Brief Introduction of Protein-Protein Interactions (PPIs)

For more information, please visit https://www.creative-proteomics.com/services/protein-protein-interaction-networks.htm. Protein-protein interactions play important roles in various biological processes. PPIs can be classified based on different factors, including composition, affinity, and lifetime.

1. Protein- Protein Interactions Biological Effects, Types, and Working as Drug Targets Creative Proteomics Presentation

2. Protein-Protein Interactions Protein-protein interactions ( PPIs) refer to intentional physical contacts established between two or more proteins as a result of biochemical events and/or electrostatic forces. Proteins , biomolecules or macromolecules, perform a wide range of functions in organisms . 1 Almost all of the cellular processes require that proteins specifically recognize a multitude of different interaction partners. 2 Proteins can carry out their roles by interacting with other molecules, including DNA, RNA, proteins, and small molecules. 3

3. Biological Effects of Protein-Protein Interactions 1 2 PPIs can alter the kinetic properities of enzymes, which may lead to subtle changes in substrate binding or allosteric effects . PPIs can act as a general mechanism to allow for substrate channeling by moving a substrate between domains or subunits. PPIs play important roles in various biological processes, including cell-to-cell interactions, cell cycle progression, signal transduction, and metabolic pathways.

4. Biological Effects of Protein-Protein Interactions 3 PPIs can create a novel binding site for small effectors molecules. PPI can inactivate or suppress a protein. PPI can change the specificity of a protein for its substrate by interacting with different binding partners In an upstream or a downstream event, PPIs can work as a regulatory role. 4 5 6

5. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions C omposition Affinity Lifetime

6. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions GroEL consists of 14 identical subunits of 57 kDa each forming two heptameric rings arranged back-to-back.  A chaperonin protein is formed by seven GroEL proteins associating as a homo-heptamer Several enzymes, carrier proteins, scaffolding proteins, and transcriptional regulatory factors carry out their functions as homo-oligomers.

7. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions Ku proteins, which are involved in DNA repair, are shown to bind DNA as obligate homodimers. Krishna S S, Aravind L. The bridge-region of the Ku superfamily is an atypical zinc ribbon domain. Journal of structural biology, 2010, 172(3): 294-299.

8. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions H-Ras protein, a G protein, can interchangeably form non-obligate complexes with guanosine triphosphatase (GTPase) activating proteins (GAPs ).

9. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions

10. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions Acuner Ozbabacan S E, Engin H B, Gursoy A, et al. Transient protein–protein interactions. Protein engineering, design and selection, 2011, 24(9): 635-648. Components are stable only in complex form. Association or dissociation takes place under certain triggers. Complexes are broken and formed continuously and Kd is in a micromolar range. The domain-peptide complexes are mostly transient

11. Types of the Protein-Protein Interactions

12. Protein-Protein Interactions in Drug Development Targeted modulation of PPIs with small molecules is one of the most promising approaches with more than 50 PPIs that have successfully been targeted with small molecules. Most of these are inhibitors of PPIs, but stabilization of PPIs is also a strategy for targeted PPI modulation.

13. Protein and Protein Interaction In Drug Development Competition Stabilization Competitive mode of inhibition Allosteric mode of inhibition Connectional mode of stabilization Allosteric mode of stabilization Compounds have different modes of action on PPIs.

14. Protein-Protein Interactions Services Our Services 01 Co-immunoprecipitation 05 Far-Western Blot Analysis 02 Pull-Down Assay 03 Crosslinking Protein Interaction Analysis 04 Label Transfer Protein Interaction Analysis At Creative Proteomics, our team of experts with extensive experience can help you understand what you are trying to investigate and give you the most appropriate solutions about protein and protein interactions.

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