Brick walling and joints

Brick masonry bonds, various junctions in english & flemish bonds

1. Brick Walling and joints Ar. Sahil Pahal

2. Bond in Brick Masonry It is the arrangement of bricks in each layer to avoid the continuity of vertical joints in any two adjacent courses . Necessity of Bonds: Bond in brickwork is provided for the following reasons: To break the continuity of vertical joints in consecutive courses, To ensure longitudinal and lateral strength of the masonry work, To distribute the load uniformly over the structural mass, To ensure the quality of work, To ensure systematic work, To provide good aesthetics, To economize the work .

3. Requirements of Good Bond In Brick Work Bricks should be uniform in size. Mortar thickness should be consistent. Vertical joints in alternate courses should be in a single plumb line. Header should be exactly in the middle of stretcher in two consecutive courses. Brick bats should be avoided to the maximum.

4. Types of bonds: Stretcher Bond Header Bond English Bond Flemish Bond Facing Bond English Cross Bond Brick On Edge Bond Dutch Bond Raking Bond Zigzag Bond Garden Wall Bond Rat-trap Bond

5. 1. Stretcher Bond also known as Running Bond In this bond all the bricks are laid as stretchers on the faces of walls. This pattern is used only for half brick thick walls i.e. 9cm, such as partition walls, sleeper walls, division walls or chimney stacks. This bond is not possible if the thickness of wall is more.

6. Isometric view of L-junction Plan of 1,3,5…. courses Plan of 2,4,6…. courses

7. 2. Header Bond It is the bond in which all the bricks are laid as headers on the faces of walls. The pattern is used only when the thickness of the wall is full brick i.e. 18 cm. There is use of three-quarter bats in each alternate courses as quoins. This bond usually suitable in case of curved walls but is not preferred for straight walls as it does not have strength in the direction of the wall. Elevation Plan of 1,3,5…. courses Plan of 2,4,6…. courses

8. Isometric View Of L-junction Plan Of 1,3,5…. Courses Plan Of 2,4,6…. Courses Three Quarter Bats Three Quarter Bats

9. 3. English Bond This is the most commonly used bond, for all wall thicknesses. This bond is considered to be the strongest. This bond consists of alternate courses of headers and stretchers. In order to break vertical joints in the successive courses, it is essential to place queen closer after the first header (Quoin header) in each heading course.

10. Plan of 2,4,6…. courses Plan of 2,4,6…. courses Plan of 1,3,5…. courses Plan of 1,3,5…. courses

11. 4. Flemish Bond In this type of bond, each course is comprised of alternate headers and stretchers. Each alternate course starts with a header (Quoin header) at the corner. Quoin closers are placed next to the quoin header in alternate courses to develop the face lap. Every header is centrally supported over the stretcher below it.

12. 5. Facing Bond This bond is used where bricks of different sizes are to be used in the facing and backing of the wall. In this bond a header course is provided after several stretcher courses.

13. 6. English Cross Bond This is a modification of English bond, used to improve the appearance of the wall. In this bond, alternate courses of headers and stretchers are provided as in English bond. Queen closers are placed next to quoin headers. A header is introduced next to the quoin stretcher in every alternate stretcher course. Elevation Plan of 2,4,6….courses Plan of 1,5,9…..courses Plan of 3,7,11…..courses

14. 7. Brick on Edge Bond ( Silverlock’s Bond or Soldier’s course) This bond is inspired by English bond but in this bond the stretcher courses are replaced by laying the brick on edges and header courses laid on the beds. Queen closer is provided after quoin header in the header course. This type of bond is weak in strength but economical so usually used as garden walls, compound walls etc. Plan of 1,3,5….courses Elevation Plan of 2,4,6….courses

15. 8. Dutch Bond This is another modified form of English Bond. In this bond the corners of wall are strengthened by adding three-quarter bat as quoin for every stretcher course. Alternate courses are of headers and stretchers are provided as in English Bond. In every stretcher course, a header is placed next to the three-quarter brick quoin.

16. 9. Raking Bond This bond is used in thick walls. In this type of bond, the bonding bricks are kept at an inclination to the direction of the wall. Due to this, the longitudinal stability of thick wall built in English bond is increased. The bricks are arranged in inclined direction, in the space between the external stretchers of the wall. The raking or inclination should be in opposite direction in alternate courses of raking bond. Diagonal Bond

17. Raking bond is not provided in successive courses. It is provided at a regular interval of four to eight courses in the height of a wall. The raking course is generally provided between two stretcher courses of the wall having thickness equal to even multiple of half-bricks, to make the bond more effective . Types of Raking Bond: Diagonal Bond Herring-bone Bond Herring bone Bond

18. 10. Zigzag Bond This bond is similar to herring-bone bond, except that the bricks are laid in zigzag fashion. This bond is commonly used for making ornamental panels in the brick flooring or walls.

19. 11. Garden Wall Bond This type of bond is used for the construction of garden walls, boundary walls, compound walls, where the thickness of the wall is one brick thick and the height does not exceed two meters. This type of bond is not so strong as English bond but is more attractive. It is sometimes used in the construction of outer leaves of cavity walls. Garden wall bonds are of three types: Garden wall English bond Garden wall Flemish Bond Garden wall Monk Bond

20. 11.1 Garden Wall English Bond In this bond, the header course is provided only after three to five stretchers courses. In each header course, a quoin header is provided to provide necessary lap. In stretcher courses, quoin headers are placed in alternate courses.

21. 11.2 Garden wall Flemish Bond In this bond each course contains one header after three to five stretchers continuously placed, throughout the length of the course. Each alternate course contains a three-quarter brick bat placed next to the quoin header. This bond is also known as Scotch bond or Sussex bond .

22. 11.3 Garden wall Monk Bond This is special type of garden wall Flemish bond in which each course contains header after two successive stretchers. Every alternate course contains a quoin header followed by a three-quarter bat.

23. 12. Rat trap Bond This bond gives the same appearance as of Flemish bond but in this bond all the bricks are laid on there edges instead of beds. This bond uses less no of bricks in compare to the conventional techniques. It also provides the thermal insulation due to the presence of void in between.

24. L-Joints: 1.English Bond

25. 2. Double Flemish Bond

26. 3 . Single Flemish Bond

27. T-Joints: 1.English Bond

28. 2. Flemish Bond 2a. External Wall in Flemish Bond and internal in English Bond 2 b. External and internal Walls in Flemish Bond