Burn

First Aid of Burn ,types of burns, Category of burn
assessment of burn.

1. Dr / Reda Elbastwesy Abdelhamed Ibrahim By

2. Outline Objective Type of Burn injury Classification of Burns Pathophysiology of Burns Assessment of the Burn wound Management of Burn s First Aid Complications of Burn Injuries BwM

3. Objectives 1. definition and causes of Burn injuries 2 . Types and classification of burns pathophysiology of burns Management of a patient Complications of burns

4. A bur n is a c o agula t i v e d e stru c tion o f t h e surface layers of the body. It occur when some or all of the cells in the skin or other tissues are destroyed by heat cold electricity Radiation Lightening caustic chemicals Definition &Pathophysiology

5. Types of Burn Injury Thermal Flame : fire injury Scald : moist heat/steam Flash : explosion Contact : to hot surfaces

6. Chemical burns Cause progressive damage Acid produces tissue coagulative Necrosis. Alkaline burns generate colliquation Necrosis. Systemic absorption of some chemicals is life threatening

7. Electrical mechanisms of injury : Electrical current injury Electrothermal burns Flame burn caused by ignition of clothes Deep destruction of muscles rhabdomyolysis Inhalation Hot smoke Radiation sunburn

8. Systemic changes

9. Assessment of The Burn Wound Burn Depth Cutaneous burns are classified according to the depth of tissue injury : superficial or epidermal (first-degree), partial-thickness (second degree), or full thickness (third degree). Burns extending beneath the subcutaneous tissues and involving fascia, muscle and/or bone are considered fourth degree

10. First degree (Superficial) Red, erythematous Very sensitive to touch Very painful Usually moist No blisters Second degree (partial- thickness) Erythematous or whitish with a fibrinous exudate Wound base is sensitive to touch and Painful Commonly have blisters Surface may blanch to pressure Third degree (Full thickness ) Surface may be: White, Black, leathery, Pale or Bright red Generally anesthetic or hypoesthetic Subdermal vessels do not blanch No blisters Hair easily pulled from its follicle Fourth degree Involves deep tissues including fascia, muscle, bone, and tendons

11. Management; Primary Survey Initial Intervention Airway maintenance with cervical spine control Breathing and Ventilation Circulation with Haemorrhage Control Disability: Neurological Status Exposure with Environmental Control

12. First aid for major burn Protect the burned person from further harm.   - If you can do so safely, make sure the person you're helping is not in contact with the source of the burn. For electrical burns, make sure the power source is off before you approach the burned person . Make certain that the person burned is breathing .  If needed, begin rescue breathing if you know how . Remove jewelry, belts and other restrictive items,  especially from around burned areas and the neck. Burned areas swell rapidly.

13. First aid for major burn Cover the area of the burn.   Use a cool, moist bandage or a clean cloth . Don't immerse large severe burns in water.   Doing so could cause a serious loss of body heat (hypothermia ). Elevate the burned area .  Raise the wound above heart level, if possible . Watch for signs of shock.   Signs and symptoms include fainting, pale complexion or breathing in a notably  BwM

14. Burn Complications INFECTION Curling ulcer- stress ulcers 3 . U lcer , Hypertrophic scar 4. Pschological aspect PTSD Flash backs Avoidance behavior Sleep disturbance

15. Minimizing complications Hand washing before & after touching each patient. Aseptic techniques for dressing & procedures Early nutritional support Early excision of deep burns Use of topical antimicrobials Early excision and grafting

16. Sources www.mayoclinic.org/first-aid/first-aid-burns/basics/art-20056649 https:// www.healthline.com/health/first-aid-with-burns BwM