Business Rresearch Methods Chapter 1.pptx

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1. CHAPTER ONE RESEARCH METHODS AN INTRODUCTION

2. Overview of Research Research as consciously and creative human activity involves discovering and learning new things. Where there is a problem there is always a research. It is an essential tool for understanding the events and structure of the social world. Research can mean different things to different people. People have defined research differently according to their perception.

3. Meaning of Research Research-Commonly refers to a search for knowledge. Some people consider research as a movement from known to unknown. It is indeed a voyage of knowledge. research to the original and creative activities. Research is an activity comprises defining and redefining problems , formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions ; collecting, organizing and evaluating data; making deduction and reaching at conclusion to determine whether they fit the formulated hypothesis.

4. Motivation of research The possible motives for doing research can be either one or a combination of the following: Desire to get degree with its consequential benefit. Desire to get respect and promotion (to own respect in society) Desire to face a challenge in solving the unsolved problem Desire to get intellectual joy of doing some creative work Directive of government Employment condition

5. Types of research Like its definition research has been classified differently. Generally research can be classified on the basis of the following traits: I. On the basis of the outcomes of research Fundamental Research/ academic or basic or pure research. Aimed at investigating or search for new principles and laws. Concerned with generalization and formulation of a theory. Applied Research Aimed finding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society, a group or industry (business organization).

6. Cont….. Types of Applied Research Social impact analysis Evaluation Research Applied research being impact analysis or evaluation research uses two tools namely need assessment and cost benefit analysis. Need Assessment Cost benefit analysis

7. Con…. II. On the basis of the purpose/ the reason why a research is conducted Exploratory Research/ Pilot Survey aimed at discovering, identifying and formulating a research problem and hypothesis. When there are few or no studies that can be referred such research is needed. Descriptive Research The main of such research is description of the state of nature or affairs, as it exists at present.

8. Con….. Analytical research Goes beyond simple description of the state of nature. When a researcher encounters an issue that is already known and have a description of it, he/she may begin to ask “why” things are the way they are. The two common Examples of analytic research are the following: Case study Tracer study/ follow up study

9. Con…. Predictive research Goes beyond explaining why and how things happened . It predicts the probability of happening similar situation in other places. It tries to explain about the probability of happening in similar things in the future. III. On the basis of the process of research That is, on the basis of data used in the research process research can be: Qualitative research Quantitative research

10. Con…. Iv. On the basis of the environment in which the research is carried out research can be: Field research Laboratory research Simulation research V. On the basis of the time required to complete the research, research can be: One –time research/ cross-sectional Longitudinal research

11. Research and Scientific method The two terms, research and scientific methods are closely related. Research methodology and techniques are mostly different from one science to another or can be different from research to research. The philosophy common to all research methodology and technique is called scientific methods .

12. The steps in scientific methods are summarized as follows: Observation : a minute and careful observation of the subject matter of research. Recording : a careful recording of all information (data) obtained in the first step, Classification Generalization : This general law is known as scientific law. Verification : Steps in Scientific methods

13. Forms of Scientific Methods There are six primary forms of scientific methods Induction Deduction Historical: back ward movement in knowledge to trace the cause of phenomenon. Comparative: analysis and comparison of two contemporary (coexisting and present) phenomenon. Structural : a study of what a things, what are its outline and significant feature is a structural study (the comparison of a thing) Functional: studies the processes and their cause, that is, how and why of a thing.

14. Methods versus Methodology Research techniques : Refers the behavior and instruments we use in performing research operation such as making observation, recording data, data processing techniques and the like. Research methodology: can be understood as all those approaches and techniques that are used in conducting a particular research.

15. Con…. Research methodology can be put in to three groups: The first group include approaches or techniques of data collection The second group consists of those statistical techniques used to established relationship between variables The third group consists of those techniques involved in evaluating the accuracy of the result obtained. Methods: is a way to systematically solve the research problem. Method can be understood as a science of studying how research is done scientifically.

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