Introduction to Programming Languages Programming languages are tools used to communicate with computers. C and Python are two of the most popular programming languages.
Overview of C Language C is a general-purpose, procedural programming language developed by Dennis Ritchie in 1972.
Features of C Language • Structured language • Low-level access to memory • Portable and efficient • Rich library support
Uses of C Language • Operating systems • Embedded systems • Compilers • Game development
Structure of a C Program #include<stdio.h> int main() { printf("Hello World"); return 0; }
Data Types in C • int • float • char • double
Control Structures in C • if, if-else • switch • for, while, do-while loops
Functions in C Functions help in code modularity and reusability. Example: int add(int a, int b) { return a + b; }
Advantages of C • Fast execution • Closer to hardware • Foundation for other languages
Disadvantages of C • No object-oriented features • Manual memory management • Complex syntax for beginners
Overview of Python Python is a high-level, interpreted, object-oriented programming language created by Guido van Rossum in 1991.
Features of Python • Easy to learn • Interpreted language • Extensive libraries • Dynamic typing • Cross-platform
Uses of Python • Web development • Data science • Machine learning • Automation • Game development
Python Syntax Example print('Hello, World!')
Data Types in Python • int • float • str • list • tuple • dict • set
Control Structures in Python if x > 0: print('Positive') else: print('Non-positive')
Functions in Python def add(a, b): return a + b
Advantages of Python • Simple and readable • Huge library support • Rapid development • Object-oriented
Disadvantages of Python • Slower than C • High memory usage • Weak in mobile computing
Conclusion C provides speed and control, while Python offers simplicity and flexibility. Both are powerful languages suitable for different types of projects.