Branches of Agriculture.pptx

branches of agriculture

1. Branches of Agriculture

2. Main Branches of Agriculture Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry 2. Crop Production or Agronomy 3. Agricultural Economics 4. Agricultural Engineering

3. Livestock Production or Animal Husbandry Animal Husbandry is the branch of agriculture concerned with animals that are raised for meat, fiber, milk, eggs, or other products. The term "livestock" encompasses many species and numerous breeds within animal species which can produce food and other raw materials. Livestock production or Animal Husbandry has 4 common classifications such as

4. a.) Nomadic Pastoralism is the husbandry of grazing animals is viewed as an ideal way of making a living and the regular movement of all or part of the society is considered a normal and natural part of life. Pastoral nomadism is commonly practice where climatic conditions produce seasonal pastures but cannot support sustained stationary agriculture because of the animals’ food limitations. 

5. b.) Poultry Farming is the raising of birds domestically or commercially, primarily for meat and eggs as well as for feathers. Chickens, turkeys, ducks, and geese are of primary importance, while guinea fowl and squabs (young pigeons) are chiefly of local interest.

6. c.) Swine Farming is the raising and breeding of domestic pigs as livestock, and is a branch of animal husbandry. Pigs are farmed principally for food (e.g. pork, bacon, gammon) or sometimes skinned.

7. d.) Apiculture is the scientific method of rearing honeybees. The word ‘apiculture’ comes from the Latin word apis meaning bee and colere which means “to culture”. Bees are mainly reared for their honey. So, apiculture or also known as beekeeping is the care and management of honey bees for the production of honey and the wax. In this method of apiculture, bees are bred commercially in apiaries, an area where a lot of beehives can be placed. Apiaries can be set up in areas where there are sufficient bee pastures – usually areas that have flowering plants.

8. II. Crop Production or Agronomy It is the science dealing with the cultivation of crops and vegetables on a field scales either under rain fed or irrigation conditions. These crops are mainly annuals cultivated food. The requirements of each crop are studied in terms of soil and climate, as well as planting time and techniques, different cultivars, fertilization, weed, disease, and insect control, as well as the effect of stress factors. Crop Production or Agronomy includes:

9. Horticulture is the science and art of growing and caring for plants, especially flowers, fruits, and vegetables. The word is derived from the Latin hortus which means “garden” and colere which means “to culture”. As a general term, it covers all forms of garden management, but in ordinary use it refers to intensive commercial production. Horticulture has 3 branches namely, pomology, olericulture and floriculture.

10. a) Pomology is the branch of botany that studies all fruits, specifically the science of growing fruits and nuts. The word is derived from the Latin pomum which means “fruit” and logia which means “field of study”. As a branch of horticulture, it focuses to the cultivation of fruits, nuts, fruitbearing and nut-bearing trees/plants for human use and consumption.

11. b) Olericulture is the science and art of vegetable growing, dealing with the culture of non-woody (herbaceous) plants for food. The word is derived from the Latin oleris which means “pot herb” and colere which means “to culture”. As language develops over long period of time, it is simply defined as the science and art of growing vegetables crops. It deals with the production, storage processing and marketing of vegetables. It encompasses crop establishment, including cultivar selection, seedbed preparation and establishment of vegetable crops by seed and transplants. It also includes maintenance and care of vegetable crop production.

12. c) Floriculture refers to farming, plant care, propagation, and cultivation with one goal in mind, the maximum production of flowering and ornamental plants for gardens and floristry, comprising the floral industry. The word is derived from the Latin floris which means “flower” and colere which means “to culture”. Therefore, it is the cultivation of flower. To elaborate, floriculture is an entire gardening spectrum that is geared towards understanding and improving all aspects of bud and flower creation, including indoor lighting, growroom requirements, greenhouse needs, plant nutrition, irrigation, pest management, and breeding new cultivars/strains.

13. III. Agricultural Economics is study of the allocation, distribution and utilization of the resources used, along with the commodities produced, by farming. It concerns itself with the study of the production and consumption of food in both developed and developing countries along with analysis of the policies that shape the world’s largest country.

14. IV. Agricultural Engineering is the area of engineering concerned with the design, construction and improvement of farming equipment and machinery. Agricultural engineers integrate technology with farming. For example, they design new and improved farming equipment that may work more efficiently, or perform new tasks. They design and build agricultural infrastructure such as dams, water reservoirs, warehouses, and other structures. They may also help engineer solutions for pollution control at large farms. Some agricultural engineers are developing new forms of biofuels from non-food resources like algae and agricultural waste. Such fuels could economically and sustainably replace gasoline without jeopardizing the food supply