Brief Review of GEOPOLYMER uses in civil Engg.pptx

Brief Review of GEOPOLYMER uses in civil Engg

1. Presented By : GEOPOLYMER Department of Civil Engineering Indira College of Engineering and Management Pune. Project Guide: ( Prof. Shreyas Satpute ) Student Name – Dhanaraj G Raut

2. CONTENT INTRODUCTION SHORT DESCRIPTION IMPORTANCE AND BENEFITS LIMITATIONS SCOPE OF WORK LITERATURE SURVEY DHANARAJ RAUT 2

3. INTRODUCTION Geopolymers are a class of inorganic polymers that are formed through the polymerization of aluminosilicate materials in an alkaline or acidic medium. The term "geopolymer" was coined by Joseph Davidovits in the late 1970s to describe these materials, which are characterized by their covalently bonded, non-crystalline (amorphous) networks. Geopolymers are a type of advanced, sustainable material that can serve as an alternative to traditional Portland cement. They are formed through the polymerization of aluminosilicate materials, creating a network of covalent bonds that impart unique properties Geopolymer concrete (GPC) serves multiple purposes in modern construction, primarily focusing on sustainability and performance. 

4. SHORT DESCRIPTION DHANARAJ RAUT 4 Raw Materials : Geopolymers are typically made from aluminosilicate materials such as fly ash (a by-product of coal combustion), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), metakaolin (calcined clay), and natural minerals. These materials contain aluminium (Al) and silicon (Si), which are essential for geopolymerization. Activation: The raw materials are mixed with an alkaline activator, such as sodium hydroxide (NaOH) or potassium hydroxide (KOH), and a silicate solution (like sodium silicate). The alkaline activator dissolves the aluminosilicate materials, allowing them to react and form a polymeric network. Polymerization : The process involves the polymerization of the dissolved materials, which results in the formation of a three-dimensional network of aluminosilicate chains. This network gives geopolymers their strength and durability.

5. IMPORTANCE & BENEFITS Environmental Benefits Reduced Carbon Footprint : The production of geopolymers typically involves lower CO2 emissions compared to Portland cement. This is because the raw materials used are often industrial by-products, and the production process does not involve the high-temperature calcination of limestone that is required for cement. Utilization of Waste Materials: Geopolymers can incorporate industrial waste products such as fly ash and slag, which helps reduce the amount of waste sent to landfills and makes use of materials that would otherwise be discarded. DHANARAJ RAUT 5

6. LIMITATIONS 1. Cost: Raw Material Costs: While waste materials like fly ash and slag can be relatively inexpensive, the cost of alkaline activators can contribute to higher overall production costs. 2. Workability and Rheology: Consistency: Geopolymer pastes can be more viscous and less workable compared to traditional concrete, which can affect construction processes. Setting Time: Controlling the setting time of geopolymer mixtures can be challenging, especially in hot weather conditions. 3. Durability: Long-Term Performance: While geopolymers often exhibit good initial durability, long-term performance under various environmental conditions still requires extensive testing. Chemical Attack: Some geopolymer materials may be susceptible to chemical attack, particularly in aggressive environments. Smruti P, Trupti G, Ankit M, Digvijay G 6

7. 4. Standardization: Lack of Uniformity: The lack of standardized production methods and quality control can lead to variability in geopolymer properties. Regulatory Challenges: Obtaining regulatory approvals for geopolymer materials can be time-consuming and complex. 5. Scaling Up Production: Industrial Implementation: Transitioning from laboratory-scale production to large-scale industrial implementation can pose challenges in terms of equipment, process control, and quality assurance. Smruti P, Trupti G, Ankit M, Digvijay G 7

8. SCOPE OF THE WORK FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH:- DHANARAJ RAUT 8 Material Properties: Investigate the effects of different alkaline activators on geopolymer formation and properties. Reaction Mechanisms: Explore the structural formation and bonding within geopolymer networks. Physical and Chemical Properties: Evaluate mechanical properties like compressive strength, tensile strength, and hardness. 2. Material Development New Formulation: Optimize mix designs to enhance performance characteristics for specific applications. Sustainability Improvements: Develop geopolymers with improved environmental performance, such as reduced CO2 emissions or better waste utilization.

9. LITERATURE REVIEW Sr No. Title Author Year Designation Summary 1. Geopolymers: Structures, Processing, Properties, and Industrial Applications J.L. Provis , J.S.J. van Deventer 2009 J.L. Provis : Professor, Department of Materials Science, University of SheffieldJ.S.J . van Deventer: Professor of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne This paper provides an overview of the structure, processing methods, and properties of geopolymers. The authors discuss the potential industrial applications, focusing on their use as sustainable construction materials. The paper highlights the benefits of geopolymers, such as low CO2 emissions and the ability to recycle industrial by-products. DHANARAJ RAUT 9

10. LITERATURE REVIEW Sr No. Title Author Year Designation Summary 2. Durability of Geopolymer Concrete: A Critical Review P.K. Sarker, S. Kelly, Z. Yao 2014 P.K. Sarker: Associate Professor, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin UniversityS . Kelly: Research Fellow, School of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Curtin University This paper critically reviews the durability of geopolymer concrete, comparing it with conventional Portland cement concrete. The authors explore the resistance of geopolymer concrete to chemical attacks, freeze-thaw cycles, and high temperatures. The review concludes that while geopolymer concrete has superior durability in certain aspects, further research is needed to optimize its properties. DHANARAJ RAUT 10

11. LITERATURE REVIEW Dhanaraj Raut 11 SR.NO TITLE AUTHOR YEAR SUMMARY 3. Fly Ash-Based Geopolymers: Performance and Applications Jannie S. van Deventer, Ph.D. (Professor, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Melbourne) David J. Provis , Ph.D. (Professor, Department of Materials Science, University of Sheffield) JULY 2017 This paper explores the synthesis and performance of fly ash-based geopolymers. The study investigates mechanical properties, curing conditions, and durability, with a focus on the application of geopolymers in concrete construction. Results show enhanced durability under aggressive environments, making fly ash geopolymers suitable for infrastructure applications.

12. LITERATURE REVIEW Dhanaraj Raut 12 Sr No. Title Author Year Summary 4. Durability of Geopolymers in Aggressive Environments Mark A. Schneider, Ph.D. (Senior Researcher, Institute of Building Materials, ETH Zurich) Li Xue, M.Sc. (Graduate Research Assistant, ETH Zurich) February 2021 This paper investigates the long-term durability of geopolymers exposed to harsh environments such as acidic solutions and high salinity. The researchers conducted a series of durability tests to evaluate resistance to corrosion, freeze-thaw cycles, and carbonation. The study concludes that geopolymers outperformed traditional cement-based materials in terms of resistance to degradation under aggressive conditions.

13. LITERATURE REVIEW Dhanaraj Raut 13 Sr No. Title Author Year Summary 5. Geopolymer Concrete Reinforced with Natural Fibers for Sustainable Construction Elena M. Palomo , Ph.D. (Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid) May 2020 This research focuses on the use of natural fibers (such as sisal and hemp) to reinforce geopolymer concrete, improving its tensile strength and flexibility. The paper presents the performance of geopolymer composites under various load conditions and discusses their potential as a sustainable alternative to synthetic fiber-reinforced concretes. The findings suggest improved crack resistance and mechanical properties in fiber-reinforced geopolymer concrete.

14. DHANARAJ RAUT 14