Bryophyte

Bryophyte classification and general

1. Bryophyte An amphibian of plant kingdom Dr. Manoj Joshi Department of botany Khandelwal College of Science and technology

2. Bryophyte Bryon= Moss Phyton = Plants Intermediate between thallophyta and Pteridophyta Known of plant amphibians. Represent 960 Genera and 24,000 species Wide range of habit and habitat Riccia f luitans = submerged Ricciocarpus natans =submerged Porella p latyphylla =Scanty soil, Moist rock Dendroceros = Epiphytic moss Buxbaumia minakate B. aphylla Cryptothallus mirabilis Saprophytic Bryophyte

3. Fossil Bryophyte Coenozoic era = Mucites yallournensis Jugermannites Mesozoic era= Sphagnum sp., Ricciopsis sp., Palaeozoic era= Intia vermicularia , I faciformis

4. Evolution of Plants

5. The 24,000 bryophyte species, sometimes grouped into a single phylum are now grouped in three phyla: Mosses ( Bryophyta ), Liverworts ( Hepatophyta ) and Hornworts ( Anthoceraphyta ). They reproduce by spores , never have flowers, and can be found growing on the ground, on rocks, and on other plants.

6. Three groups Mosses ( Bryophyta ), Liverworts ( Hepatophyta ) Hornworts ( Anthoceraphyta )

7. General Characters of bryophyte Heteromorphic : 1:Gametophic Phase 2:Sporophytic Phase

8. Gametophytic Stage Large Long lived Independent Green Free branched

9. Sporophytic Phase Short live Dependent on gametophyte Sporangium develop by embryo on gametophyte Sporophyte divided into foot seta capsule

10. Capsule

11. Capsule have sporogenous cell which give rise new spore . After reductional devision haploid spore are formed. All spore are same in shape and size Spore are non motile & disseminated by wind

12. Alternation of generation Life cycle of bryophyte represent by two distinct phase 1) one is independent autotrophic haploid gametophytic phase . Its develop male and female gametes fuse and give rise diploid zygote which function as a mother cell for sporophytic phase 2) Second is sporophytic phase .