Bt Toxin as microbial insecticide

Widely used microbe in biotech sector

1. MICROBIAL INSECTICIDES- Bacillus thuringiensis SHIVANI THORAT MSC 2 214

2. MICROBIAL INSECTICIDES Microbially produced toxic substance that kills an insect. Organisms used as insecticides- Bacteria, Fungus, Virus and nematodes Bacillus thuringiensis

3. Bt Toxins

4. MODE OF ACTION Ingestion of crystals Activation of toxin Creation of ion channels  Dehydration Bacteremia  Death USE OF Bt Toxin Using Bt spores or isolated crystals as biopesticide

5. GENETIC ENGINEERING

6. GENETICALLY ENGINEERED CROPS TO PRODUCE BT PROTEINS

7. ADVANTAGES Safe for humans and animals Genes are expressed in all parts of the plant Toxins are environmental-friendly Improved resistance to pests Increased crop productivity Stability of production LIMITATIONS For Bt sprays: Poor coverage Low efficiency Uv degradable For Bt crops: Costly Can disrupt natural process of gene flow Risk of toxin resistance and decline in crop production

8. REFERENCE Molecular Biotechnology  Glick Microbial Biotechnology- Alexander Glazer & Hiroshi Nikaido Biotechnology  Satyanarayan Egyptian journal of biological pest control- article(52) 2018 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3035146/ Researchgate.net BT: applications in agriculture and insect resistance management International scolarly research notices Mode of action and specificity of Bacillus thuringienses (published: 20 jan 2014)