Branches of Biology

Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living organism and their life processes. It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology, economics importance, external form, organization, internal structure, nutrition among others

1. Basic Understanding of Science, Biology and it’s related branches Branches of Biology

2. Science (from the Latin word scientia , meaning “ knowledge ”) It is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe Or, science is an organized form of knowledge or systematic knowledge That is, knowledge through process Definition of Science

3. Biology The Word Biology is the combination of two Greek words (bios – life, logos – study) Biology is the branch of science which deals with the study of living objects and their life processes It covers all aspect of the study of living creatures like growth, structure, occurrence, classification, ecology, economics importance, external form, organization, internal structure, nutrition among others

4. Cont’d Being broad – based and multidisplinary, the term biology is often replaced by the term “ life science or biological science. ” The term biology was coined by Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Aristotle is know as the “ Father of Biology ”

5. Now questions arises like: what is Life? What is living? How can you differentiate between Living and non-living since we define biology as the science which deals with the study of living objects

6. Life is a set of characteristics which differentiate organisms from non-living objects These set of characteristics include reproduction, growth , homeostasis, movement, nutrition, respiration among others For a thing to be called a living thing, there must be a set of these characteristics

7. Botany Botany is the branch of biology which deals with the scientific study of different aspects of plants and plant-like organisms which include algae, fungi, lichens, mosses, ferns, conifer, and flowering plants The ancient Greek Theophrastus (371–286 B.C.E .) is known as the “ Father/Founder of B otany”

8. Microbiology Microbiology is the branch of biology that deals with the scientific study of all living organisms that are too small to be visible to the naked eye. These organisms include: bacteria, archaea, viruses, fungi, prions, protozoa, and algae, collectively known as ‘Microbes’ Antonie Philips van Leeuwenhoek is known as the “ Father of Microbiology ”

9. Pure Branches of Biology Morphology Anatomy Histology Cytology Cell biology Molecular biology Physiology Ecology Embryology Genetics Paleontology Taxonomy Evolution Pathology The pure branch of biology include the following :

10. Morphology It is the study of external form, size, shape, color, external structure and relative position of living organisms Anatomy It is the study of internal structure which can be observed with unaided eye after dissection Physiology It is the study of different types of body functions and processes or the functional activities of a living organism

11. Cytology It is the study of form and structure as well as the function of cells including the behavior of nucleus and other organelles Histology It is the study of tissue organization and structure as observed through light microscope Embryology It is the study of fertilization, growth, division and differentiation of the zygote into embryo or early development of living beings before the attainment of structure and size of the offspring

12. Taxonomy It is the science of identification, nomenclature and classification of organisms Genetics It is the study of inheritance of characters or heredity and variations. Heredity is the study of expression and transmission of traits from parents to offspring. Ecology It is the study of living organisms is relation to other organism and their environment

13. Evolution It studies the origin of life as well as new types of organism from the previous ones by modifications involving genetic changes and adaptations. Paleontology It deals with the study of fossils or remains and impressions of past organisms present in the rocks of different ages .

14. Cell Biology It is the study of morphological, organizational, biochemical, physiological, genetic, developmental, pathological and evolutionary aspects of cell and its components. Molecular Biology It is the study of the nature, physicochemical organization, synthesis working and interaction of bio-molecules that bring about and control various activities of the protoplasm Pathology It is a branch of biology which studies diseases in plant and animals and their treatment

15. Applied Branches of Biology The applied branch of biology is divided into two main streams: Applied Botany Applied Zoology

16. Applied Botany Some important branches of applied botany are; Agriculture Horticulture Pharmacognosy Forestry …

17. Applied Zoology Some important branches of applied zoology are; Sericulture Apiculture Lac culture Poultry Pisciculture Animal husbandry

18. Some different branches of science, biology specifically, has become very importance in this millennium With the above idea of the branches of biology, let us have some idea of the biological importance in other branches of science. A – Z List

19. A Acariology Study of ticks and mites Actinobiology The branch of science which deals with the study of radiation effects on organisms Aerobiology Study of flying organisms

20. Agroforestry This branch deals with forms of land used on which herbaceous crops and trees crops are cultivated Agronomy Science which deals with the crop plants Agrostology Study of grasses Anthology Study of flowers

21. Anthropology Study of apes and man Apiculture Study of Bee keeping Araneology Study of spiders Arthrology Study of joints

22. B Bacteriology Study of bacteria Batrachology Study of frog Biochemistry Branch of science which deals with the study of chemical reactions in relations to life activities

23. Biometrics Statistical analysis of different results of biological experiments Biotechnology Us of biological organisms in commercial processes for producing fine chemicals such as drugs, vaccines and hormones etc.. On a large scale and at reasonable cost

24. Bryology Study of Bryophytes Biophysics Study of physical aspects of living organisms

25. c Carcinology Study of crab and crustaceans Cardiology Study of the heart Chondriology Study of cartilage Chromatology Study of pigments

26. Cnidology Study of Coelenterata Conchology Study of shells Craniology Study of skull Cytogenetics Study of cytological basis of inheritance

27. D Dendrology Study of shrubs and trees Dermatology Study of skin

28. E Ecobiology Study of problems of existence of life in outer space Ecology Study of relationship between organisms and their environment Embryology Study of embryo i.e developmental stages after fertilization or birth of young ones

29. Endocrinology Study of endocrine glands and their secretions Entomology Study of insects Enzymology Study of enzymes

30. Ethnology Study of mankind Ethology Study of conditions of animals or behavior of animals, in a natural contest Etiology Study of diseases

31. Eugenics Study of improvement of human race by applying laws of heredity. It applied before birth. Eugenics is related with future generation Euphenics Study of improvement of human race by drug treatment or gene engineering i.e medical engineering of genetic disorder Euthenics Study of improvement of human race by improving environment. It applied after birth and is related with present generation

32. Evolution The branch of science which deals with the study of origin of new from old i.e origin, variation, inter-relationship between organisms of past and present days Exobiology Space biology is also know as exobiology

33. F Floriculture Study od flower yielding plants

34. G Genetics Study of heredity and variations Gerontology Study of growing old Gynaecology Study of female reproductive organs

35. H Haematology Study of blood Helminthology Study of helminthes Hepatology Study of liver

36. Herpetology Study of lizards and other reptiles Hypnology Study which deals with sleep Histochemistry Study of chemical nature of tissues Horticulture Study of flowering and fruit plants

37. I Ichnology Study of fossil footprints Ichthyology Study of fish and it’s culture Immunology Study of resistance of organisms against infection

38. K Kalology Study of sensory values, sometimes called judgement of sentiment and taste Karyology Study of nucleus Kinesiology Study of muscle movements

39. L Lepidopterology Study of moths and butterflies Lichenology Study of lichens Limnology Study of fresh water lakes, ponds, and streams in relation with plants and animals

40. M Malacology Study of mollusks Mammalogy Study of mammals Mastology Study of breasts

41. Melanology Study of pigments Molecular biology Study of life science on molecular level (i.e. RNA and DNA level) Mycology Study of fungi Myrmecology Study of ants

42. N Neonatology Study of the new-born up to one month of age Nephrology Study of kidney Neurology Study of the nervous system

43. Nidology Study of nests of birds Nosology The branch of medical science dealing with the classification of diseases.

44. O Odontology Study of teeth and gums Olericulture Study of vegetable yielding plants Oncology Study of cancer

45. Oneirology Study of dreams Ontogeny Study of embryonic history Oology Study of egg of birds

46. Ophthalmology Study of eyes Organocology Study of development of organs under embryology Organology Study of organs

47. Ornithology Study of birds Osteology Study of bones Otorhinolaryngology Study of ear, nose, and throat

48. P Paedology Study of larva stages Paleozoology Study of fossils of animals and their distribution in time Paleobotany Study of the distribution and characteristics of fossils

49. Parasitology Study of parasites Pathology Study of various diseases in human beings Parazoology Study of porifera /sponges

50. Pedology Study of soils Pharmacognosy Branch of science dealing with medicinal plants Pharmacology Study of synthesis and effect of medicines on organisms

51. Phenology Study of organisms as affected by seasonal climates e.g. of bird migration, opening of flowers etc . Phrenology Study of mental faculties of brain including feelings Phycology (algology ) Study of algae

52. Phylogeny Study of evolutionary history Physiology Study of functions of various parts within the organisms Pisciculture Study of rearing of fishes

53. Platyhelminthology Study of flat worms Pomology Study of fruits Poultry Study which deals with keepings of foul

54. Proctology Study of hind gut including rectum and anus Protistology Study of protests. Its field of study overlaps with more traditional disciplines of algology, mycology and protozoology Psychobiolog Study of the behavioral aspects of animals Pteridology Study of Pteridophyte

55. R Rainology Study of nose and olfactory organs

56. S Saurology Study of lizards Sarcology Study of muscles Sericulture Silk industry concerned with culture of silk moth and pupa

57. Serology Study of serum; interaction of antigens and antibodies in the blood Sepentology Study of snakes Silvibulture Study of the development of forest

58. Sitology Study of dietetics Speciology Study of species Spermology Study of seeds

59. Splanchnology Study of visceral organs Stomatology Study of forget including buccal cavity and stomach Syndesmology Study of bony joints and ligaments

60. T Taxonomy The branch of science which deals with the study of classification of organism Teratology Study of fetal malformations Toxicology Study of narcotics and the influence of narcotics on various organisms

61. Traumatology Study of wounds and turnover Trichology Study of hair Trophology Study of nutrition

62. U Urobiology Study which deals with preservation of deals deals bodies in liquids by chemicals Urology Study od wine including diseases and the abnormalities of urinary and urino -genital tract

63. V Virology Study of virus

64. Z Zoogeography The branch of science which deals with the study of the distribution of animals on earth Zoophytology Study of drifting microorganism such as diatoms

65. Branches of Biology on The Basis of Medical Sciences

66. Gynecology Gynecology normally means treating women who aren’t pregnant, while obstetrics deals with pregnant women and their unborn children, but there is lots of crossover between the two Orthopedics B ranch of medical science which is devoted to the diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and rehabilitation of injuries, disorders and diseases of the body’s musculoskeletal system. This system includes bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, nerves and tendons

67. Ophthalmology Branch of medicine that deals with the anatomy, physiology, and diseases of the eyeball and orbit Dentistry Branch of medicine that consists of the study, diagnosis, prevention and treatment of diseases, disorders and conditions of the oral cavity

68. Oncology Branch of medicine that researchers, identifies and treats cancer Cardiology Branch of medicine that is concern with the diseases and disorders of the heart, which may range from congenital defects through to acquired heart diseases such as coronary artery disease and congestive heart failure

69. Urology Surgical specialty that deals with the treatment of conditions involving the male and female urinary tract and the ale reproductive organs Nephrology Branch of medical science that deals with diseases of the kidneys Pediatrics Branch of medicine dealing with the health and medical care of infants, children, and adolescents from birth up to the age of 18

70. Dermatology Branch of medicine dealing with diagnosing and treating skin diseases affecting the skin, hair and nails Physiotherapy Branch of medicine which uses a treatment method that focuses on the science of movements and help people to restore, maintain and maximize their physical strength, function, motion and overall well-being by addressing the underlying physical issues

71. Reference http :// www.iasplanner.com/civilservices/ias-pre/general-science/main-branches-of-biology-and-fields-of-biology https :// www.papertrell.com/apps/preview/Handy-Answer-Book/Handy%20Answer%20book/Who-is-called-the-father-ofbotany/001137006/content/SC/51360d13172536090c7a5730_plantlifehtml.html https :// www.quora.com/Who-is-the-father-of-zoology https :// targetstudy.com/qna/who-is-known-as-the-father-of-microbiology.html http://readbiology.com/main-divisions-branches-biology / https://biology.homeomagnet.com/branches-of-biology / https://hemantmore.org.in/science/biology/branches-biology/10609 /