Branches of Trigeminal Nerve

The Trigeminal Nerve has 3 branches:
Nervus Ophthalmicus - Sensory
Nervus Maxillaris - Sensory
Nervus Mandibularis - Sensory & Motor

1. BRANCHES OF TRIGEMINAL NERVE Julius King Kwedhi

2. 3 BRANCHES OF N. TRIGEMINUS Nervus Ophthalmicus Sensory Nervus Maxillaris Sensory Nervus Mandibularis Sensory & Motor

3. Nervus Ophtalmicus

4. Nervus Maxillaris

5. Nervus Mandibularis

6. Nervus Ophthalamicus Passes through lateral wall of sinus cavernosus  through fissura orbitalis superior (together with n. abducens , trochlearis and occulomotorius ) Before entering orbit, at level of sella turcica , it receives communicating branches from parietal sympathetic plexus of internal carotid artery, and gives off tentorial nerve. Recurrent tentorial branch supplies the tentorium cerebelli and supratentorial flax cerebri

7. Structures Near To N. Ophthalmicus Medially: N. Trochlearis Laterally: N. Abducens Superior-lateral: N. Occulomotor

8. Nervus Ophtalmicus

9. Branches of N. Ophthalmicus Inside orbit N. Frontalis N. Supraorbitalis rami lateralis et medialis N. Supratrochlearis N. Lacrimalis Communicates with n. zygomaticus (from n. maxillaris ) N. Nasociliaris To ganglion ciliare N. Ciliaris longus N. Ethmoidale posteriores N. Ethmoidale anteriores N. Ethmoidale posteriores & N. Ethmoidale anteriores  N. nasalis distalis latetrale et mediale N. Infratrochlearis N. Tentorii

10. Nervus Frontalis Course: It runs through margo supraorbitalis , on upper surface of musculus levator palpabrae superiores , & divides: N. Supraorbitalis rami lateralis et medialis Innervates skin of forehead (frontal region) Arises from orbital through supraorbital notch & ends in skin of forehead N. Supratrochlearis Innervates skin of root of the nose, lower part of forehead, medially of the eye & skin of conjunctiva Musculus Frontalis ( proprios = ceptor )

11. N. Lacrimalis Course: Passes between lateral and superior rectus muscles, & lies next to lateral angle of eye (outside muscular comb)  glandular lacrimalis Communicates with n. zygomaticus a branch of N. Maxillaris

12. Nervus Nasociliaris Course: Passes inside orbit above nervus opticus , between the nervus rectus superior and superior rectus muscle, & goes further between oblique & medial rectus muscle. Passes into muscular comb, crosses n. opticus medially of the eyes, and then gives off 6 branches

13. 6 Branches of N. Nasociliaris Branch( es ) to ganglion ciliare N. Ciliaris longus Posterior surface of eyes: Passes along upper surface of n. as 2/3 rd of its branches to posterior surface of eyes N. Ethmoidale posterior N. Ethmoidale anterior the two nerves gothrough canalis orbitoethmoidale anterior and posterior to cellulae ethmoidale  n. nasalis distalis ( laterallis et medialis ) Innervates cellular ethmoidale ant et post,medial menengeal into fossa cranii and anterior region of nasal cavity

14. N. Nasociliaris (cont) 5. N. Infratrochlearis : Couse : Beneath m. oblique superior  bridge of nose, lacrimal sac, upper eyelid 6. Rami tentorii

15. Nervus Maxillaris

16. 3 Braches of Nervus Maxillaris Exists through foramen rotundum  fossa pterygopalatina , and divides into: N. Infraorbitalis Enters through fissura orbitalis inferior  sulcus infraorbitalis  canalis infraorbitalis  foramen infraorbitalis and branches into: N. Alveolaris superior posterior (molar) through fissura pterygopalatina N . alveolaris superior anterior (in cisivus ) Canalis alveolaris sup. Post, ant, & medial N. Alveolaris superior medius (premolar) In tuber maxillare a, b & c nerves branch off at level of sulcus infraorbitale

17. At infraorbitalis foramen: Infraorbital nerve  palpebral inferiores , nasal extensor, labialis superiores Infraorbital nerge gives branch to: lower eyelids, nasal branches, Superior labial branches Course: Pass through nasal muscle to skin of nostril in form of olfactory nasal branches Innervates: palpebra inferiores Ala of nasus externus Superior lip Medial surface of bucca

18. 2 nd Branch of Nervus Maxillaris Nervus Zygomaticus Pterygopalatina fossa  enters fissura orbitalis superior Branches: N. zygomaticolacrimalis (vegetative) To lacrimal gland N. Zygomaticus facialis (sensory) From foramen zygomaticofacialis Innervates: upper part of cheek laterally lower eyelid (in foramen zygomaticoorbitalis ) N. Zygomaticotemporalis (sensory) From lateral wall of orbit to anterior part of os zygomaticus , via foramen zygomaticotemporalis , to skin of temporal & lateral of forehead)

19. 3 rd Branch of Nervus Maxillaris Ganglion Pterygopalatinum Is a branch of N. Facialis (VII), not ANS nerve) Found in pterygopalatine fossa medialis & below maxillary nerve Enters as n. petrosus major, & it also receives from nerve of canalis pterygoideus Has 3 branches: N. Nasalis  posterior, superior, lateral & medial branches Goes through foramen sphenopalatinum  cavum nasale Gives off superior, medial branches of sphenopalatine nerve Innervates mucosa of nasal cavity, fornix of pharynx, wall of choannae & sinus of sphenoid bone

20. Ganglion Pterygopalatinum Branches (Cont…) N. Palatinus major Goes from canalis palatinum majoy  palatum durum N. Palatinus minor Goes from foramen palatinum minor  palatum molle

21. Nervus Mandibularis (mixed nerve)

22. Motor Branches of N. Mandibularis Project from nucleus motorius nervi trigemini and innervates: Masticatory muscle Nerve projects to: pterygoid lateralis & medialis , temporalis profundus , & masseter 2 tensor muscles Musculus tensor vellu palatine Musculus tubarius Musculus tensor tympani Musculus mylohyoideus & anterior belly of musculus digastricus

23. Sensory Branches of N. Mandibularis N. buccalis Runs between n. pterygoideus medialis & lateralis  forms proprioceptor of m. buccinator  and projects further to skin of mouth angle region Innervates mucosa of bucca

24. Sensory Branches of N. Mandibularis N. lingualis (ganglion chorda tympani) Vegetative & sensory nerve Runs between pterygoid medialis & lateralis to: G landula submadibular (superiorly), & Glandula sublingualis (region sublingualis ) Also gives off ganglion branch to submandibular ganglion (parasympathetic) Submandibular ganglion receives fibers from nervus lingualis in chorda tympani (n. facialis ) & carry info from anterior 2/3 rd of tongue, (responsible for sweet, sour & salty taste)

25. Sensory Branches of N. Mandibularis Nervus albeolaris inferior (sensory & motor neuron) Runs between m. pterygoid lateralis & medialis  canalis mandibularis (dental branch of teeth) Innervates mylohyoideus muscle (motor) Gives off branches to m. mylohyoideus & anterior belly of m. digastricus Goes on to p ass through foramen mentalis & gives off n. mentalis N. mentalis innervates skin of chin & lower lip In canal mandibularis , gives off branches that form plexus dentalis inferior: Gives off inferior dental branch  teeth (sensory branch) Gives off inferior gingival branch  gums

26. N. auriculotemporalis (sensory) 2 branches: Auricular branch Temporal branch Goes upward as a single trunk, & then passes through parotid salivary gland & then gives off 2 branches: Auricular branches: goes to the mandibular joint & neck of mandible Parotid branches: goes to glandula salivatorius paroticus Contain postganglionic parasympathetic branch From ganglion oticum projects parasympathetic branches: Nervus auricularis anterior  meatus acousticus exterior Innervates tympanic membrane & walls of external auditory meatus Menengieus (part of auriculotemporalis ) Enters beneath foramen oval, through foramen spinosum of arteria meningea media & divides: Ramus anterior  dura mater Ramus posterior  to fisura petrosquamousa to innervate mucosa of processus masoideus os temporalis

27. The END THANK YOU FOR YOUR LOVELY ATTENTION!! SHALOM!