Bricks industry

About Bricks industry in India

1. BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 1 Bricks Industry In India

2. Contents INTTRODUCTION BRICK INDUSTRY INDIAN BRICK SECTOR BRICK MAKING IN INDIA MAKING PROCESS PROCUREMENT TEMPERING MOULDING DRYING FIRING SORTING CHALLENGES & ISSUES BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 2

3. INTRODUCTION 3 BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

4. very large and traditional industry in asia mechanized and fully automated process is used in developed countries high consumption of fuel The large scope of increasing efficiency of brick kilns. BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 4 BRICKS INDUSRY

5. Indian Brick sector BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 5 2 nd Largest producer in the world after China Estimated annual growth rate is 5-10% p.a. Estimated to employ around 10 million workers Have more than 100,000 bricks kilns Estimated production is 150-200 billion bricks annually

6. Brick Making in India BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 6 History of Brick Making A brick is a block made of clay burnt in a kiln. One of the oldest primary building materials known to mankind. Burnt bricks were used in ancient Indian, Babylon, Egypt and Roman civilizations.

7. Bricks BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 7 What is brick ? a small rectangular block typically made of fired or sun-dried clay, used as building material Types of bricks – Common Burnt Clay Bricks Sand Lime Bricks (Calcium Silicate Bricks) Engineering Bricks Concrete Bricks Fly ash Clay Bricks Temperature - 700-1100 ◦c Standard size – 190 x 90 x 60 mm

8. Classification of Bricks BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 8 First class bricks: Table moulded and of uniform ; surfaces and edges of the bricks are sharp, square, smooth and straight ; used for important work of permanent nature. Second class bricks: Ground moulded ; Surface & shape is slightly rough and irrregular :; may have hair cracks and their edges may not be sharp and uniform. These bricks are commonly used at places where brickwork is to be provided with a coat of plaster. Third class bricks: Ground-moulded and they are burnt in clamps; not very hard & have rough surfaces with irregular and blunt edges; used for unimportant works, temporary structures and at places where rainfall is not heavy. Fourth class bricks: Overburnt bricks with irregular shape and dark colour ;used as aggregate for concrete in   foundations, brick floors, surkhi, roads,

9. MAKING PROCESS 9 BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

10. Making The Bricks BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 10

11. Making of bricks – 1 st Stage BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 11 Procurement- Clay`s mine & Stored in the open ; This will makes the clay soft. Tempering- Clay is mixed with water to get right consistency for moulding

12. Making of bricks – 2 nd Stage BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 12 Moulding- Lump of mix is taken, rolled in sand & slapped into the mould. Drying- The mould is emptied onto the drying area, where the bricks are arranged in a herring bone pattern to dry in the sun. Every two days they are turned over to facilitate uniform drying and prevent warping. After two weeks they are ready to be burnt

13. Making of bricks – 3 rd Stage BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 13 Firing- The green bricks are arranged in a kiln and insulation is provided with a mud pack. Fire holes left to ignite the kiln are later sealed to keep the heat inside. Sorting- After the kiln is disassembled, the bricks are sorted according to colour. Colour is an indication of the level of burning

14. Bricks Kilns Producing 74 % of the country`s brick production Trench contains 200-300,000 bricks at a time 6-9 m wide, 2-2.5 m deep, and 100-150 m long 14 BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA Bull`s Trench Kiln (BTK) Bull`s Trench kiln (BTK)

15. Challenges & Issues in the Indian Brick Sector 15 BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA

16. Challenges & Issues BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 16 Acute environmental pollution Health issues for involved employs Outdated production methods High consumption of coal as fuel lack of availability of skilled man power Dominance of single raw material (clay) & product (solid clay brick)

17. What can we do ?? BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 17 We can purpose a better infrastcrue for bricks kilns which can be more economical . we can work on “ how to improve energy efficiency ? ” We can approach to control Environmental pollution - by substitution of fuel & their quality by substitution of raw materials By modification of process and process equipments

18. What can we do ?? BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 18 Adoption of cleaner kiln technologies (principally zig-zag and VSBK) Promotion of internal fuel in brick making by mechanizing the brick making process Promotion of mechanized coal stoking systems Diversifying products (e.g. production of hollow and perforated bricks) Promotion of modern renewable energy technologies in brick making

19. Thank you BRICKS INDUSTRY IN INDIA 19