation tissue (cerebritis) Mature capsule forms with central zone of necrotic tissue , inflammatory cells and necrotic debris

5. CLINICAL FEATURES Signs and symptoms develop gradually over a period of 2-3 weeks. Toxicity – pyrexia ,malaise Increased intracranial pressure –headache ,vomiting , decrease conscious level Focal damage –hemiparesis ,dysphagia ,ataxia ,nystagmus, epilepsy Infection – tenderness over mastoid process or sinus ,discharging ear Bacterial endocarditis – cardiac murmur , petechiae ,splenomegaly .

6. OTHERS:- Confusion Decrease responsiveness Drowsiness Irritability Slow thought process Decrease sensation ,movement Aphasia Fever ,chills ,headache Language difficulty Loss of coordination Loss of muscle function Neck stiffness Vision changes

7. INVESTIGATIONS X-ray of sinus and mastoid MRI CT SCAN Lumbar puncture Peripheral blood test :- increase ESR , leukocytosis

8. MEDICAL MANAGEMENT ANTIBIOTICS ABCESS DRAINAGE TREATMENT OF INFECTION SITE STEROIDS

9. PHYSIOTHERAPY MANAGMANET AIMS :- Psychological support Prevention of chest complication Prevention of pressure sores Promote vital function Enhance progression through developmental sequence activities .

10. THANK YOU