Business Network and Telecommunication, LAN vs WAN

Networking, Primary Purpose of Networking , Element and challenges, LAN vs WAN

1. Business Network and Telecommunication Chapter # 5 Abdul Rashed Barakzai

2. Networking Grouping of two or more computer or devices for the purpose of Data and resource sharing. Or Networking is connecting of two or more computers for the purpose of sharing or exchanging information or data is called Network.

3. Primary Purpose of Networking File sharing Printer and other device sharing Enabling Administration and Security Exchanging Information or Data Sending or Receiving Data or Information Etc

4. Element of Network Computer ( Server and Client) Operating System or Windows Network Hardware Network Software Protocols Cables Switch Modem or Router Etc

5. Network Challenges Availability Reliability Serviceability Performance Security Sustainability Compatibility Quality of Service (QoS)

6. Network Classification LAN ( Local Area Network) WAN ( Wide Area Network)

7. LAN (Local Area Network) A local area network is a computer network that interconnects computers within a limited area such as a residence, school, laboratory, university campus or office building. LAN are characterized by the Following: They transfer data at high speeds They exist in a limited geographical area Their technology is generally less expensive

8. WAN (Wide Area Network) A wide area network is a network that extends over a large geographic area for the primary purpose of computer networking. Wide area networks are often established with leased telecommunication circuits.. WAN are characterized by the Following: Unlimited geographical area Most error come out They are interconnected with multiple LANs Their technology is generally expensive

9. Peer to Peer Network Peer to peer network is a group of user or PCs that basically operated as equal. Each PC is called a peer. The Peers share resources such as file and printers but not specialized server . Each peer is responsible for its own security

10. Intranet An intranet is a computer network for sharing information, collaboration tools, operational systems, and other computing services within an organization, usually to the exclusion of access by outsiders.

11. Extranet Extranet  is an external-facing website containing information that is typically only accessible on an organization's intranet (or internal network). Access to an  extranet  is controlled and limited only to authorized users such as partners, vendors, suppliers, or customers Extra net is a network link that use internet technologies to interconnect the intranet of a business with intranets of its customers, suppliers or other business partners.

12. Internet Detail will be added

13. Classification by network Architecture Client or Server network Peer to Peer network

14. Client or Server bas network A server base network is consists of a group of user or Pcs ( Called clients) that request and receive network serves from specialized computer called server. Server are generally high performance system Optimized to provide network services to other computers Common server types are: Mail server, Printer server, File server and Etc.

15. Peer to Peer Peer to peer network is a group of user oriented computers that basically operate as equals. Each Pc is called per. The peers share resources, such as file, printer and Etc , but no specialized servers exist. Each peer is responsible for its own security and each peer is booth client and server. Small network usually under 10 machines may work well in this configuration

16. Network Topologies Network topology is the arrangement of the elements of a communication network. Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, industrial field busses and computer networks. Simply we can say Topologies is the physical layout of a network. There are main three types of Topologies. Bus Topologies Ring Topologies Star Topologies

17. Bus Topologies A bus topology is a topology for a Local Area Network ( LAN ) in which all the nodes are connected to a single cable. The cable to which the nodes connect is called a "backbone". If the backbone is broken, the entire segment fails. Bus topologies are relatively easy to install and don't require much cabling compared to the alternatives.

18. Ring Topologies A ring topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which every device has exactly two neighbors for communication purposes. Typically, all messages travel through a ring in the same direction. A failure in any cable or device breaks the loop and will take down the entire segment. Another disadvantage of the ring is that if any device is added to or removed from the ring, the ring is broken and the segment fails. In wide area networks (WAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN), a ring topology is used to as the topology for the backbone (sometimes called a city ring) to connect the customers. In that case the ring is used in both directions to have two distinctive paths to the public switch.

19. Star Topologies A star topology is a topology for a Local Area Network (LAN) in which all nodes are individually connected to a central connection point, like a hub or a switch. A star takes more cable than e.g. a bus, but the benefit is that if a cable fails, only one node will be brought down. All traffic emanates from the hub of the star. The central site is in control of all the nodes attached to it. The central hub is usually a fast, self contained computer and is responsible for routing all traffic to other nodes. The main advantages of a star network is that one malfunctioning node does not affect the rest of the network. However this type of network can be prone to bottleneck and failure problems at the central site. A star network is often combined with a bus topology. The central hub is then connected to the backbone of the bus. This combination is called a tree

20. Bandwidth Bandwidth  is measured as the amount of data that can be transferred from one point to another within a network in a specific amount of time. ... The term  bandwidth  refers to the transmission capacity of a connection and is an important factor when determining the quality and speed of a network or the  internet  connection. Classification of Bandwidth: Downstream Bandwidth ( Download) Upstream bandwidth ( Upload) Measurement of Bandwidth: Kbps Mbps Gbps

21. Network Media Twisted Pair: Use for Telephone Coaxial Cable: Use for TV cables Fiber Optic Cable: Thin strands of glass that use light to transmit signals

22. Network Protocol Network protocols are a set of rules, conventions, and data structures that dictate how devices exchange data across networks. In other words, network protocols can be equated to languages that two devices must understand for seamless communication of information, regardless of their infrastructure and design disparities

23. Network Protocol Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) Internet Protocol (IP) User Datagram Protocol (UDP) Post office Protocol (POP) Simple mail transport Protocol (SMTP) File Transfer Protocol (FTP) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) Hyper Text Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS) Telnet Gopher