Brief Introduction to Endocrinology.pptx

*Introduction to Endocrinology
*Endocrinology
*Hormone
*Glands (Exocrine, Endocrine, Heterocrine)
*Types of Communication Pathways (Autocrine signaling, Paracrine signaling, Endocrine signaling)
*Endocrine system
*Glands of Endocrine system

1. Introduction to Endocrinology

2. Endocrinology Endocrinology  (from  endocrine  +  -ology ) is a branch of biology and medicine dealing with the endocrine system, its diseases, and its specific secretions known as hormones . Simply put, endocrinology is the study of endocrine glands. Endocrine glands are a group of glands in the body which secrete  hormones . The purpose of the secreted hormones is to evoke a specific response in other cells of the body which are located far away.

3. The endocrine system involves a number of feedback mechanisms, so that often one hormone (such as thyroid stimulating hormone) will control the action or release of another secondary hormone (such as thyroid hormone). If there is too much of the secondary hormone, it may provide negative feedback to the primary hormone, maintaining homeostasis.

4. Hormone Hormone is a molecule that is produced by an endocrine gland secreted to the blood circulation and transported to other parts of the body, and recognized there by a specific receptor protein. The association of hormone with receptor induces in the target organ a functional change, which is the biological action of the hormone. These actions maintain the normal functional balance of the organism, i.e., homeostasis. Aberrations from normal in hormone secretion or action are the main causes of hormonal or endocrine diseases.

5. GLANDS:

6. Exocrine Glands Exocrine glands are glands that secrete their products into ducts. EXAMPLE: Sweat glands Salivary glands Mammary glands Stomach Liver

7. Endocrine Glands Glands that secrete their products (hormones) directly into the blood rather than through a duct. EXAMPLE: Pituitary gland Pancreas Thyroid gland Adrenal glands

8. Heterocrine Glands These are glands that perform both exocrine and endocrine function. For example Pancreas

9. Types of Communication Pathways Autocrine signaling: a cell releases a chemical that binds onto a receptor on that same cell and exhibits some type of response. This can be seen in the immune system.

10. Paracrine signaling: a cell releases a chemical into the extracellular fluid, which goes on to affect another cell that is in close proximity. E xample of paracrine signaling is the transfer of signals across synapses between nerve cells.

11. Endocrine signaling: a cell releases a hormone that enters the blood or lymph system and travels a long distance to affect cells.

12. Endocrine System

13. Glands of Endocrine System It consists of the following glands Pituitary gland Adrenal gland Thyroid gland Parathyroid gland Pancreas Gonads GIT Renal gland Pineal gland