Bricks

about types of bricks n bonds

1. BRICKS -MOHAMMEDHASAN

2. A  brick  is a  block  or a single unit of a kneaded  clay bearing soil, sand and lime, or concrete material, fire-hardened or air-dried, used in  masonry construction.

3. Good bricks are characteristics with good & uniform shape, correct rectangular shape and shard edges and uniform colour. Brick used for construction purpose should contain pure material instead unnecessary lime, impurities like organic material and must not have any kind of crack and distorted edges. Bricks are ideal only if they absorb not more than 20% of water after immersed in water for at least 24 hours. Ideally Bricks should contain appropriate composition of raw material in respect to clay 20 to 40%, sand 30 to 40% and silt 25 to 35 %. The actual size of a modular brick is 190mm x 90mm x 90mm With mortar thickness size of such brick becomes 200mm x 100 mm x 100 mm It is found that the weight of 1m of earth brick is about 1800kg Hence average weight of a brick will be about 3 to 3.50 kg

4. STRETCHER : This is a brick laid with its length parallel to the face or foot or direction of wall HEADER : This is a brick laid with its breadth or width parallel to the face or front or direction of wall

5. ARRISES : The edges formed by the intersection of planes of brick is called Arises BED : The lower surface of brick when laid flat is known as bed MASONRY : The construction process with bricks is called masonry

6. PERPENDS : The vertical joints separating bricks in either length or cross directions are known as perpends CLOSER:A piece of brick used to close up bond at end of brick courses is known as closer BAT : When a brick is cut across the width, the resulting piece is called  bat . Thus a bat is smaller in length than the full brick.

7. SOME IMPORTANT TERMS USED IN BRICK MASONRY QUEEN CLOSER QUEEN CLOSER QUARTER KING CLOSER BEVELLED CLOSER MITRED CLOSER HALF-BAT THREE QUARTER-BAT BEVELLEDBAT-LARGE BEVELLED BAT-SMALL BULL NOSE COW NOSE(DOUBLE BULL NOSE)

8. QUEEN CLOSER When a brick is cut along its length, making it two equal halves then it is called  queen closer . Thus a queen closer is a broken brick portion whose width is half as wide as the original brick. This is also called as  queen closer half .

9. QUEEN CLOSER QUARTER If a queen closer is broken into two equal pieces then it is known as  queen closer quarter . Such a closer is thus a brick piece which is one quarter of the brick size.

10. KING CLOSER If a brick is cut in such a way that the width of one end becomes half that of a full brick, while the width at the other end is equal to the full width, then it is called as  king closer . It is obtained by cutting out a triangular portion of the brick between the centre of one end (width side) and the centre of the other end (lay side). Thus it has half header and half stretcher face.

11. BEVELLED CLOSER It is a form of king closer in which the whole length of the brick (i.e. stretcher face) is chamfered or beveled in such a way that half width is maintained at one end and full width is maintained at the other end.

12. MITRED CLOSER It is a portion of a brick whose one end is cut splayed or mitred for full width. The angle of splay may vary from 45  to 60 . Thus one longer face of the mitred closer is of full length of the brick while the other longer face is smaller in length.

13. HALF-BAT If the length of the bat is equal to half the length of the original brick, it is known as  half bat .

14. THREE QUARTER-BAT When a brick is cut across the width, the resulting piece is called  bat . Thus a bat is smaller in length than the full brick.

15. BEVELLED BAT-LARGE It is obtained by cutting a portion of brick such that the three fourth part of one face of brick and the half part of the other face

16. BEVELLED BAT-SMALL It is obtained by cutting a portion of brick such that the half of one face of stretcher and the quarter of face of another stretcher of the same brick

17. BULL NOSE Bullnose brick is a style of brick that has one, some or all of its corners rounded off. These brick can be used to create soft and attractive curved edges to steps, sills, or in capping walls.

18. COW NOSE(DOUBLE BULL NOSE) A brick molded with a rounded angle is termed as a  bull nose.  It is used for a rounded quoin

19. BONDS IN BRICK WORK The different types of bond commonly adopted are : ENGLISH BOND FLEMISH BOND STRECHING BOND HEADING BOND GARDEN WALL BOND FACING BOND RAKING BOND DUTCH BOND ENGLISH CROSS BOND ZIG-ZAG BOND

20. ENGLISH BOND English bond  consists of alternate course of headers and stretches. In this English bond arrangement, vertical joints in the header courses come over each other and the vertical joints in the stretcher course are also in the same line. For the breaking of vertical joints in the successive course it is essential to place queen closer, after the first header in each heading course.

21. FLEMISH BOND This arrangement of bonding brick each course contains alternate headers and stretchers The alternate headers of each course are centered over stretchers Every alternate course starts with a header at corner

22. STRECHING BOND In this all bricks are laid as stretchers The over lapping of half brick is obtained by commencing each alternate course with a half brick bat This is also termed as running bond

23. HEADING BOND In this all bricks are laid as headers on faces The overlap which is usually of half the width of brick is obtained by introducing a three quarter bat in each alternative quoins These bonds are used in footings in foundations

24. GARDEN WALL BOND This is suitable for 1 brick thick wall This is not strong as English bond This is mainly used for constructing cavity walls There are two types of garden wall bonds ENGLISH GARDEN WALL BOND FLEMISH GARDEN WALL BOND

25. ENGLISH GARDEN WALL BOND This arrangement is similar to English bond except the heading courses are only inserted at every 4 th or 6 th course Usually it consists of one course of headers to 3 courses of stretchers A queen closer is laced next to quoin header

26. FLEMISH GARDEN WALL BOMD This consists of alternate course composed of one header to three or some times even five stretchers in series throughout length Each alternate course contains a three quarter bat placed next to a quoin header A header laid over middle of each central stretcher

27. FACING BOND This bond consists of heading and stretching courses arranged that one heading course comes after a stretching courses

28. RAKING BOND This is a bond in brick work in which bricks are laid at any angle other than zero or ninety degrees There are two common forms of racking bond; HEERING BOND DIAGONAL BOND

29. HEERING BOND This type of bond is suited for very thick walls usually not less than four bricks In this arrangement of brick work, bricks are laid in course at 45 degree in two directions form centre

30. DIAGONAL BOND This bond is best suited for walls This bond is usually introduced at every 5 th or 7 th course along height of wall In this bond, bricks are placed end to end in such a way that extreme corners of series remain in contact with stretchers

31. DUTCH BOND This bond is modification of old English cross bond of alternate courses of headers and stretchers Each stretching course starts at quoin with a three-quarter bat and every alternate stretching course has a header placed next to three-quarter brick bat

32. ENGLISH CROSS BOND This is similar to English bond Consists of alternate course of headers and stretcher Queen closer are introduced next to quoin headers and each alternate stretching has header placed next to quoin stretcher

33. ZIG-ZAG BOND This is similar to hearing bond In this bricks are laid in a zigzag fission