Breeding in Crossandra - Gagandeep PAU.ppt

Breeding in Crossandra.

1. Breeding in crossandra
Gagandeep singh
L-2014-A-62-M
Submitted to:
Dr. H S Muker

2. Taxonomy


S.N: Crossandra infundibulifolia
syn. C. undulaeformis
C.N: Fire cracker plant, Kanakambaram
Family: Acanthaceae
2n = 40
Origin: Indo - malaya region
• Crossandra is derived from Greek word krossoi – fringe,
Aner – male i.e fringed anthers.

3. Distribution
•Crossandra plants are distributed in tropical as
well as subtropical regions of the world such
as south asia, south america, south africa and
Madagaskar.
•In India it is commercially cultivated in
Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and A.P

4. Botany
•Crossandra is evergreen shrub of minor importance.
•The leaves are upright, some what toothed and often
verticillate.
•Inflorescence is hairy, flowers appear in dense sessile
spikes, red to yellow, with prominent bracts.
•Corolla cylindrical, more or less curved, stamens 4 in
pairs.

5. Species and cultivars
•The genus consists of around 40-50 sps of tropical plants with
only a few cultivated sps such as
C. undulaeflia,
C. mucronata,
C. guineensis and
C. sebaculis.
•C. undulaefolia is an important sps which is grown for
commercial value across the world.

6. C. mucronata

7. Cultivars
•Orange, Delhi, Lutea Yellow and Sebaculis Red are four different
cultivars of the species.
1. Orange Crossandra is tetraploid (2n=40), sets seeds profusely,
breeds true and produces bright orange coloured flowers.
2. The cultivar Delhi is triploid (2n=30) and produces more
attractive flowers of bright deep orange colour.
3. Lutea Yellow is tetraploid (2n=40) and the flowers are orange
yellow colour. Used as front line of shrubery and hangging baskets.
4. Sebaculis Red is tetraploid (2n=40) and hardy cultivar, which
possesses high degree of tolerance to nematodes.

8. Methods of crop improvement
•Introduction
•Selection
Induced mutation
Chemicals
Irradiation
•Hybridisation

9. Breeding objectives
•(1) To breed low-maintenance and drought
tolerant ornamental plants for landscape or
container use.
•(2) To breed sterile, non-invasive plants of in a
range of flower colors.

10. •A Swedish cultivar, ‘Mona Wallhed’, - shiny black-green
foliage and a very compact habit of growth.
• Leaves are lustrous and vivid green. Flowers are deep salmon
to pink, irregular with prominent bract.
Introduction

11. Selection
Fortuna:
it is a breakthrough in Crossandra breeding. It has
greatly improved root system, which makes the plant
far more resistant to temperature fluctuations. It has
more lavish flowering, glossier foliage, brighter
coloured flowers and the extended life of the plant.
 
It has a longer flowering period as the entire spike
flowers so that the plant retains its ornamental value
longer.

12. Diane:
•A new and distinct cultivar of Crossandra infundibuliformis to
be known as `Diane`, having larger sized and more broadly
shaped leaves,.
•More robust and compact habit of growth and its flowers color
is a dark, richer shade of salmon orange.
•Petals are more rounded and larger in size than those of the
commonly cultivated variety.

13. Induced mutation
•Kanakadhara:
•It is a mutant of Delhi crossandra, developed using sodium
azide.
•It produced brilliant orange flowers of normal size, and it had
unique floral characteristics.
•It can yield 25 per cent more flowers than Delhi crossandra.
propagated vegetatively for distribution to the growers.

14. •Raj Kankambaram:
•It is a mutant of Delhi crossandra, and it has leaf
variations.
•Its inflorescence is also long (15 cm), and it produces
deep orange flowers.
•It also yields upto 75 kg flowers daily per hectare
under sound management practices.
•``The attractive flowers of this variety will fetch as
high as Rs 200 per kg in the market''

15. Hybridisation
•The breeding work done at TNAU resulted in two hybrids.
•One resistant hybrid is developed from crossing between two
local types collected from Palani and madhuramalai hills.
•Flowers are large with very attractive with yellowish orange
petals.
•Highly tolerant to nematodes.
•Another hybrid was evolved by crossing the orange flowered
cv. with Sebaculis Red produces very attractive dark pink
flowers.

16. •Two hybrids were selected from IIHR Banglore
a)IIHR 2004-9: Crossandra hybrid with novel colour.
b)IIHR 2004-11:Crossandra hybrid with bigger sized
flowers.
•These
 
hybrids 
may be recommended for commercial
cultivation of loose flowers and potted plants. Since
the flowers are novel in colour and size they may
fetch fancy price in the market.

17. •There are unusual light green with violet color
flowers.
•There are others with saffron yellow, greenish
yellow, pink and white flowers.
•There are varieties of green leaves with creamy
veins.
• C. greenstockii is a wild sps.

18. Shamrock
crossandra