Broiler breeder brooding management.pptx

Livestock management (Breeder management 001-00603)

1. Broiler Breeder brooding Management DR MD SAFIUL ALAM BHUIYAN DVM, MS, PhD

2. CLASSIFICATION OF BROODING:  Brooding can be classified into two classes: o Natural brooding o Artificial brooding Electricity incubator Gas incubator Brooding Management

3. Dr Safiul, UMS (FPL) Overall Brooding Management

4. Key point of brooding Management

5. The first 3 weeks are devoted to the development of the organs and the immune system. From week 3 to week 6, skeleton and muscles are growing. Bodyweight at 5/6 weeks is the most important determinant of pullet quality. The houses should have been cleaned, disinfected and empty for at least 14 days. The houses and its content should be dry before the new chicks come in. Start the heating system 24 to 36 hours before the chicks arrive (depending on climatic conditions). The brooder area and litter area should be warm enough with a constant temperature in the range of 33 – 35°C when the chicks arrive. Flush water lines prior to arrival of the chicks, make sure no disinfectant is left in the water lines when the chicks arrive. Make sure that the nipples and round drinkers are at the correct height: nipples should be at eye level of the chicks and round drinkers on the floor. Key point of brooding

6. Temperature adjust properly Temperature

7. Cloacal temperature Chick temperature is between 40 – 41 °C after the moment of full homeothermy. During the first week of life chicks are unable to  control their body temperature  and it varies according to the ambient temperature. This information can be used to adjust house temperatures optimally. Use modern ear thermometers (see picture). 1. Make sure the collection samples of chicks from different parts of the house. Sample chicks distributed throughout the house for reliable readings. 2. Check their cloacal temperature. 3. Collect the information, calculate the average and adjust the house temperatures accordingly to achieve optimal chick temperatures. Important!   A chick’s body temperature does not correlate with the current temperature but with the temperature of the last few hours. Temperature

8. Dr Safiul, UMS (FPL) The temperature should be between 34 – 36 °C for the first few days. Correct temperature:  Chicks will be well distributed and active. Low temperature:  Chicks will group together, and sound stressed. High temperature:  Chicks will group in the coldest places, are inactive and pant. Pasted vents may indicate a too high or too low temperature. After two or three days, decrease the temperature by 0.5 °C every day. Be aware that the best indicator is chick behavior. Check the flock every time you change your settings. If the house temperature is not uniform, take corrective measures by changing heaters and ventilation parameters. Temperature recommendation Temperature

9. Dr Safiul, UMS (FPL) Temperature

10. Dr Safiul, UMS (FPL) Whole House Brooding Spot Brooding Brooding temperature Management

11. Dr Safiul, UMS (FPL)

12. Feed and watering system Drinker lines should be flushed and sanitized prior to bird arrival. The water quality, purity, and temperature must be checked in advance. Water should be within the correct temperature range (65–75ºF; 18 –24º C ). Contaminated water can spread disease and cause diarrhea, leading to dehydration and death in younger flocks. All chicks must be able to eat and drink immediately on placement in the house. Monitor the water consumption and Avoid water spillage by the chicks as this will maintain litter quality Ideally, the chicks should be placed at the farm and provided water and feed in less than 8 hours from time of hatch. Longer delays could lead to dehydration and chick weight shrinkage If the chicks have been in transport for a long period (3 hrs. up), providing water for the first 3 or 4 hours, and then providing feed is suggested. The chicks should be encouraged to consume water as soon as possible and remind to add some sort of sweetener substance, like sugar to the water (4% solution) for the first few hours of life. The sugar helps to replenish the depleted energy in the chicks and can also may loosen up the impacted intestine and prepare the gut linings for the incoming feed. After the addition of sugar, it is recommended to add a vitamin supplement to the water for the first three days of life, to boost the chicks' vitality.

13. With the exception of water vaccination time, drinking water must be adequately chlorinated. The chlorine level at the drinker level should be 1 PPM-nipple drinkers, 3 P PM-plasson drinkers, and 3PPM-trough drinkers Put paper under the nipples to attract the chicks and put extra feed on the paper or in cardboard trays. A newly hatched chick is 85% water. When 10% of this water is lost, it becomes a cull chick, and when there is 20% dehydration , the chick could die . It is important to hydrate the chick adequately and promptly. This will promote feed consumption and better body weights. A broiler chick should be able to quadruple (4x) the post-hatch body weight by seven days of age. Let's say DOC= 40g and weight should be 7 Days=160g In hot conditions, be careful not to let water temperature increase too much, as this may reduce the feed intake of the chicks. Regularly flush the water lines to maintain the temperature. Always keep the drinkers clean, for the first 2 weeks, they should be cleaned at least daily. If the chicks have been infrared beak treated in the hatchery, it is very important to use sideways activated nipples (360°) or nipple drinkers with cups and to use supplementary starting mini drinkers. Put paper under the nipples to attract the chicks and put extra feed on the paper or in cardboard trays. Check that all the birds, even the smaller ones, have access to feed and water. Feed and watering system

14. Dr Safiul, UMS (FPL) Crop fill measurement Crop fill measurement is a good tool to check if the chicks are eating in the first two days of life. 1: Sample around 50 – 60 chicks. Take them randomly from around the house to ensure a reliable overview. 2: Gently feel the crop. 3. The crop should be full, soft and rounded in started chicks. 4. Check the result according to the time after placement. If the result is below target, check the brooding conditions and take corrective measures. Correct crop filling Incorrect crop filling U nuniform Distributing Feed and watering system

15. How to achieve 4x body weight Proper Feed Allocation X X OK Light Intensity at least 20 lux at feeder level Feed and watering system

16. Supplemental feeders should be filled and placed in the brooding area in a proper ratio (e.g. with box lids – 1/100 chicks). If the mixing of chicks from different age breeder flocks is unavoidable, chicks should be grouped by breeder age as much as possible To monitor adequate energy intake and monitoring the clean up time, feed amount, physical feed forms, nutrient density, ingredients quality and texture. Any change of clean up time possible causes should be investigated. Crumbles Pellets Mash Feed Week Starter ~ 5 weeks Grower 6 ~ 18 weeks Laying 19 ~ 65 weeks Feeding /Nutrition

17. Water and feed available all the time Nipple height monitoring frequently Feed and watering system

18. Be aware that temperature and humidity are related. With lower humidity , chicks may dehydrate or damage their respiratory tract. High humidity causes problem of wet litter A layer of 4-5 cm of suitable litter material (saw dust) should be spread con floor as bedding material in deep litter system of rearing. Minimum need 3-5 air exchange/h. Increase ammonia (25 ppm normal) level in brooder house leading to irritation of eye. Humidity and good ventilation

19. The light intensity should be between 30 – 50 lux during the first week. This should be measured at drinker level. Light should be spread uniformly throughout the entire cage. It is important to avoid shady and dark areas in the brooding cage. Lighting system INTERMITTENT LIGHTING PROGRAM NON-INTERMITTENT LIGHTING PROGRAM

20. Special care should be provided to the chicks in the days following beak treatment: Monitor water intake. It will be reduced for 2 or 3 days but then the previous intake should be recovered. Reducing the water pressure in the nipple drinker lines could be useful. Use additional drinkers if necessary. Increase the house temperature until the chicks seem comfortable. Increase the feed level in the feeders. Add Vitamin K to the diet or drinking water a few days before and after beak treatment. Debeaking management

21. Diseases of brooder chicks Aspergillosis Also called brooder pneumonia, this disease is caused by a fungus. Infected chicks will lose their appetites but have increased thirst, and they may also begin gasping or show convulsions. Keeping a clean brooder, including all bedding, waterers and dishes, as well as improving ventilation in the area will help minimize this disease. RotGut This bacterial infection causes rotten-smelling diarrhea and signs of listlessness or depression in infected chicks. The infection spreads largely through overcrowding and keeping chicks in a properly-sized brooder will help reduce the risk of infection. Regular cleaning and antibiotics is essential to minimize the disease, Infectious Bronchitis This cold-like illness shows symptoms such as gasping and other respiratory trouble, sneezing, watery eye or nasal discharge and loss of appetite. Raising the temperature in the brooder slightly (3-5 degrees) can help chicks better resist the infection, and offering a warm, moist mash will help them eat properly as they recover.   Omphalitis Omphalitis the navel may be inflamed and fail to close, presenting a wet spot on the abdomen; a scab may be present. Affected birds are depressed and anorexic and huddle near heat sources with a drooping head. They fail to gain weight, and there is increased mortality from hatch to two weeks of age