Brucellosis.PPT[2].pptx medical management

medical condition

1. By EMMANUEL WEKESA BRUCELLOSIS

2. Brucellosis -is a systemic bacterial disease with acute and insidous onset transmitted to humans from infected animals Cause- Brucella species (an aerobic gram negative intracellular bacteria.) The common infectious agents and their reservoirs include; 1.B.melitensis-most common in sheep,goats,camel 2.B.abortus-cattle 3.B.canis-dogs 4.B.suis -pigs

3. TRANSMISSION Through contact with secretions and excretions, aborted fetuses and placentas from infected animals. Through ingestion of raw meat, blood and dairy products of infected animals. Through inhalation of aerosolized infectious materials especially in laboratories and abbatoirs . *Incubation period is 1 to 3 weeks.*

4. Signs and symptoms *Abrupt and sudden onset of s/s like; Fever,Chills,Severe Headache,Joint and L ow-back pain,Malaise,Diarrhoea,Weight loss,Sore throat and Dry cough. *As the disease progresses,fevers can elevate to 40-41 degree celcius but subsides gradually to normal or near normal levels,with profuse sweating in the morning.

5. Diagnosis History Taking-To evaluate for exposure and consistent clinical features. Serology-shows raised levels of B.agglutinin . Blood,Bone Marrow or Cerebrospinal fluid cultures.

6. Management ANTIBIOTICS; Doxycycline + Aminoglycosides for 2weeks,then Doxycycline + Rifampin or Ciprofloxacin for 4-8 weeks. In pregnancy and children less than 7 years,give Bacterium and Rifampin for 8-12weeks Pain management with analgesics. Bed rest and activity restriction during acute cases. Surgery is indicated in Brucellosis endocarditis. *4-14 days after intiation of therapy,patients become afebrile and constitutional symptoms disappear but hepatosplenomegally return to normal size within 2-4 weeks.

7. Prevention and control 1.Control depends on elimination of the disease among domestic animals. 2.Educate people not to drink milk from infected animals and milk products from infected milk. 3.Pasteurize milk,cook meat and bone well before consumption.

8. 4.Proper disposal of placenta,discharges or fetuses from aborted animals. 5.Disinfect contaminated surfaces. 6.Educate farmers,butchers,slaughterhouse and meat processing plant workers on the nature of the disease and the risk in handling carcasses and products of potentially infected animals.

9. Referrences Allardet-Servent A, Bourg G, Ramuz M. et al. DNA polymorphism in strains of the genus Brucella. J Bacteriol. 1988;170:4603. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Alton GG, Jones LM, Angus RD et al: Techniques for the brucellosis laboratory. INRA, Paris, 1988 . Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv 1,2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis and Brucella suis bv. 1 by PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 1994;32:2660. [PMC free article] [PubMed] Chomel BB, DeBess EE, Mangiamele DM. Changing trends in the epidemiology of human brucellosis in California from 173 to 1992: a shift towards foodborne transmission. J Infect Dis. 1994;170:1216. [PubMed] Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Brucellosis: Sixth Report, Technical Report Series 740, World Health Organization, Geneva, 1986 . [PubMed] Lang R, Shasha B, Ifrach N. et al. Therapeutic effects of roxithromycin and azithromycin in experimental murine brucellosis. Chemotherapy. 1994;40:252. [PubMed] Montejo JM, Alberda I, Glez-Zarate P. et al. Open, randomized therapeutic trial of six antimicrobial regimens in the treatment of human brucellosis. Clin Infect Dis. 1993;16:671. [PubMed] Spink, WW: The Nature of Brucellosis. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 1956 . Young, EJ, Corbel, MJ (eds): Brucellosis: Clinical and Laboratory aspects. CRC Press, Boca Raton, 1989 .