Breeds of cattle in india

Breeds of cattle which is more helpful to study breeds and to learn easily

1. DEPARTMENT OF LIVESTOCK PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT Topic: Breeds of Cattle Prepared by :VIKAS R. TAJANE BVC, MUMBAI

2. BREEDS OF CATTLE Milch Breeds 1) Gir 2) Sahiwal 3)Red Sindhi 4) Tharparker

3. Dual Purpose Breeds 1) Hariana 2) Ongole 3) Kankrej 4) Deoni 5) Nimari 6) Dangi 7) Mewati 8) Rathi

4. Drought purpose Breeds Hallikar Amritmahal Khillari Burger Nagori Bachaur Malvi Kenkatha Kherigarh Kangayan Ponwar Siri Gaolao Krishna valley Red Kandhari Vechur

5. Gir This breed is otherwise known as Desan, Gujarati, Kathiawari, Sorthi, and Surati. Originated in   Gir forests of South Kathiawar in Gujarat. Basic colours of skin are white with dark red or chocolate-brown patches or sometimes black or purely red. Horns are peculiarly curved, giving a ‘half moon’ appearance. Milk yield ranges from 1200-1800 kgs. Age at first calving 45-54 months and inter calving period from 515 to 600 days.

6. Sahiwal Originated in Montgomery district in present Pakistan. This breed otherwise known as Lola (loose skin), Lambi Bar, Montgomery, Multani , Teli . The colour is reddish dun or pale red, sometimes flashed with white patches. The average milk yield of this breed is between 2,725 and 3,175 kgs in lactation period of 300 days

7. Red Sindhi This breed is otherwise called as Red Karachi and Sindhi. This breed mostly found in Karachi and Hyderabad district of Pakistan. Colour is red with shades varying from dark red to light, strips of white. Milk yield ranges from 1100-2600 kgs. Widely used in crossbreeding programmes . Age at first calving 39-50 months and inter calving period from 425-540 days.

8.   Tharparkar Originated in   Tharparkar district of southeast Sind in Pakistan. Otherwise known as White Sindhi, Gray Sindhi and Thari . Body colour is white or light grey. The bullocks are quite suitable for ploughing and casting and the cows are good milch animals (1,800 – 2600 kgs). Age at first calving ranges from 38-42 months and inter calving period from 430 to 460 days.

9. Dual purpose breeds   Hariana It was originated from Rohtak , Hisar , Jind and Gurgaon districts of Haryana. Horns are small. The bullocks are good workers. Hariana cows are good milkers yielding on an average 1.5 kg/cow/day in a lactation period of 300 days. Average milk yield is 600 to 800 kgs per lactation. The age at first calving is 40-60 months.

10. Ongole Otherwise known as Nellore. Home tract is Ongole taluk in Gantur district of Andhra Pradesh. Large heavy muscular body. Forehead is broad with stumpy horn thick at base Hump is well developed Average milk yield is 1000 kgs. Age at first calving is 38-45 months with an intercalving period of 470 days.

11.   Kankrej It is otherwise called as Wadad or Waged, Wadhiar . Originated from Southeast Rann of Kutch of Gujarat and adjoining Rajasthan ( Barmer and Jodhpur district). Colour of the animal varies from silver-grey to iron-grey or steel black. The gait of Kankrej is peculiar called as 1 ¼ paces ( sawai chal ). Kankrej is valued for fast, powerful, draught cattle. Useful in ploughing and carting. The cows are good milkers , yielding about 1360 kgs.

12. DANGI The breeding tract of Dangi is Nasik, Ahmednagar districts of Maharashtra. Dangi breed is also known as “ Kandadi ”. Dangi cattle are extensively used for ploughing , harrowing and other field operations, and for carting timber from forest area. Dangi cattle have distinct white coat colour with red or black spots distributed unevenly over the body. Horns are short and thick with lateral pointing tips. Animals with inward pointing horns or  downward pointing horn tips are also available in sizable numbers . The head is usually small with a slightly protruding forehead. Average milk yield per lactation is 430 kilo grams with an average milk fat of 4.3%. The lactation milk yield ranges from 175 to 800 kg.

13. Deoni This breed otherwise known as Dongerpati , Dongari , Wannera , Waghyd , Balankya , Shevera . Originated in   Marathwada region of Maharashtra state and adjoining part of Karnataka and western Andhra Pradesh states. Body colour is usually spotted black and white. Horn covered outword and backwords , dip cheet and arched ribs, strong quarters, heavy dewlaps and pendulous sheath. Age at first calving ranges from 894 to 1540 days with an average of 1391 days. Milk yield ranges from 636 to 1230 kgs with an average of 940 days. Caving interval averages 447 days.

14. Rathi Rathi found in the arid regions of Rajasthan .. It takes its name from a pastoral tribe called Raths . The Breeding tract of this breed lies in the heart of Thar Desert consisting of Bikaner, Ganganagar and Jaisalmer districts of Rajasthan.   The animals are usually brown with white patches all over the body, but animals having completely brown or black coat with white patches are also seen. The Rathi cows are efficient and good milkers . The cows on an average produce 1560 kilo grams of milk.  The lactation milk yield ranges from 1062 to 2810 Kg. Selected cows have produced around 4800 Kg at farmer’s doorstep

15. Mewati Mewati , also known as “ Kosi ” or “ Mehwati ”, is a draught purpose breed. The breeding tyract includes Gurgaon and Faridabad districts of Haryana: Alwar and Bharatpur Districts of Rajasthan; and Mathura  District of Uttar Pradesh. Mewati cattle are powerful and docile, and are useful for heavy ploughing , carting and drawing water from deep wells. Mewati cattle are usually white with neck, shoulders and quarters of a darker shade. Horns are small to medium in size and emerge outwards, upwards and then inwards in majority of animals. However, in some animals the horns emerge outwards and upward. Tips of the horns are pointed. Face is long and narrow with straight, sometimes slightly bulging forehead. The average lactation yield reported is around 958 Kg.

16. Drought purpose   Hallikar Originated from the former princely state of Vijayanagarm , presently part of Karnataka. The colour is grey white. They are compact, muscular and medium size animal with long bulging forhead , Long horn with sharp pointed tip, long face and small ear. The breed is best known for its draught capacity and especially for its trotting ability.

17. Amritmahal Originated in Hassan, Chikmagalur and Chitradurga district of Karnataka. Amiritmahal are grey cattle but their shade varies from almost white to near black. Horns are long and end in sharp black points. Horns protruded backside Ears small and erect, dewlap small Poor milk producers.

18. Khillari Originated from   Sholapur districts of Maharashtra .   The typical Khillari animal is compact and tight skinned, with clean cut features and squarely developed hindquarters.  Horns are long and pointed and follow the backward curve of the forehead which are placed close together at the root with thick base. The ribs are well sprung and give the trunk a barrel shape. Grey-white in colour and have quick gait Average milk yield per lactation of Khillar cattle is 451 kg with an average milk fat of 4.2 %. The lactation yield ranges from 240 to 515 kilo grams

19. Kangayam Originated in Kangayam , Dharapuram , Perundurai , Erode, Bhavani and part of Gobichettipalayam taluk of Erode and Coimbatore district. Coat is red at birth, but changes to grey at about 6 months of age. Bulls are grey with dark colour in hump, fore and hind quarters. Bullocks are grey. Cows are grey or white. However, animals with red, black, fawn and broken colours are also observed. The eyes are dark and prominent with black rings around them.

20.   Bargur Found around Bargur hills in Bhavani taluk of Coimbtore district of Tamil nadu . Bargur cattle are of brown colour with white markings. Some white or dark brown animal are also seen. Animals are well built, compact and medium in size.

21. Umblachery It is otherwise called as   Jathi madu , Mottai madu , Molai madu , Therkathi madu . Originated in   Thanjavur , Thiruvarur and Nagappattinam districts of Tamil Nadu. Umblachery calves are generally red or brown at birth with all the characteristic white marking on the face, on limbs and tail. The practice of dehorning of bullocks is peculiar in Umblachery cattle.

22. Krishna Valley Originated from black cotton soil of the water shed of the river Krishna in Karnataka. Animals are large, having a massive frame with deep, loosely built short body. Tail almost reaches the ground. Common colour grey white with a darker shade on fore quarters and hind quarters in male. Adult females are more whitish in appearance. The bullocks of this breed are powerful animals useful for slow ploughing , and valued for their good working qualities. The cows are fair milkers , average yield being about 916 kgs during the lactation period.

23.   Kherigarh     Kherigarh is a draught purpose breed and the breeding tract includes “ Kheri ” district of Uttar Pradesh. The breed has been named after this area. The breed is also known by various names like “ Kheri ”, “ Kharigarh ” and “ Khari ”. The animals of this breed are small but active. Kherigarh have white coat colour . Some animals have grey colour distributed all over the body, especially on face. Horns are upstanding, curving outward and upward and thick at the base. The standard lactation milk yield ranges from 300 to 500 kilo grams :

24. NAGORI: The breeding tract of Nagori breed is Bikaner, Jodhpur and Nagaur district of Rajasthan . They are White in colour and are upstanding, very alert and agile animals with long and narrow face like that of a horse . Nagori cattle are fine, big, upstanding, active and docile, with white and grey colour . They have long, deep and powerful frames, with straight backs and well-developed quarters. The face is long and narrow but the forehead is flat and not so prominent. The eyelids are rather heavy and overhanging and the eyes are small, clear and bright. The ears are large and pendulous. The horns are moderate in size, emerge from the outer angles of the poll in an outward direction, and are carried upwards with a gentle curve to turn in at the points. They are famous as trotters and are used all over Rajputana of Rajasthan in light iron-wheeled carts for quick transportation. Average milk yield per lactation of Nagori cattle is 603 kg with an average milk fat of 5.8%. The lactation yield ranges from 479 to 905 kg.

25. Malvi Malvi is named after its place of origin  viz.  “ Malwa ” region. It is also known by synonyms as “ Mahadeo puri ” & “ Manthani ”. The breeding tract includes Rajgarh , Shajapur , Ratlam and Ujjain districts of Madhya Pradesh. Malvi cattle are white or white greyish - darker in males, with neck, shoulders, hump and quarters almost black. Cows and bullocks become nearly pure white with age.  The horns are curved and emerge from the outer angle of the poll in an outward and upward direction  and are about 20 - 25 cm in long. The animals are well known for quick transportation, endurance and ability to carry heavy load on rough roads. The animals of this breed are strong and well–built. The average milk yield in this breed is around 916 Kg per lactation with 4.3% fat   and ranges from 627 Kg to 1227 Kg.

26. Ponwar Ponwar , a draught breed of cattle from North India, It is also known as “ Purnea ”. Its breeding tract is the Pilibhit district of Uttar Pradesh. There is no particular pattern but black and white patches are intermixed. They possess medium sized horns, which generally emerge outward, upward and then curve inward with pointed tips. The animals behave in semi-wild manner and are tough to control . They move in groups putting their heads down in between each other which is a peculiar behavior that has emerged due to fear from predators. The animals are maintained in extensive management system, without provision of sheds and are raised entirely on grazing in forestland without feed supplementation. Females are generally not milked and calves are allowed to suckle the milk. Bullocks are fast movers and therefore used both for agricultural operations and transportation. Cows produces a fair amount of milk with an average yield of 459 Kg per lactation.

27. Bachaur The breeding tract of Bachaur cattle is Sitamarhi , Dharbanga and Madhubani district of Bihar. They are also known as “ Bhutia ”. The breed has very close similarity to the Hariana breed. The breed is primarily utilized for draft qualities and ability to thrive with lower quality feeds . Common colours of Bachaur cattle is grey or greyish white. They are compact with straight backs, well-rounded barrels, short necks and muscular shoulders. The forehead is broad and flat or slightly convex. The eyes are large and prominent. The horns are medium-sized and stumpy, curving outward, upward and downward. The breed is mainly used for work and bullocks can work for long periods without any break. Average milk yield per lactation of Bachaur cow is 347 kg with an average milk fat of 5 %. The lactation milk yield ranges from 225 to 630 kg.

28. Gaolao Gaolao is a breed of western and middle part of India and known for its agility. The breed is also known as “ Arvi ” and “ Gaulgani ”.  The breeding tract of the breed includes Balaghat , Chhindwara , Seoni districts of Madhya Pradesh; Durg and Rajnandgaon districts of Chattisgarh and Wardha and Nagpur districts of Maharashtra.  The breed is suitable for transportation in hilly areas. The coat colour is blackish white in males and white in females. Males are generally grey over the neck. Horns are short, stumpy and curved slightly backward. Head is markedly long and taper towards muzzle. Forehead recedes at the top giving a slightly convex appearance. Bullocks are trained for moving fast. The milk yield is low with an average of 604 kg per lactation with 4.32% fat (ranges between 470 to 725 kg per lactation).

29. Kenkatha  Also known as “ Kenwaria ”, the breeding tract comprises Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh and Lalitpur , Hamirpur and Banda districts of Uttar Pradesh.  Kenkatha breed  is maintained mainly for draught purpose  and are very popular for light draught on road and for cultivation . The animals are small, sturdy and powerful, varying in colour from grey on the barrel to dark grey on rest of the body . The horns emerge from the outer angles of the poll in forward direction and end in sharp points.  They are known for their peculiar characteristic to thrive on poor feed resources.

30. Red Kandhari Originated from Kandhar tehsil in Nanded district of Maharashtra, Red Kandhari is also known as “ Lakhalbunda ”. It is a draught breed of cattle. Its breeding tract comprises Ahmadnagar , Parbhani , Beed , Nanded and Latur districts of Maharashtra. The colour is uniform deep dark red, but variations from a dull red to almost brown are also found. Bulls are a shade darker than cows. Horns are evenly curved and medium sized. The bullocks are used for heavy agricultural work like ploughing and carting as well as for transportation. The cows produce fair quantity of milk with an average of 598 Kg per lactation with average fat percentage of 4.57%.

31. Siri Siri is a small sized draught purpose breed of hilly region of West Bengal and Sikkim. The breed is also known as “Trahbum”.  The breeding tract of the breed includes Darjeeling district of West Bengal and Sikkim.   The breed is either black or brown with white patches, though totally black or brown animals are also available. The hump is cervico-thoracic type with tuft of hair on it. Horns are medium sized and curved outward, forward and slightly upward with sharp and pointed tips . Animals are housed in slope of hills in open houses. The males are mainly reared for draught purpose in the hilly area and sometimes they are the only source of draught power . The breed produces very less amount of milk averaging around 425.8 kg per lactation with fat percentage varying from 2.8 to 5.5%.

32. Vechur Vechur is one of the dwarf cattle breeds of India, with an average length of 124 cm and height of 87 cm , it is considered to the smallest cattle breed in the world. It is known by the name of a place Vechur - a small place by the side of Vembanad lake near Vaikam in Kottayam district of Kerala. The animals are light red, black or fawn and white in colour . In bulls, colour in between fore and hindquarters is relatively dark or dark grey. Horns are small, thin curving forward and downward. In some cases, they are extremely small and are hardly visible. The animals are well adapted to the hot and humid climate of the area. The animals are maintained for manure and milk. Milk production is relatively higher than any other dwarf cattle. Average milk yield is 561 Kg per lactation  and the milk fat percent ranges from 4.7 to  5.8.

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