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1. PRESENT STATUS OF BT BRINJAL

2. FSB Damage

3. Shoot damage Fruit Damage 50 - 90% of damage is caused by fruit and shoot borer

4. Why we need Bt brinjal ?? No natural resistance in germplasm Limited success with traditional management strategies Huge use of pesticides results in development of resistance in insects Harmful effects on environment, health of farmer and consumers Bt brinjal has potential to provide economic and health benefits

5. Benefits to farmers Farmers are expected to benefit at multiple levels. Some of these include: 1) Considerable reduction in cost of production by saving on cost of insecticides and lower labor cost as a result of reduced spraying. 2) Manifold increase in yield per unit area by saving fruits from damage caused by FSB. 3) Significant improvement in marketable fruits thereby increasing income per unit area. 4) Reduction in direct exposure to insecticides leading to lesser health problems.

6. Benefits to ecology and environment 1) Reduction in pesticide residues in soil and water in brinjal fields. 2) Lesser pollution of air and local environment due to decreased use of insecticides. 3) Protection of naturally occurring predators and parasitoids and other beneficial organisms due to reduced use of insecticides. 4) Reduction in soil and ground-water contamination. 5) Safeguarding soil microflora and invertebrates from damage caused by unintended and excessive use of insecticides. 

7. Development of Bt Brinjal .. Bt brinjal, Event EE1 developed by: The Maharashtra Hybrid Seeds Company Ltd. ( Mahyco ), Mumbai, a subsidiary of Monsanto Company, and The University of Agricultural Sciences (UAS), Dharwad and The Tamil Nadu Agricultural University (TNAU), Coimbatore . 15

8. Mahyco’s Presentation .. Mahyco presented its various test results from 2000 to 2006 on Bt Brinjal on May 26 2006, and concluded that The target pest is controlled by Bt brinjal . Biosafety studies conducted till date show no significant differences between Bt and non-Bt brinjal ICEIPM Conference - NACETEM, Ife Ife, Nigeria 16

9. Regulatory Framework At Central Level Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) under Ministry of Environment and forests ( MoEF ) for approval of activities involving large scale use of hazardous microorganisms and recombinants in research and industrial production from the environmental angle including field trials Review Committee on Genetic Manipulation (RCGM) & Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee (RDAC) under Department of Biotechnology (DBT) Ministry of Science and Technology - with the mandate to monitor safety aspects of ongoing research projects and activities involving such genetically engineered organisms and also to recommend appropriate safety regulations for India. ICEIPM Conference - NACETEM, Ife Ife , Nigeria 17

10. Regulation.. At State and District Level Institutional Biosafety Committee (IBSC) State Biotechnology Coordination Committee (SBCC) District Level Committee (DLC) Food Regulatory Authority of India – to monitor and trace the GM foods – Labeling for consumer choice and citizen rights ICEIPM Conference - NACETEM, Ife Ife, Nigeria 18

11. ICEIPM Conference - NACETEM, Ife Ife, Nigeria 19 Scientific Validations Environment Health Issues Technology Biodiversity Insect Resistance Gene transfer to humans / animals and other living systems Toxins and Allergens Transformation Systems Antibiotic marker systems

12. ICEIPM Conference - NACETEM, Ife Ife, Nigeria 20 Socio-economic issues Food security Regulatory issues Small Farmer Affordability TNCs Ownership / IPR issues Socioeconomic Issues in Commercialization of Bt Brinjal GM Labeling - Infrastructure

13. GEAC Recommendations .. Decisions taken in the 97th Meeting of the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) held on October 14.2009. After detailed deliberations and taking into consideration the findings of the review by three high level technical committees namely the RCGM and two Expert Committees constituted by the GEAC in 2006 and 2009, the GEAC concluded that Bt Brinjal is safe for environmental release. Since this decision of the GEAC will have major policy implications, the GEAC decided to forward the recommendations and report of the Expert Committee on the safety and efficacy of Bt brinjal event EEI to the Government for a final view. It was also agreed that the report of the Expert Committee would be made available in the public domain by posting on the MoEF website at the earliest. 21

14. Public Consultations.. 22 October 15, Press Statement by Jairam Ramesh , Minister of Environment and Forests,( MoEF ) to start public consultations with other stakeholders

15. Public Participation .. These meetings were attended by a wide variety of stakeholders including farmers, farmers’ organisations, scientists, state agriculture department officials, non-governmental organisations, consumer groups, allopathic and ayurvedic doctors, students and housewives, with the striking exception of agricultural biotechnology companies (an estimated 8000 people participated in these consultations) 23

16. Percentage (%) of different Stakeholders participated in the National consultations on Bt.Brinjal at different locations Date of Consultation Location Total Participants ( As per Registration) Farmers/Farmers organizations (%) NGOs/Consumer Forum/Environmentalists (%) Scientists/Experts (%) Studetns/Researchers (%) Govt officials, Political/Elected bodies/members (%) Individuals, citizen groups/business, Traders, Industries (%) 1 2 3 4 5 6 13-01-2010 Kolkata 478 13%(62) 17%(81) 31%(148) 14%(67) 18%(86) 7%(34) 16-01-2010 Bubaneswar 623 44%(274) 36%(224) 2%(12) 11%(69) 1%(6) 6%(38) 19-01-2010 Ahmadabad 1051 49%(515) 18%(189) 5%(53) 14%(147) 1%(10) 13%(137) 27-01-2010 Nagpur 1210 62%(750) 12%(145) 7%(85) 8%(97) 3%(36) 8%(97) 29-01-2010 Chandigarh 491 62%(304) 22%(108) 6%(30) 2%(10) 0% 8%(39) 31-01-2010 Hyderabad 719 60%(432) 18%(129) 11%(79) 7%(50) 1%(7) 3%(22) 6/2/2010 Bangalore 1348 48%(647) 14%(189) 12%(162) 3%(40) 1%(13) 22%(297) Total 5920 50%(2984) 18%(1065) 10%(569) 8%(480) 3%(158) 11%(664) Source: Centre for Environment Education, Report on National Consultations

17. % of total Arguments on Different Parameters Source: Centre for Environment Education, Report on National Consultations

18. Moratorium.. 26 February 09, 2010 Minister Jairam Ramesh announced an indefinite ban on Commercialisation of Bt Brinjal .

19. Moratorium on Commercial Release of Bt.Brinjal Mr . Ramesh attributed the decision for Moratorium to several factors: There is no clear consensus within the Scientific community itself There is so much opposition from the State governments -Opposition from 10 State governments, especially form the major brinjal-production states When responsible civil society organizations and eminent scientists have raised many serious questions that have not been answered satisfactorily When public sentiment is negative and fears among consumers and the lack of a global precedent Questions raised about the safety and testing process When Bt-brinjal will be the very first genetically modified vegetable to be introduced anywhere in the world, and When there is no over-riding urgency to introduce it here. The lack of an independent biotechnology regulatory authority

20. Bt eggplant was commercialized in Bangladesh in 2014, disregarding major opposition from farmers and consumers, in a fast process that did not include public consultation. GM eggplant has so far only been grown on 12 ha in Bangladesh (ISAAA tells us). Bangladesh has approximately 9 million hectares of agricultural land, and according to ISAAA, Brinjal is grown on about 50,000 of these hectares.

21. (ABSP-2) TNAU AND UASD MLRT AT MADURAI AND COIMBATORE MLRT AT FOUR LOCATIONS OF KA & MH BY DBT SATGURU… HEAD IABT AC DWD. 25 GRAMS OF BT BRINJAL SEEDS KEPT UNDER COLD STORAGE… BRL -2 STAGE..

22. Final decision on Bt Brinjal to take six years?  PUNE: Union environment minister Jairam Ramesh's open-ended moratorium on the commercialisation of Bt Brinjal could last a minimum six years, which is the time needed to set up a bio-safety laboratory by the government if work begins immediately.  PM Bhargava , the Supreme Court-appointed member of the Genetic Engineering Approval Committee (GEAC) and founder-director of the Hyderabad-based Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology (CCMB), who had submitted the blue print to the committee for setting up such a lab said: "It will take about five to six years to set up a bio-safety lab and need an investment of Rs 350 crore   He pointed out that there are 30 essential tests which must be conducted for establishing the safety of Bt Brinjal . "In case of Bt Brinjal , only six of these tests were carried out and that too by Monsanto itself . 

23. Organizations Involved in Bt Eggplant Development USAID lists its partner organizations on the Bt eggplant project as: [2] [4] Cornell University  (USA) Bangladesh Agricultural Research Center Bangladesh Agriculture Research Insititute East West Seeds Ltd.  (Bangladesh) Government of India, Department of Biotechnology Indian Institute of Vegetable Research International Service for the Acquisition of Agribiotech Applications Lal Teer Seeds Ltd., Bangladesh Maharashtra Hybrid Seed Company  (India) Sathguru Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd.  (India) Tamil Nadu Agricultural University  (India) University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad  (India) University of the Philippines University of the Philippines Los Baños Foundation University of Southern Mindanao , Philippines Central Bicol State University of Agriculture , Philippines Southeast Asian Regional Center for Graduate Study and Research in Agriculture , Philippines Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , USA

24. Bt crop Country Cotton Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Burkina Faso, Canada, China, Colombia, Costa Rica, European Union (EU), India, Japan, Mexico, Myanmar, New Zealand, Pakistan, Parag uay , Philippines, Sine, South Africza , South Korea, Sudan, Taiwan, United States of America (USA) Eggplant Bangladesh Maize Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, EU, Honduras, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Mexico, New Zealand, Panama, Paraguay, Philippines, Russian Federation, Singapore, South Africa, South Korea, Switzerland, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Vietna Current Status of Bt Technology At the end of 2015, an estimated 25.2 million hectares of land were planted with crops containing the Bt gene. The following table shows the countries that have commercialized Bt crops and its products, from 1996 to 2015.

25. Poplar China Potato Australia, Canada, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Korea, USA Rice China, Iran Soybean Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Colombia, EU, Japan, Mexico, New Zealand, Paraguay, Philippines, Russian Federation, South Africa, South Korea, Taiwan, Thailand, Turkey, USA, Uruguay, Vietnam Tomato Canada, USA

26. Journey of Bt Brinjal development at BARI 2004 - 2005 : USAID donated Cry 1Ac gene and Backcrossing program initiated (BC1 ) for 9 local varieties at Mahyco . 2005 - 2006 : Bangladesh Government imported BC1 , from Mahyco . BC2 developed at BARI. 2007: BC3 population were developed and Cry 1Ac gene identified. 2008 : BC3 (F2 ) generation yielded through self-pollination and MLT with BC3 F2 with five varieties 2009 : BC3 (F3 ), BC4 2010.. BC3 F4 , BC5 .

27. Next season of Multi-location field trials conducted at 7 locations; Organized Field day: 200 Farmers attended . 2010 – 2011 – BC3F5 – Confined field trials with 9 varieties were done in 7 locations. 2011 – 2012 – MLTs was repeated in the same 7 locations with all the 9 varieties . 2012 – 2013 – MLTs is being repeated in the same 7 locations with all the 9 varieties and applied for releasing 4 varieties. 2013 – Four varieties were released as BARI Bt Brinjal-1 ( Uttara ), BARI Bt Brinjal-2 ( Kazla ) , BARI Bt Brinjal-3 ( Nayantara ), and BARI Bt Brinjal-4 (ISD-006) by 30 October/2013. 2014 – Honorable Agriculture Minster distributed Bt Brinjal seedlings among 20 farmers of four regions of Bangladesh on 22 Jan 2014, in a limited scale productions .

28. Bangladesh, one of the smaller and poorest countries in the world, is an exemplary model of the importance of political will in the adoption of biotech crops. Bangladesh, a small poor country with 150 million people, doubled the commercial hectarage of the prized vegetable Bt brinjal /eggplant; it was grown by 250 small farmers on 25 hectares in 2015 compared with 120 farmers on 12 hectares in 2014.

29. Importantly, seed is now being multiplied to meet the growing needs of substantially more farmers in 2016. This feat of promoting home-grown biotech crops through public/private partnerships, PPP, is very effective but could not have been achieved without strong Government support and  political will , particularly from the Minister of Agriculture, the Honorable Matia Chowdhury – the experience of Bangladesh is exemplary for small poor countries.

30. ENVIRONMENT THE HINDU Bt Brinjal poses a risk to health, environment: Greenpeace report NEW DELHI:   APRIL 30, 2012 23:57 IST t An independent enquiry has revealed that the cultivation of genetically engineered Bt  brinjal poses risks to the environment and possibly to human health. The occurrence of wild, weedy and also cultivated relatives presents a likelihood that the GE Bt gene will spread to these relatives but, so far, this has largely been overlooked in the risk assessments for GE Bt  brinjal , it says. Genetically engineered Bt brinjal and the implications for plant biodiversity – revisited , an independent study commissioned by Greenpeace International, finds that brinjal relatives do occur in the regions where cultivation of GE  Btbrinjal is proposed, and that GE Bt  brinjal may mate with these relatives to spread the GE Bt gene. Spread of the GE Bt gene would have considerable ecological implications, as well as implications for future crop contamination and farmers' rights. Importantly, the spread of the GE Bt gene could result in the brinjal becoming an aggressive and problematic weed, the Greenpeace report suggests, while impressing upon the governments the need to employ the precautionary principle and not permit any authorisation of the outdoor cultivation of GE  Btbrinjal , including field trials

31. Posted : 29 Jul, 2015 BARI set to release three BT Brinjal varieties this yr. At present, brinjal is cultivated in 2,00,000 hectares while Bt Brinjal is produced in only 10 hectares. The five varieties are Sing Nath , Chega , Islampuri , Dohazari and Khotkhotia . Of these, Sing Nath , Dohazari and Khotkhotia will be released this year for which the BARI has prepared all necessary documents. Primarily, these Bt Brinjal seeds will be given to 200 farmers for pilot production.  In 2014-15 fiscal year, 19 demonstration plots of 108 farmers in 19 districts were prepared by BARI for BT Brinjal cultivation. The varieties are BARI BT 1 ( Uttara ), BARI BT 2 ( Kajla ), BARI  BT 3 ( Nayantara ) and BARI BT 4 (ISD006).

32. What are the safety concerns? Toxicity Allergenicity Out-crossing / Gene flow Effects on non-target organisms Environmental impact Pest resistance All safety issues were addressed before regulatory approval was given

33. NOW SOME PEOPLE has CHOOSEN A NEW PROFESSION- ----------- PROTESTING Protesting is their ROTI,, KAPRA aur MAKAN.. That’s why every morning they arise question on a new issue…………….

34. Strange!! The opponents seem to suggest that Bt- Brinjal kills everything else except FSB – the target pests!!..... like the blind people ..

35. Reasons for failure of bt brinjal in india Public awareness Problems of irreresponsible reporting Medias antitechnology stance certainly sells In india Communication gap

36. conclusion No. of people killed by GMO crops = 0 No. of people injured by GMO crops = 0 Now compare that to the no.of people who die each year from STARVATION… .

37. Norman Borlaug Quote : “What we need is  courage by the leaders  of those countries where farmers still have no choice but to use older and less effective methods. The Green Revolution and now plant biotechnology are helping meet the growing demand for food production, while preserving our environment for future generations”