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1. Bronfenbrenner's
Ecological Theory

2. Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Systems
theory explains that a child's development is
shaped by interacting layers of their
environment, including family, community,
and society, while also acknowledging the
child's biological influence. Changes in any of
these layers can impact the child's overall
development.

3. Bronfenbrenner's Bioecological Model:
Structure of Environment
* MICROSYSTEMS
* MESOSYSTEM
* EXOSYSTEM
* MACROSYSTEM
* CHRONOSYSTEM

4. The microsystem, encompassing a child's immediate
environment, includes relationships and interactions
with family, school, and neighborhood. Its structures
are influenced by both the child and those they
interact with.
MICROSYSTEM

5. This layer serves as the connection between
the structures of the child's microsystem For example,
the mess system will iclude the link or interaction
between the parents and teachers, or the parent and
health services or the commmmity and the church
MESOSYSTEM

6. The exosystem refers to the larger social system
that influences a child's development by affecting
their microsystem. This layer includes the city,
government, workplace, and mass media. The child
may not directly interact with the exosystem, but
may feel the positive or negative impact it creates
on their own system.
EXOSYSTEM

7. The macrosystem, encompassing cultural values,
customs, and laws, influences interactions in the child's
environment. It influences individual beliefs and
development. For instance, in Western countries, young
people are expected to be independent, while in Asian
countries, parents support their children for longer
periods. Differences in beliefs and customs lead to
different child-rearing practices and development.
MACROSYSTEM

8. The chronosystem refers to a child's environment,
affecting their growth and development. Research
shows both biology and environment play a role, with
ecological systems theory focusing on the quality and
context of a child's environment, highlighting the
complex interplay between physical and cognitive
structures.
CHRONOSYSTEM

9. Bronfenbrenner, co-founder of Head Start, argued
that family life's absence negatively impacts a child's
development. He suggested that broken relationships
in the immediate mnemonic system lead to anti-social
behavior and self-discipline. Schools and teachers
should nurture families.
The Role of School and Teachers