Burgess and Hoyt Land Use Models

Land Use Models

1. What is a Typical Urban Land Use Model?

2. The Burgess Model 1924 Based on outward expansion of Chicago Contained 5 zones reflecting function and socio economic groupings Assumes Flat city, equal advantages in all areas Transport systems very limited Land values high in center, fall rapidly Poor lived close to place of work Limitations Specific to one place Doesn’t take into account mass transportation Found almost nowhere

3. The Hoyt Model 1939 Based on 142 US cities Accounts for land use and socio economics Based on sectors Assumptions Highest rent alongside main lines of transport/ communication Zones are wedge in shape Grow outwards Limitations Similar to Burgess Assumes nature of zones will remain the same (no change in status or use)

4. Burgess & Hoyt Models - Functional Zones & Sectors 4 Middle class housing S emi detached housing 1 to 2 story homes Usually with smaller yards 5 High class housing M ost expensive residential properties Single family homes – often ornate G reen space with garage – space between neighbors 6 Rural Urban Fringe (RUF) – Outer suburbs C ommuter villages/towns Suburban planned developments with large laws, cul-de-sac Functional Zones/ Sectors 1-6 1 CBD – Central Business District Commerce, entertainment, office, government Best transportation links thus highest land value 2 Transition / twilight zone L ight manufacturing, blighted , vacant areas, high crime 3 Low class (working class) housing H igh density occupants In the past, worked in nearby factories. May be multiple family dwellings, l ow rise apartments , row or attached housing Some evidence of blight/ abandonment

5. LEDC Land Use Functional Zones/Sectors CBD – Similar to MEDC – more crowded/ congested Inner Zone – mix of modern housing and colonial era, wealthy – many work in CBD Middle Zone – Improved homes but poor quality, basic infrastructure (electricity, water, sewage) Outer Zone –rudimentary housing – slums/shanties, self constructed hoses, lacks infrastructure Industry develops along lines of transportation and fringe of CBD

6. Functional Zones in a City Three Major Types of Land Use Shops and Offices Industry Housing Other significant uses include open space, transport and services (schools, hospitals and shops) As cities develop their own pattern it is likely to become more complex (pg. 156) Review Video

7. Activities Page 157 Look at diagram E . What do the letters CBD mean? Give two main functions of the CBD. In which zone is industry the main function? In which zone is the most expensive housing? In which zone is the cheapest housing?

8. Activities continued Compare the land use and functions of Carlisle in photo C and map D with those of the Burgess model in diagram A. Give three similarities between Carlisle and the model Give three differences between Carlisle and the model Draw a simple land use model of your nearest town or city. Does it have any obvious similarities to or differences from the Burgess model?