CA1-REVIEWER-I.pdf for institution for correction
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About This Presentation
Ca1 for institution for correction
Slide Content
Correctional
Administration
(Institutional Correction)
Basic Terms to Remember:
Penology
The study of punishment for crime or of crime offenders, it
includes the study of control and prevention of crime through
punishment of criminal offenders.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Administration
(Institutional Correction)
Basic Terms to Remember:
Penology
The study of punishment for crime or of crime offenders, it
includes the study of control and prevention of crime through
punishment of criminal offenders.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
The term is derived from the Latin word “POENA” which
means pain or suffering.
Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually
a division of Criminology that deals with prison management and
the treatment of offenders, and concerned itself with the
philosophy and practice of society in its effort to repress criminal
activities.
Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still
stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the offender as a
consequence of his wrong doing.
Penal Management
This refers to the manner or practice of managing or
controlling places of confinement as in jails or prisons.
Correction
A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the
custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
It is that field of Criminal Justice Administration which
utilizes the body of knowledge and practices of the government and
the society in general involving the processes of handling
individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of
crime prevention and control.
It is the study of jail/prison management and
administration as well as the rehabilitation and reformation of
criminals.
It is a generic term that includes all government agencies,
facilities, programs, procedures, personnel, and techniques
concerned with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement,
supervision, or treatment of alleged offenders.
Correction as a Process:
This refers to the reorientation of the
criminal offender to prevent him or her from repeating his
deviant or delinquent actions without the necessity of
individual measures of reformation.
INSTITUTIONAL NON-INSTITUTIONAL
The reformation and
rehabilitation of criminal
offenders are held inside a
correctional institution or penal
establishment
The reformation and
rehabilitation of criminal
offenders are provided in
community / outside prison
BJMP, DSWD, BUCOR, Jails, and
Prisons
Parole, Probation, Executive
Clemencies
Correctional Administration
The study and practice of a systematic management of jails
or prisons and other institutions concerned with the custody,
treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
FAQ’S
BLUE-FLU – the practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick leave
EN MASSE to back-up their demands for improved working
conditions, salary increments, and other items on their agenda.
COMPETENT AUTHORITY – refers to the Supreme Court, Court of
Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal
Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, Sandigan Bayan, Military
Courts, House of Representatives, Senate, Commission on Elections,
Bureau of Immigration and Deportation and Board of Pardons and
Parole.
CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate which
consist of his mittimus/commitment order, the prosecutor’s
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
means pain or suffering.
Penology is otherwise known as Penal Science. It is actually
a division of Criminology that deals with prison management and
the treatment of offenders, and concerned itself with the
philosophy and practice of society in its effort to repress criminal
activities.
Penology has stood in the past and, for the most part, still
stands for the policy of inflicting punishment on the offender as a
consequence of his wrong doing.
Penal Management
This refers to the manner or practice of managing or
controlling places of confinement as in jails or prisons.
Correction
A branch of the Criminal Justice System concerned with the
custody, supervision, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
It is that field of Criminal Justice Administration which
utilizes the body of knowledge and practices of the government and
the society in general involving the processes of handling
individuals who have been convicted of offenses for purposes of
crime prevention and control.
It is the study of jail/prison management and
administration as well as the rehabilitation and reformation of
criminals.
It is a generic term that includes all government agencies,
facilities, programs, procedures, personnel, and techniques
concerned with the investigation, intake, custody, confinement,
supervision, or treatment of alleged offenders.
Correction as a Process:
This refers to the reorientation of the
criminal offender to prevent him or her from repeating his
deviant or delinquent actions without the necessity of
individual measures of reformation.
INSTITUTIONAL NON-INSTITUTIONAL
The reformation and
rehabilitation of criminal
offenders are held inside a
correctional institution or penal
establishment
The reformation and
rehabilitation of criminal
offenders are provided in
community / outside prison
BJMP, DSWD, BUCOR, Jails, and
Prisons
Parole, Probation, Executive
Clemencies
Correctional Administration
The study and practice of a systematic management of jails
or prisons and other institutions concerned with the custody,
treatment, and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.
FAQ’S
BLUE-FLU – the practice of uniformed personnel of taking sick leave
EN MASSE to back-up their demands for improved working
conditions, salary increments, and other items on their agenda.
COMPETENT AUTHORITY – refers to the Supreme Court, Court of
Appeals, Regional Trial Court, Metropolitan Trial Court, Municipal
Trial Court, Municipal Circuit Trial Courts, Sandigan Bayan, Military
Courts, House of Representatives, Senate, Commission on Elections,
Bureau of Immigration and Deportation and Board of Pardons and
Parole.
CARPETA – refers to the institutional record of an inmate which
consist of his mittimus/commitment order, the prosecutor’s
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
information and the decision of the trial court, including the
appellate court, if any
COMMITMENT – the entrusting for confinement of an inmate to a
jail by competent authority for investigation, trial and/or service of
sentence.
CLASSIFICATION – refers to the assigning or grouping on inmates
according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.
– a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning, and
execution of treatment programs are coordinated to an individual.
–the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or
treatment programs appropriate to their needs. Also known as
DIVERSIFICATION
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written order of the court or any other
competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or prison for
confinement.
CONTRABAND – any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or
forbidden by jail rules.
Types of Contraband:
1.Illegal Contraband – prohibited by law
2.Nuisance Contraband – prohibited only by jail
rules
COED INSTITUTION – or co-correctional institution which holds both
male and female offenders who interact and share the facility
except for sleeping areas. They study, eat, dance, work, and engage
in leisure activities within one campus.
CONVICT BOGEY – society exaggerated fear of the convict and ex-
convict which is usually far out of proportion to the real danger they
present.
DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses punishment to
prevent others from committing similar crimes.
DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device correctional institutions of
providing varied and flexible types of physical plants for more
effective control of treatment programs of its diversified population.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that focuses on
keeping the offenders in the community rather than placing them in
long-term institution.
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period incarceration imposed on
the offender by the court.
ESCAPE – an act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or
custody by an inmate.
–Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)
–Is derived from the Greek word ESCAPIO and from the Latin
word ESCAPIUM which means by chance or accident.
EXPUNGEMENT – the process by which the record of crime
conviction is destroyed or sealed after expiration on statutory
required time.
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate to leave
confinement, for emergency family crises, usually accompanied by
correctional officer. Crises include “Death Bed”
Rules on Furlough
Not more than 30 km radius from the prison
facility
More than 30 km but you can return in daylight
time
Duration is for 3 hours only
Cannot join any funeral procession
Request at least 3 days before the day of visit
Approved by the trial court
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
appellate court, if any
COMMITMENT – the entrusting for confinement of an inmate to a
jail by competent authority for investigation, trial and/or service of
sentence.
CLASSIFICATION – refers to the assigning or grouping on inmates
according to their sentence, gender, age, nationality, health,
criminal record, etc.
– a method by which diagnosis, treatment, planning, and
execution of treatment programs are coordinated to an individual.
–the process of assigning inmates to types of custody or
treatment programs appropriate to their needs. Also known as
DIVERSIFICATION
COMMITMENT ORDER – a written order of the court or any other
competent authority consigning an offender to a jail or prison for
confinement.
CONTRABAND – any article, item, or thing prohibited by law and/or
forbidden by jail rules.
Types of Contraband:
1.Illegal Contraband – prohibited by law
2.Nuisance Contraband – prohibited only by jail
rules
COED INSTITUTION – or co-correctional institution which holds both
male and female offenders who interact and share the facility
except for sleeping areas. They study, eat, dance, work, and engage
in leisure activities within one campus.
CONVICT BOGEY – society exaggerated fear of the convict and ex-
convict which is usually far out of proportion to the real danger they
present.
DETERRENCE – a crime-control strategy that uses punishment to
prevent others from committing similar crimes.
DIVERSIFICATION – administrative device correctional institutions of
providing varied and flexible types of physical plants for more
effective control of treatment programs of its diversified population.
DEINSTITUTIONALIZATION – a crime strategy that focuses on
keeping the offenders in the community rather than placing them in
long-term institution.
DETERMINATE SENTENCE – a fixed period incarceration imposed on
the offender by the court.
ESCAPE – an act of getting out unlawfully from confinement or
custody by an inmate.
–Evasion of service of sentence (Art. 157, RPC)
–Is derived from the Greek word ESCAPIO and from the Latin
word ESCAPIUM which means by chance or accident.
EXPUNGEMENT – the process by which the record of crime
conviction is destroyed or sealed after expiration on statutory
required time.
FURLOUGH – authorization that permits inmate to leave
confinement, for emergency family crises, usually accompanied by
correctional officer. Crises include “Death Bed”
Rules on Furlough
Not more than 30 km radius from the prison
facility
More than 30 km but you can return in daylight
time
Duration is for 3 hours only
Cannot join any funeral procession
Request at least 3 days before the day of visit
Approved by the trial court
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Inmates confined in maximum security prison
compound are disqualified to avail the privilege
of furlough
HALFWAY HOUSES – are non-confining residential facilities for
adjudicated adults or juvenile or those subjects to proceedings.
They are alternative to containment for person not suited for
probation that need period for readjustment to the community
after imprisonment
Types of Halfway Houses:
1.Halfway Out – prerelease facility used to orient the
prisoner before release for adjustment purposes in
coping in the outside.
a.Pre-Release – place for parole eligible
b.Parolees – granted parole but needs
assistance in coping outside
2.Halfway In – consisting of prisoners who are half way
in prison includes:
a.Probation Violators
b.Parole Violators
NOTE: Halfway Houses in NBP are joint project of Asia Crime
Prevention Foundation, Nagoya Japan West Club and UNAFEI, from
Japanese end, and the Asia Crime Prevention Inc., DOJ, NAPOLCOM,
Muntinlupa Lions Club, and other NGO’s on the side of the
Philippines.
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and maximum period
of incarceration.
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance, tool, or
instrument used to hold back, keep in, check, or control an inmate;
e.g. hand cuffs, leg irons
JAILBREAK – the escape from jail by more than two inmates by the
use of force, threat, violence, deceit or by breaching security
barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence, by tunneling and/or
by other similar means or by burning or destructing of the facility
with or without the aid or jail officer or any other person.
MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the
signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed therein.
OPERATION GREYHOUND – a surprise and unannounced invasion of
a cell inside a prison facility conducted by uniformed personnel of
the prison establishment to search for any type of contraband.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an
ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.
PENITENTIARY – a prison, correctional institution, or other place of
confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve out the term
of their sentence.
PRISON RECORD – refers to information containing an inmate’s
personal circumstances, the offense he committed, the sentence
imposed, the criminal case numbers in trial appellate courts, the
date he commenced service of his sentence, the date he was
received for confinement, the place of confinement, the date of
expiration of his sentence, the number of previous convictions, if
any, and his behavior and conduct while in prison.
PROSELYTIZING – coercing an inmate to change and practice other
religion
PRISONIZATION – process by which an inmate learns through
socialization; the rules and regulation of the penitentiary culture.
REHABILITATION – a program of activity directed to restore an
inmate’s self-respect thereby making him a law-abiding citizen after
serving his sentence.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
compound are disqualified to avail the privilege
of furlough
HALFWAY HOUSES – are non-confining residential facilities for
adjudicated adults or juvenile or those subjects to proceedings.
They are alternative to containment for person not suited for
probation that need period for readjustment to the community
after imprisonment
Types of Halfway Houses:
1.Halfway Out – prerelease facility used to orient the
prisoner before release for adjustment purposes in
coping in the outside.
a.Pre-Release – place for parole eligible
b.Parolees – granted parole but needs
assistance in coping outside
2.Halfway In – consisting of prisoners who are half way
in prison includes:
a.Probation Violators
b.Parole Violators
NOTE: Halfway Houses in NBP are joint project of Asia Crime
Prevention Foundation, Nagoya Japan West Club and UNAFEI, from
Japanese end, and the Asia Crime Prevention Inc., DOJ, NAPOLCOM,
Muntinlupa Lions Club, and other NGO’s on the side of the
Philippines.
INDETERMINATE SENTENCE – sets minimum and maximum period
of incarceration.
INSTRUMENT OF RESTRAINT – a device, contrivance, tool, or
instrument used to hold back, keep in, check, or control an inmate;
e.g. hand cuffs, leg irons
JAILBREAK – the escape from jail by more than two inmates by the
use of force, threat, violence, deceit or by breaching security
barriers such as by scaling the perimeter fence, by tunneling and/or
by other similar means or by burning or destructing of the facility
with or without the aid or jail officer or any other person.
MITTIMUS – a warrant issued by a court bearing its seal and the
signature of the judge, directing the jail or prison authorities to
receive inmates for custody or service of sentence imposed therein.
OPERATION GREYHOUND – a surprise and unannounced invasion of
a cell inside a prison facility conducted by uniformed personnel of
the prison establishment to search for any type of contraband.
PENANCE – an ecclesiastical punishment inflicted by an
ecclesiastical court for some spiritual offense.
PENITENTIARY – a prison, correctional institution, or other place of
confinement where convicted felons are sent to serve out the term
of their sentence.
PRISON RECORD – refers to information containing an inmate’s
personal circumstances, the offense he committed, the sentence
imposed, the criminal case numbers in trial appellate courts, the
date he commenced service of his sentence, the date he was
received for confinement, the place of confinement, the date of
expiration of his sentence, the number of previous convictions, if
any, and his behavior and conduct while in prison.
PROSELYTIZING – coercing an inmate to change and practice other
religion
PRISONIZATION – process by which an inmate learns through
socialization; the rules and regulation of the penitentiary culture.
REHABILITATION – a program of activity directed to restore an
inmate’s self-respect thereby making him a law-abiding citizen after
serving his sentence.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
–To change an offender’s character, attitude, or
behavior patterns so as to diminish his or her
criminal propensities.
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT / DELAYED SENTENCE – offender is
allowed to retain current employment and permit sentences to be
served during weekends.
Historical Perspective on Corrections
Important Dates and Events in the History of Corrections:
13
th
Century – Securing Sanctuary – In 13
th
Century, a criminal could
avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40
days at the end of which time, he has compelled to leave the realm
by a road or path assigned to him.
Benefit of the Clergy – In 13
th
Century, a compromise between the
church and the king, wherein any member of the clergy brought to
trial in the king’s court shall be claimed from the jurisdiction by the
bishop or chaplain representing him and placed under the
authority of the ecclesiastical court.
–It was provided for the clergies in Europe during the
12
th
Century by giving them exemption for criminal
punishment
–1468 (England) – torture as a form of punishment
became prevalent.
–16
th
Century – transportation of criminals in England
was authorized. At the end of the 16
th
Century,
Russia and other European Countries followed this
system. It partially relieved overcrowding of prisons.
Transportation was abandoned in 1835.
–Piracy act of 1717 – was an act of the parliament of
Great Britain that established a 7 years penal
transportation to North America as a possible
punishment for those convicted of lesser felonies.
–17
th
Century to late 18
th
Century – Death penalty
became prevalent as a form of punishment.
Gaols – (Jail) pretrial detention facilities operated by English Sheriff.
Galleys – long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails,
usually rowed by criminals. A type of ship used for transportation of
criminals in the 16
th
century.
Hulks – decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners
in the 18
th
and 19
th
century. These were abandoned warships
converted into prisons as means of relieving congestion of
prisoners. They were also called “Floating Hells”
Gulags – the term Gulag of Igorot Mountain Tribe according to the
linguist, refers to a wooden-fence where convicted felons were
imprisoned by the elders.
–At the height of the Banawe Rice Terraces construction, the
tribe’s chieftain considers it a crime for any able-bodied
male who refuses to work at the terraces, if found guilty of
such idleness, he will be sent to Gulag.
Gulag of Germany – this is infamous Gulag Prison of Aleksandi
Solzhenitsyn in Germany, where thousands of dews were man-
slaughtered during the reign of Acolph Hitler.
Gulag of Russia – this is synonymous for corrective labor camp
penal institution establisghed in 1918 after the Russian Revolution.
It was the most feared prison during the reign of Joseph Stalin on
1934 to 1947.
Penological Theories:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
behavior patterns so as to diminish his or her
criminal propensities.
WEEK-END CONFINEMENT / DELAYED SENTENCE – offender is
allowed to retain current employment and permit sentences to be
served during weekends.
Historical Perspective on Corrections
Important Dates and Events in the History of Corrections:
13
th
Century – Securing Sanctuary – In 13
th
Century, a criminal could
avoid punishment by claiming refugee in a church for a period of 40
days at the end of which time, he has compelled to leave the realm
by a road or path assigned to him.
Benefit of the Clergy – In 13
th
Century, a compromise between the
church and the king, wherein any member of the clergy brought to
trial in the king’s court shall be claimed from the jurisdiction by the
bishop or chaplain representing him and placed under the
authority of the ecclesiastical court.
–It was provided for the clergies in Europe during the
12
th
Century by giving them exemption for criminal
punishment
–1468 (England) – torture as a form of punishment
became prevalent.
–16
th
Century – transportation of criminals in England
was authorized. At the end of the 16
th
Century,
Russia and other European Countries followed this
system. It partially relieved overcrowding of prisons.
Transportation was abandoned in 1835.
–Piracy act of 1717 – was an act of the parliament of
Great Britain that established a 7 years penal
transportation to North America as a possible
punishment for those convicted of lesser felonies.
–17
th
Century to late 18
th
Century – Death penalty
became prevalent as a form of punishment.
Gaols – (Jail) pretrial detention facilities operated by English Sheriff.
Galleys – long, low, narrow, single decked ships propelled by sails,
usually rowed by criminals. A type of ship used for transportation of
criminals in the 16
th
century.
Hulks – decrepit transport, former warships used to house prisoners
in the 18
th
and 19
th
century. These were abandoned warships
converted into prisons as means of relieving congestion of
prisoners. They were also called “Floating Hells”
Gulags – the term Gulag of Igorot Mountain Tribe according to the
linguist, refers to a wooden-fence where convicted felons were
imprisoned by the elders.
–At the height of the Banawe Rice Terraces construction, the
tribe’s chieftain considers it a crime for any able-bodied
male who refuses to work at the terraces, if found guilty of
such idleness, he will be sent to Gulag.
Gulag of Germany – this is infamous Gulag Prison of Aleksandi
Solzhenitsyn in Germany, where thousands of dews were man-
slaughtered during the reign of Acolph Hitler.
Gulag of Russia – this is synonymous for corrective labor camp
penal institution establisghed in 1918 after the Russian Revolution.
It was the most feared prison during the reign of Joseph Stalin on
1934 to 1947.
Penological Theories:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
The first attempt to explain crime was made by the
Athenian Philosopher, Aristotle. In his book “Nicomedean Ethics”,
he discusses corrective justice, thus – “punishment is a means of
restoring the balance between pleasure and pain”
The Emergence of Secular Law
4
th
A.D. – secular laws were advocated by Christian
Philosopher who recognizes the need for justice. Some of the
proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thosmas
Aquinas.
Laws were distinguished:
External Law (Lex Externa)
Lex Divina (Divine Law)
Natural Law (Lex Naturalis)
Human Law (Lex Humana)
All these laws are intended for the common good, but
the Human Law became valid if it does not conflict with the other
two laws.
The Judean – Christian Theory
Following the Secular Theory of punishment was the
Judean or Christian Theory, which was at its fullest development
during the death of Christ in 30 A.D. this theory of expiation believes
that punishment has a redemptive purpose of repelling sin
advocated by the devil.
The Primary Schools of Penology:
1.The Classical School – it maintains the “Doctrine of
Psychological Hedonism” or “Free Will”. The individual
calculates pleasure and pain in advance of action and
regulates his conduct by the result of his calculations.
Basis of Criminal Liability – absolute human free
will
2.The Neo-Classical School – it maintained that while the
classical doctrine is correct in general, it should be modified
in certain details. Since children and lunatics cannot
calculate the differences of pleasures form pain, they
should not be regarded as criminals; hence they should be
free from punishment.
Result of the Neo-Classical Theory:
Exempting circumstances admitted
Reduction of punishment for partial freedom
of the will – only partial responsibility
Punishment was mitigated for lack of full
responsibility
It represented the reaction against the
seventy of the classical theory of equal
punishment irrespective of circumstances
3.The Positivist / Italian School – the school that denied
individual responsibility and reflected non-punitive
reactions to crime and criminality. It adheres that crime, as
any other act, is a natural phenomenon. Criminals are
considered as sick individuals who need to be treated by
treatment programs rather than punitive actions against
them.
Treats criminals as sick individuals
Purpose of punishment is treatment and
rehabilitation
Eclectic – it means selecting the best of various styles or ideas,
also known as Mixed Theory.
Redress (Compensation) of a Wrong Act
Retaliation (Personal Vengeance) – the earliest remedy for a wrong
act to anyone in the Primitive Society, the concept of personal
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Athenian Philosopher, Aristotle. In his book “Nicomedean Ethics”,
he discusses corrective justice, thus – “punishment is a means of
restoring the balance between pleasure and pain”
The Emergence of Secular Law
4
th
A.D. – secular laws were advocated by Christian
Philosopher who recognizes the need for justice. Some of the
proponents these laws were St. Augustine and St. Thosmas
Aquinas.
Laws were distinguished:
External Law (Lex Externa)
Lex Divina (Divine Law)
Natural Law (Lex Naturalis)
Human Law (Lex Humana)
All these laws are intended for the common good, but
the Human Law became valid if it does not conflict with the other
two laws.
The Judean – Christian Theory
Following the Secular Theory of punishment was the
Judean or Christian Theory, which was at its fullest development
during the death of Christ in 30 A.D. this theory of expiation believes
that punishment has a redemptive purpose of repelling sin
advocated by the devil.
The Primary Schools of Penology:
1.The Classical School – it maintains the “Doctrine of
Psychological Hedonism” or “Free Will”. The individual
calculates pleasure and pain in advance of action and
regulates his conduct by the result of his calculations.
Basis of Criminal Liability – absolute human free
will
2.The Neo-Classical School – it maintained that while the
classical doctrine is correct in general, it should be modified
in certain details. Since children and lunatics cannot
calculate the differences of pleasures form pain, they
should not be regarded as criminals; hence they should be
free from punishment.
Result of the Neo-Classical Theory:
Exempting circumstances admitted
Reduction of punishment for partial freedom
of the will – only partial responsibility
Punishment was mitigated for lack of full
responsibility
It represented the reaction against the
seventy of the classical theory of equal
punishment irrespective of circumstances
3.The Positivist / Italian School – the school that denied
individual responsibility and reflected non-punitive
reactions to crime and criminality. It adheres that crime, as
any other act, is a natural phenomenon. Criminals are
considered as sick individuals who need to be treated by
treatment programs rather than punitive actions against
them.
Treats criminals as sick individuals
Purpose of punishment is treatment and
rehabilitation
Eclectic – it means selecting the best of various styles or ideas,
also known as Mixed Theory.
Redress (Compensation) of a Wrong Act
Retaliation (Personal Vengeance) – the earliest remedy for a wrong
act to anyone in the Primitive Society, the concept of personal
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
revenge by the victim’s family or tribe against the family or tribe of
the offender, hence “Blood Feuds” was accepted in the early
primitive societies.
Fines and Punishment – customs has exerted effort and great force
among primitive societies. The acceptance of vengeance in the form
of payment (cattle, food, personal services, etc) became accepted as
dictated by tribal traditions. As tribal leaders, elders and later kings
came into power, they begun to exert their authority on the
negotiations. Wrongdoers could choose to stay away from the
proceedings (Trial by Ordeal) but if they refuse to abide by the law
imposed, they will be declared to be an outlaw.
Early Codes:
1.Babylonian and Sumerian Codes
a.Code of King Hammurabi (Hammurabic Code) –
Babylon, about 1990 B.C. credited as the oldest code
prescribing savage punishment, but in fact Sumerian
Codes (Code of King Ur-Nammu) were nearly on
hundred years older.
–Applied the Doctrine of Lex Taliones (Law
of Retaliation)
–Believed in the philosophy of Tit for Tat
2.Roman and Greek Codes
a.Justinian Code – 6
th
Century A.D. Emperor Justinian of
Rome wrote his code of law. An effort to match a
desirable amount of punishment to all possible
crimes. However, the law did not survive due to the
fall of the Roman Empire but left a foundation of
Western Legal Codes.
The Twelve Tables (XII Tabulae), (451-450 BC)
– represented the earliest codification of
Roman law incorporated into the Justinian
Code. It is the foundation of all public and
private law of the Romans until the time of
Justinian. It is also a collection of legal
principles engraved on the tablets and set up
on the forum.
b.Greek Code of Draco – in Greece, the Code of Draco,
a harsh code that provides the same punishment for
both citizens and the slaves as it incorporates
primitive concepts (Vengeance, Blood Feuds)
The Greeks were the first society to allow any
citizen too prosecutes the offender in the
name of the injured party.
3.The Burgundian Code (500 A.D.) – specified punishment
according to the social class of offender, dividing them into:
nobles, middle class, and lower class and specifying the
value of the life of each person according to social status.
Early Codes (Philippine Setting)
The Spanish Civil Code became effective in the
Philippines on December 7, 1889, the “Conquistadores” and the
“Kodigo Penal” (The Revised Penal Code today, 1930) was
introduced by the Spaniards promulgated by the King of Spain.
Basically, these laws adopted the Roman Law principles (Coquia,
Principles of Roman Law 1996). Sometimes called as “Ley
Engiciamiento Criminal”
Mostly tribal traditions, customs and practices influenced
laws during the Pre-Spanish Philippines. There are also laws that
were written which include:
a.The Code of Kalantiao (promulgated in 1433) – by
Datu Kalantiao of Panay. The most extensive and
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
the offender, hence “Blood Feuds” was accepted in the early
primitive societies.
Fines and Punishment – customs has exerted effort and great force
among primitive societies. The acceptance of vengeance in the form
of payment (cattle, food, personal services, etc) became accepted as
dictated by tribal traditions. As tribal leaders, elders and later kings
came into power, they begun to exert their authority on the
negotiations. Wrongdoers could choose to stay away from the
proceedings (Trial by Ordeal) but if they refuse to abide by the law
imposed, they will be declared to be an outlaw.
Early Codes:
1.Babylonian and Sumerian Codes
a.Code of King Hammurabi (Hammurabic Code) –
Babylon, about 1990 B.C. credited as the oldest code
prescribing savage punishment, but in fact Sumerian
Codes (Code of King Ur-Nammu) were nearly on
hundred years older.
–Applied the Doctrine of Lex Taliones (Law
of Retaliation)
–Believed in the philosophy of Tit for Tat
2.Roman and Greek Codes
a.Justinian Code – 6
th
Century A.D. Emperor Justinian of
Rome wrote his code of law. An effort to match a
desirable amount of punishment to all possible
crimes. However, the law did not survive due to the
fall of the Roman Empire but left a foundation of
Western Legal Codes.
The Twelve Tables (XII Tabulae), (451-450 BC)
– represented the earliest codification of
Roman law incorporated into the Justinian
Code. It is the foundation of all public and
private law of the Romans until the time of
Justinian. It is also a collection of legal
principles engraved on the tablets and set up
on the forum.
b.Greek Code of Draco – in Greece, the Code of Draco,
a harsh code that provides the same punishment for
both citizens and the slaves as it incorporates
primitive concepts (Vengeance, Blood Feuds)
The Greeks were the first society to allow any
citizen too prosecutes the offender in the
name of the injured party.
3.The Burgundian Code (500 A.D.) – specified punishment
according to the social class of offender, dividing them into:
nobles, middle class, and lower class and specifying the
value of the life of each person according to social status.
Early Codes (Philippine Setting)
The Spanish Civil Code became effective in the
Philippines on December 7, 1889, the “Conquistadores” and the
“Kodigo Penal” (The Revised Penal Code today, 1930) was
introduced by the Spaniards promulgated by the King of Spain.
Basically, these laws adopted the Roman Law principles (Coquia,
Principles of Roman Law 1996). Sometimes called as “Ley
Engiciamiento Criminal”
Mostly tribal traditions, customs and practices influenced
laws during the Pre-Spanish Philippines. There are also laws that
were written which include:
a.The Code of Kalantiao (promulgated in 1433) – by
Datu Kalantiao of Panay. The most extensive and
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
severe law that prescribes harsh punishment in
Aklan and Panay Islands.
b.The Maragtas Code (by Datu Sumakwel of Ilo-Ilo)
c.Sikatuna Law (Bohol)
Early Prison:
1.Mamertine Prison / Carcere Mamertino – the only early
Roman place of confinement which is built under the main
sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.
Other places of confinement in the history of
confinement include FORTRESSES, CASTLES, and TOWN
GATES that were strongly built purposely against roving
bands of raiders.
2.Bridewell Workhouse – the most popular workhouse in
London which was built for the employment and housing of
English prisoners. It was named after St. Bridget Well
(1557).
3.Wulnut Street Jail – originally constructed as a detention
jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state prison and
became the first American Penitentiary.
4.Ergastalum – it is an ancient prison wherein prisoners are
attached to workbenches and are forced to do hard labor in
the period of their imprisonment.
5.Maine State Prison – a prison similar to the underground
system in a long-ago Rome.
6.Maison de Force (1627) – a house correction in Ghent,
Belgium which separate adult from juveniles and women
from men, an innovation to prison system during the
1600’s, established by Dean Jaques Villian (Father of
Penitentiary Science).
7.Sing-Sing Prison – inflicted aside from floggings denial of
reading materials and solitary confinement. The shower
bath was a gadget so constructed as to drop a volume of
water on the head of a locked naked offender. The force of
icy cold water hitting the head of the offender which cause
so much pain and extreme shock that prisoners immediately
sank into coma due to the shock and hypothermia or
sudden drop in body temperature.
8.Alcatraz (The Rock) – the prison is located on an island in
San Francisco Bay. It was built for the military in 1850 and
used by them as a fort and a prison until 1933 when it
passed to the Department of Justice thru the
recommendation of Director John Edgar Hoover and
became a civil prison until it was closed in 1963 thru the
writing of James Bennet.
–The hardest prison in history where number one
public enemies are imprisoned like Al Capone.
Famous Escapees of Alcatraz (1962):
1.Frank Morris
2.Clarence and John Anglin
–Olin Guy Blackwell – last warden of the Alcatraz
Prison
9.Devil’s island – French Penal colony from 1852 to 1959
where political prisoners are exiled
10.Robben Island – a prison complex located at the coast of
Capetown South Africa ahich serve as a refugee camp for
people afflicted with leper before converted into a prison.
11.Port Arthur – located in Tasmania, Australia, a penal colony
which is the hardest English prisoner during the middle of
the 19
th
Century.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Aklan and Panay Islands.
b.The Maragtas Code (by Datu Sumakwel of Ilo-Ilo)
c.Sikatuna Law (Bohol)
Early Prison:
1.Mamertine Prison / Carcere Mamertino – the only early
Roman place of confinement which is built under the main
sewer of Rome in 64 B.C.
Other places of confinement in the history of
confinement include FORTRESSES, CASTLES, and TOWN
GATES that were strongly built purposely against roving
bands of raiders.
2.Bridewell Workhouse – the most popular workhouse in
London which was built for the employment and housing of
English prisoners. It was named after St. Bridget Well
(1557).
3.Wulnut Street Jail – originally constructed as a detention
jail in Philadelphia. It was converted into a state prison and
became the first American Penitentiary.
4.Ergastalum – it is an ancient prison wherein prisoners are
attached to workbenches and are forced to do hard labor in
the period of their imprisonment.
5.Maine State Prison – a prison similar to the underground
system in a long-ago Rome.
6.Maison de Force (1627) – a house correction in Ghent,
Belgium which separate adult from juveniles and women
from men, an innovation to prison system during the
1600’s, established by Dean Jaques Villian (Father of
Penitentiary Science).
7.Sing-Sing Prison – inflicted aside from floggings denial of
reading materials and solitary confinement. The shower
bath was a gadget so constructed as to drop a volume of
water on the head of a locked naked offender. The force of
icy cold water hitting the head of the offender which cause
so much pain and extreme shock that prisoners immediately
sank into coma due to the shock and hypothermia or
sudden drop in body temperature.
8.Alcatraz (The Rock) – the prison is located on an island in
San Francisco Bay. It was built for the military in 1850 and
used by them as a fort and a prison until 1933 when it
passed to the Department of Justice thru the
recommendation of Director John Edgar Hoover and
became a civil prison until it was closed in 1963 thru the
writing of James Bennet.
–The hardest prison in history where number one
public enemies are imprisoned like Al Capone.
Famous Escapees of Alcatraz (1962):
1.Frank Morris
2.Clarence and John Anglin
–Olin Guy Blackwell – last warden of the Alcatraz
Prison
9.Devil’s island – French Penal colony from 1852 to 1959
where political prisoners are exiled
10.Robben Island – a prison complex located at the coast of
Capetown South Africa ahich serve as a refugee camp for
people afflicted with leper before converted into a prison.
11.Port Arthur – located in Tasmania, Australia, a penal colony
which is the hardest English prisoner during the middle of
the 19
th
Century.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Early Prisons in the Philippines:
During the Pre-Spanish period, prison system in the
Philippines was tribal in nature. Village chieftains administered it. It
was historically traced from the early written laws.
Established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the
Revised Administrative codeand formally opened by Royal Decree in
1865, the first Bilibid Prison was constructed and became the
central place of confinement for Filipino Prisoners by virtue of the
Royal Decree of the Spanish Crown.
In 1936, the city of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa
property with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site for
boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now being used
as the Manila City Jail famous as the “May Halique Estate”
It is the redress (compensation) that the state takes against
an offending member of society that usually involves pain
and suffering.
It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for crime or
wrongdoing.
The authoritative imposition of something negative on
unpleasant on a person in response to behavior deemed
wrong by law.
Penalty and the Modern Period of Correction
Penalty is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state
against an offending member for the transgression of law.
Ancient Forms of Punishment:
1.Death Penalty / Capital Punishment – affected by burning,
beheading, breaking at the wheels, pillory, and other forms
of medieval executions.
Death Convicts refers to an inmate death penalty /
sentence imposed by the Regional Trial Court is affirmed by
the Supreme Court.
2.Physical Torture / Corporal Punishment – affected by
maiming, mutilation, whipping and other inhuman or
barbaric forms of inflicting pain. The infliction of physical
pain as a form of punishment.
3.Social Degradation – putting the offender into shame or
humiliation.
4.Banishment or Exile / Ostracism / Outlawry – sending or
putting of an offender which carried out either by
prohibition against coming into a specified territory such as
an island to where the offender has been removed.
Presently known as “Destierro”
Methods of Death Penalty Executed in the Philippines
1.Garrote – this became popular when three Friar’s Priest
commonly addressed as GOMBURZA, were executed in
1872 by the Spanish colonial rulers for exposing the
venalities of the church.
–An iron collar attached upon scaffold formerly
used in Spain and Portugal. The convict is seated
on the improvised chair with both hands and feet
tied. Then, the victim’s neck is placed on the
collar attached to it, finally the iron collar is
slowly tightened by the screw at the back chair
by the executioner until the death is pronounced
dead.
–This method of execution was abolished in the
Philippines by virtue of Act 451.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
During the Pre-Spanish period, prison system in the
Philippines was tribal in nature. Village chieftains administered it. It
was historically traced from the early written laws.
Established in 1847 pursuant to Section 1708 of the
Revised Administrative codeand formally opened by Royal Decree in
1865, the first Bilibid Prison was constructed and became the
central place of confinement for Filipino Prisoners by virtue of the
Royal Decree of the Spanish Crown.
In 1936, the city of Manila exchanges its Muntinlupa
property with the Bureau of Prisons originally intended as a site for
boys’ training school. Today, the old Bilibid Prison is now being used
as the Manila City Jail famous as the “May Halique Estate”
It is the redress (compensation) that the state takes against
an offending member of society that usually involves pain
and suffering.
It is also the penalty imposed on an offender for crime or
wrongdoing.
The authoritative imposition of something negative on
unpleasant on a person in response to behavior deemed
wrong by law.
Penalty and the Modern Period of Correction
Penalty is defined as the suffering inflicted by the state
against an offending member for the transgression of law.
Ancient Forms of Punishment:
1.Death Penalty / Capital Punishment – affected by burning,
beheading, breaking at the wheels, pillory, and other forms
of medieval executions.
Death Convicts refers to an inmate death penalty /
sentence imposed by the Regional Trial Court is affirmed by
the Supreme Court.
2.Physical Torture / Corporal Punishment – affected by
maiming, mutilation, whipping and other inhuman or
barbaric forms of inflicting pain. The infliction of physical
pain as a form of punishment.
3.Social Degradation – putting the offender into shame or
humiliation.
4.Banishment or Exile / Ostracism / Outlawry – sending or
putting of an offender which carried out either by
prohibition against coming into a specified territory such as
an island to where the offender has been removed.
Presently known as “Destierro”
Methods of Death Penalty Executed in the Philippines
1.Garrote – this became popular when three Friar’s Priest
commonly addressed as GOMBURZA, were executed in
1872 by the Spanish colonial rulers for exposing the
venalities of the church.
–An iron collar attached upon scaffold formerly
used in Spain and Portugal. The convict is seated
on the improvised chair with both hands and feet
tied. Then, the victim’s neck is placed on the
collar attached to it, finally the iron collar is
slowly tightened by the screw at the back chair
by the executioner until the death is pronounced
dead.
–This method of execution was abolished in the
Philippines by virtue of Act 451.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
2.Musketry / Firing Squad – our national hero, Dr. Jose Rizal,
died due to the alleged rebellion to the Spanish
government. Drug Lord Lim Seng met his death sentence by
firing squad in 1973 at Fort Bonifacio during Martial Law.
3.Beheading / Decapitation – apprehended guerillas were
beheaded by Samurai Sword at the Japanese Kempetei
Garrison in 1943.
–Derived from the Latin word DE meaning
FROM, and CAPUT meaning a HEAD. Instead of
using an axe, the method employed is by use of
a sword and the practice whispered in China
and Muslim States.
4.Hanging – the famous tiger of Malaysia, Yamashita died of
hanging from 13
th
footstep platform in 1946.
–Mostly, the execution is conducted at dawn.
The executioner will place a cloth over his head.
Steel weights are strapped to the legs of the
death convicts to ensure that he/she will die
quickly. Then the rope will be placed around the
neck or the convict, and finally, the platform will
be removed.
5.Electric Hair / Silia Electrica – the Muntinlupa Electric,
which was originally used way back 1926, is chair has
claimed more than seventy offenders convicted of capital
offenses since its installation four decades ago.
–The convict is seated on a chair made of
electrical conducting materials with strap of
electrodes on wrist, ankle, and head. Upon
orders, the levers will be pulled-up and the fatal
volts of alternating current pass the body until
the convict dies. If ever the convict is still alive,
the lever shall be pulled again until he is
pronounced dead.
6.Lethal Injection / Intravenous Poisoning – while the 1987
Constitution abolished death sentence, however, Congress
in 1996 passed RA 7659 as amended by RA 8177 that
imposes death penalty for heinous crime by Lethal Injection.
–Developed in 1924 by an anesthesiologist in
Nevada. Components of chemicals used in
Lethal Injection are:
Sodium Thiopental – a sleep inducing
barbiturate used in surgery to put the
patient asleep.
Pancuronium Bromide – a drug
capable of paralyzing the muscles.
Potassium Chloride – capable of
stopping heartbeat within seconds,
this is commonly used in heart-by-
pass operations.
Other Forms of Execution
1.Stoning to Death – a form of execution wherein the
condemned person is pelted with stones.
2.Crucifixion – a person convicted to death was nailed on the
cross with both hands andd feet to add ignominy to his
agony and humiliation. He was crowned with the specter of
spines of vines in his head. Then the Roman pears were
thrusts to his flesh body and died of asphyxiation.
3.Burning at Stake – form of execution wherein the convict
ids tied in pole and then set on fire alive.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
died due to the alleged rebellion to the Spanish
government. Drug Lord Lim Seng met his death sentence by
firing squad in 1973 at Fort Bonifacio during Martial Law.
3.Beheading / Decapitation – apprehended guerillas were
beheaded by Samurai Sword at the Japanese Kempetei
Garrison in 1943.
–Derived from the Latin word DE meaning
FROM, and CAPUT meaning a HEAD. Instead of
using an axe, the method employed is by use of
a sword and the practice whispered in China
and Muslim States.
4.Hanging – the famous tiger of Malaysia, Yamashita died of
hanging from 13
th
footstep platform in 1946.
–Mostly, the execution is conducted at dawn.
The executioner will place a cloth over his head.
Steel weights are strapped to the legs of the
death convicts to ensure that he/she will die
quickly. Then the rope will be placed around the
neck or the convict, and finally, the platform will
be removed.
5.Electric Hair / Silia Electrica – the Muntinlupa Electric,
which was originally used way back 1926, is chair has
claimed more than seventy offenders convicted of capital
offenses since its installation four decades ago.
–The convict is seated on a chair made of
electrical conducting materials with strap of
electrodes on wrist, ankle, and head. Upon
orders, the levers will be pulled-up and the fatal
volts of alternating current pass the body until
the convict dies. If ever the convict is still alive,
the lever shall be pulled again until he is
pronounced dead.
6.Lethal Injection / Intravenous Poisoning – while the 1987
Constitution abolished death sentence, however, Congress
in 1996 passed RA 7659 as amended by RA 8177 that
imposes death penalty for heinous crime by Lethal Injection.
–Developed in 1924 by an anesthesiologist in
Nevada. Components of chemicals used in
Lethal Injection are:
Sodium Thiopental – a sleep inducing
barbiturate used in surgery to put the
patient asleep.
Pancuronium Bromide – a drug
capable of paralyzing the muscles.
Potassium Chloride – capable of
stopping heartbeat within seconds,
this is commonly used in heart-by-
pass operations.
Other Forms of Execution
1.Stoning to Death – a form of execution wherein the
condemned person is pelted with stones.
2.Crucifixion – a person convicted to death was nailed on the
cross with both hands andd feet to add ignominy to his
agony and humiliation. He was crowned with the specter of
spines of vines in his head. Then the Roman pears were
thrusts to his flesh body and died of asphyxiation.
3.Burning at Stake – form of execution wherein the convict
ids tied in pole and then set on fire alive.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
4.Pillory – Bouvier’s dictionary defines pillory as a wooden
machine, in which the neck of the doomed culprit is
inserted thereof and usually executed in public as a means
of punishing offenders in Europe and Colonial America.
–Pillory is a wooden frame with three curved
holes in it (two for the left and right wrists and
the middle curved hole is for the neck) and
mounted on the post upon platform
condemned man is left to die at the mercy of
unfriendly weather. Other similar form with
holes for the offender’s feet is called a Stock.
5.Flagellation – an x-designed log was cross-joined and
declined at 65 degrees backward. The hooded doomed-man
was tied on the cross-x with both hands spread upward
while the feet were spread apart. The con-man is bare
naked except in the skimpy short pants.
–The whipping rod is made of stripped hard
leather with brass button in laid across and
embedded at the tips. At the given signal, six
men will whip 30 lashes each alternately and
will continue, except upon the intercession of
the victim or the State. This intervention of the
aggrieved party to stop is tantamount to pardon
and the man shall be released to freedom.
6.Guillotine – a device for cutting-off people’s head
developed in 1972 by Dr. Joseph Ignacio Guillotin, a
member of the French National Assembly, he proposed that
all executions must be uniform and painless.
7.Gas Chamber – invented after World War I by a medical
Corp’s Officer of the US Army as an alternative to electric
chair. In medical term, the convict will die from HYPOXIA
which means death due to the cutting-off of oxygen in the
brain.
8.Impalement – (Impaling) a form of capital punishment, it is
the penetration of an organism by an object such as a stake,
pole, spear, or hook, by complete (or partial) perforation of
the body, often the central body mass. Killing by piercing
the body with a spear or sharp pole.
Early forms of Prison Discipline
1.Hard Labor – productive works
2.Deprivation – deprivation of everything except the bare
essentials of existence
3.Monotony – giving the same food that is “off” diet, or
requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring daily
routine.
4.Uniformity – “We treat the Prisoners Alike”, “The fault of
one is the fault of all”
5.Mass Movement – mass living in cell blocks, mass eating,
mass recreation, mass bathing.
6.Degradation – uttering insulting words or languages on the
part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or break the
confidence of prisoners.
7.Corporal Punishment – imposing brutal punishment or
employing physical force to intimidate a delinquent inmate.
8.Isolation or Solitary Confinement / Bartolina – non-
communication, limited news, “the lone wolf”
i.BJMP = 1 to 7 days
ii.BUCOR = 1 month to 2 months
iii.UN RULES = 22 hours to 15 days
Contemporary Forms of Punishment:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
machine, in which the neck of the doomed culprit is
inserted thereof and usually executed in public as a means
of punishing offenders in Europe and Colonial America.
–Pillory is a wooden frame with three curved
holes in it (two for the left and right wrists and
the middle curved hole is for the neck) and
mounted on the post upon platform
condemned man is left to die at the mercy of
unfriendly weather. Other similar form with
holes for the offender’s feet is called a Stock.
5.Flagellation – an x-designed log was cross-joined and
declined at 65 degrees backward. The hooded doomed-man
was tied on the cross-x with both hands spread upward
while the feet were spread apart. The con-man is bare
naked except in the skimpy short pants.
–The whipping rod is made of stripped hard
leather with brass button in laid across and
embedded at the tips. At the given signal, six
men will whip 30 lashes each alternately and
will continue, except upon the intercession of
the victim or the State. This intervention of the
aggrieved party to stop is tantamount to pardon
and the man shall be released to freedom.
6.Guillotine – a device for cutting-off people’s head
developed in 1972 by Dr. Joseph Ignacio Guillotin, a
member of the French National Assembly, he proposed that
all executions must be uniform and painless.
7.Gas Chamber – invented after World War I by a medical
Corp’s Officer of the US Army as an alternative to electric
chair. In medical term, the convict will die from HYPOXIA
which means death due to the cutting-off of oxygen in the
brain.
8.Impalement – (Impaling) a form of capital punishment, it is
the penetration of an organism by an object such as a stake,
pole, spear, or hook, by complete (or partial) perforation of
the body, often the central body mass. Killing by piercing
the body with a spear or sharp pole.
Early forms of Prison Discipline
1.Hard Labor – productive works
2.Deprivation – deprivation of everything except the bare
essentials of existence
3.Monotony – giving the same food that is “off” diet, or
requiring the prisoners to perform drab or boring daily
routine.
4.Uniformity – “We treat the Prisoners Alike”, “The fault of
one is the fault of all”
5.Mass Movement – mass living in cell blocks, mass eating,
mass recreation, mass bathing.
6.Degradation – uttering insulting words or languages on the
part of prison staff to the prisoners to degrade or break the
confidence of prisoners.
7.Corporal Punishment – imposing brutal punishment or
employing physical force to intimidate a delinquent inmate.
8.Isolation or Solitary Confinement / Bartolina – non-
communication, limited news, “the lone wolf”
i.BJMP = 1 to 7 days
ii.BUCOR = 1 month to 2 months
iii.UN RULES = 22 hours to 15 days
Contemporary Forms of Punishment:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
A.Imprisonment / Isolation / Incarceration / Commitment /
Incapacitation – putting the offender in prison for the purpose
of protecting the public against criminal activities and at the
same time rehabilitating the prisoners by requiring then to
undergo institutional treatment programs.
Duration of Penalties:
1.Death Penalty – Capital Punishment
2.Life Imprisonment – Life time imprisonment for SPL
3.Reclusion Perpetua – 20 years and 1 day up to 40
years
4.Reclusion Temporal – 12 years and 1 day up to 20
years
5.Prision Mayor – 6 years and 1 day up to 12 years
6.Prision Correctional – 6 months and 1 day up to 6
years
7.Arresto Mayor – 1 month and 1 day up to 6 months
8.Arresto Menor – 1 day to 30 days
9.Bond to keep the Peace – discretional on the part of
the court.
B.Parole – a conditional release of prisoners after serving part of
his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of gradually re-
introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and
supervision of a parole officer.
C.Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction
of an offense, the penalty of which does not exceed six years
imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by
the releasing court and under the supervision of a probation
officer.
D.Fine – a pecuniary amount given as a compensation for criminal
act.
E.Destierro – the penalty of banishing a person from the place
where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get near or
enter the 25-km perimeter.
Purposes/Justifications of Punishment
1.Retribution (Personal Vengeance/Revenge) – the
punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction
is violated, to afford the society or the individual the
opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable
punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be
punished because they deserve it.
2.Expiation or Atonement – punishment in a form of group
vengeance where the purpose is to appease the offended
public or group.
3.Deterrence – punishment gives lesson to the offender by
showing to others what would happen to them if they
violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential
offenders that they cannot afford to do what the offender
has done.
4.Incapacitation and Protection – the public will be protected
if the offender has being held in conditions where he cannot
harm others especially the public. Punishment is effected by
placing offenders in prison so that society will be ensured
from further criminal depredations of criminals.
5.Reformation or Rehabilitation – it is the establishment of
the usefulness and responsibility of the offender. Society’s
interest can be better served by helping the prisoner to
become law abiding citizen and productive upon his return
to the community by requiring him to undergo intensive
program of rehabilitation in prison.
The Age of Enlightenment / Age of Reason
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Incapacitation – putting the offender in prison for the purpose
of protecting the public against criminal activities and at the
same time rehabilitating the prisoners by requiring then to
undergo institutional treatment programs.
Duration of Penalties:
1.Death Penalty – Capital Punishment
2.Life Imprisonment – Life time imprisonment for SPL
3.Reclusion Perpetua – 20 years and 1 day up to 40
years
4.Reclusion Temporal – 12 years and 1 day up to 20
years
5.Prision Mayor – 6 years and 1 day up to 12 years
6.Prision Correctional – 6 months and 1 day up to 6
years
7.Arresto Mayor – 1 month and 1 day up to 6 months
8.Arresto Menor – 1 day to 30 days
9.Bond to keep the Peace – discretional on the part of
the court.
B.Parole – a conditional release of prisoners after serving part of
his/her sentence in prison for the purpose of gradually re-
introducing him/her to free life under the guidance and
supervision of a parole officer.
C.Probation – a disposition whereby a defendant after conviction
of an offense, the penalty of which does not exceed six years
imprisonment, is released subject to the conditions imposed by
the releasing court and under the supervision of a probation
officer.
D.Fine – a pecuniary amount given as a compensation for criminal
act.
E.Destierro – the penalty of banishing a person from the place
where he committed a crime, prohibiting him to get near or
enter the 25-km perimeter.
Purposes/Justifications of Punishment
1.Retribution (Personal Vengeance/Revenge) – the
punishment should be provided by the state whose sanction
is violated, to afford the society or the individual the
opportunity of imposing upon the offender suitable
punishment as might be enforced. Offenders should be
punished because they deserve it.
2.Expiation or Atonement – punishment in a form of group
vengeance where the purpose is to appease the offended
public or group.
3.Deterrence – punishment gives lesson to the offender by
showing to others what would happen to them if they
violate the law. Punishment is imposed to warn potential
offenders that they cannot afford to do what the offender
has done.
4.Incapacitation and Protection – the public will be protected
if the offender has being held in conditions where he cannot
harm others especially the public. Punishment is effected by
placing offenders in prison so that society will be ensured
from further criminal depredations of criminals.
5.Reformation or Rehabilitation – it is the establishment of
the usefulness and responsibility of the offender. Society’s
interest can be better served by helping the prisoner to
become law abiding citizen and productive upon his return
to the community by requiring him to undergo intensive
program of rehabilitation in prison.
The Age of Enlightenment / Age of Reason
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
18
th
Century is a century of change. It is the period of
recognizing human dignity. It is the movement of reformation, the
period of introduction of certain reforms in the correctional field by
certain reforms in the correctional field by certain person, gradually
changing the old positive philosophy of punishment to a more
humane treatment of prisoners with innovational programs.
Juridical Conditions (Legal Requisites) of Penalty
Punishment must be:
1.Productive of suffering – without however affecting the
integrity of the human personality.
2.Commensurate with the Offense – different crimes must be
punished with different penalties (Art. 25 RPC)
3.Personal – the guilty one must be the one to be punished,
no proxy
4.Legal – the consequence must be in accordance with the
law
5.Equal – equal for all persons
6.Certain – no one must escape its effect
7.Correctional – changes the attitude of offenders and
became law-abiding citizens.
The Pioneers Correctional System
1.William Penn (1614-1718) – he fought for religious
freedom and individual rights. He is the first leader to
prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major
offenders. He is also responsible for the abolition of death
penalty and torture as a form of punishment.
2.Charles Montesiquieu (Charles Louis Secondat Baron de la
Brede et de Montesiquieu) (1689-1755) – a French historian
and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of
justice. He believe that harsh punishment would
undermine morality and that appealing to moral
sentiments as a better means of preventing crime.
3.Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) (1694-1778) – he was the
most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He
believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime. He
fought the legality-sanctioned practice of torture.
4.Cesare Beccaria (Cesare Bonesa Marchese de Beccaria)
(1738-1794) – he wrote an essay entitled”An Essay on
Crimes and Punishment”, the most exiting essay on law
during this century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.
“Let the Punishment Fit the Crime”.
5.Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) – the greatest leader in the
reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that whatever
punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain
the criminal derives from crime; the crime rate would go
down. He proposed the philosophy of Utilitarianism. He also
advocated the imaginary mathematical formula of Felicific
Calculus. He is the one who devise the ultimate Panopticon
Prison.
Panopticon Prison – a prison that consists of a large
circular building containing multi cells around the
periphery. It was never built.
-Panopticon – to see everything or
to observe
6.John Howard (1726-1790) – the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in
1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. He
is the Father of Prison Reform in the World, Great Prison
reformer, A Philanthropist and the first English Prison
Reformer. After his findings on English Prisons, he
recommended the following:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
th
Century is a century of change. It is the period of
recognizing human dignity. It is the movement of reformation, the
period of introduction of certain reforms in the correctional field by
certain reforms in the correctional field by certain person, gradually
changing the old positive philosophy of punishment to a more
humane treatment of prisoners with innovational programs.
Juridical Conditions (Legal Requisites) of Penalty
Punishment must be:
1.Productive of suffering – without however affecting the
integrity of the human personality.
2.Commensurate with the Offense – different crimes must be
punished with different penalties (Art. 25 RPC)
3.Personal – the guilty one must be the one to be punished,
no proxy
4.Legal – the consequence must be in accordance with the
law
5.Equal – equal for all persons
6.Certain – no one must escape its effect
7.Correctional – changes the attitude of offenders and
became law-abiding citizens.
The Pioneers Correctional System
1.William Penn (1614-1718) – he fought for religious
freedom and individual rights. He is the first leader to
prescribe imprisonment as correctional treatment for major
offenders. He is also responsible for the abolition of death
penalty and torture as a form of punishment.
2.Charles Montesiquieu (Charles Louis Secondat Baron de la
Brede et de Montesiquieu) (1689-1755) – a French historian
and philosopher who analyzed law as an expression of
justice. He believe that harsh punishment would
undermine morality and that appealing to moral
sentiments as a better means of preventing crime.
3.Voltaire (Francois Marie Arouet) (1694-1778) – he was the
most versatile of all philosophers during this period. He
believes that fear of shame was a deterrent to crime. He
fought the legality-sanctioned practice of torture.
4.Cesare Beccaria (Cesare Bonesa Marchese de Beccaria)
(1738-1794) – he wrote an essay entitled”An Essay on
Crimes and Punishment”, the most exiting essay on law
during this century. It presented the humanistic goal of law.
“Let the Punishment Fit the Crime”.
5.Jeremy Bentham (1748-1832) – the greatest leader in the
reform of English Criminal Law. He believes that whatever
punishment designed to negate whatever pleasure or gain
the criminal derives from crime; the crime rate would go
down. He proposed the philosophy of Utilitarianism. He also
advocated the imaginary mathematical formula of Felicific
Calculus. He is the one who devise the ultimate Panopticon
Prison.
Panopticon Prison – a prison that consists of a large
circular building containing multi cells around the
periphery. It was never built.
-Panopticon – to see everything or
to observe
6.John Howard (1726-1790) – the sheriff of Bedsfordshire in
1773 who devoted his life and fortune to prison reform. He
is the Father of Prison Reform in the World, Great Prison
reformer, A Philanthropist and the first English Prison
Reformer. After his findings on English Prisons, he
recommended the following:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Single Cells for Sleeping
Segregation of Women
Segregation of Youth
Provision of Sanitation Facilities
Abolition of Fee System by which jailers obtained
money from prisoners
7.Elam Lynds – warden of the Auburn and later of Sing-Sing
(which he built), was one of the most influential persons in
the development of early prison discipline in America. He is
described as having been a strict disciplinarian who believes
that all convicts were cowards who could not be reformed
until their spirit was broken. To this end he devised a system
of brutal punishments and degrading procedures, many of
which remained as accepted practice until very recent
times.
8.Jean Jacques Villain – Father of Penitentiary Science. He
pioneered classification to separate women and children
from hardened criminals.
9.James V. Bennett – Director of Federal Bureau of Prisons.
He wrote about the closing of Alcatraz Prison and built the
Federal Correctional Institution in Seagoville Texas.
10.Elizabeth Fry – An English reformer sometimes referred to
as the “Angel of Prison” because of her driving force behind
new legislation to treat prisoners humanely.
The Reformatory Movement
1.Alexander Mocanochie – He is the Superintendent of the
Penal Colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1840) who
introduce the “Mark System”. A system in which a prisoner
os required to earn a number of marks based on proper
department, labor, and study in order to entitle him for a
ticket for leave or conditional release which is similar to
parole. He is the Father of Parole in Australia.
2.Manuel Montesimos – the Director of Prisons in Valencia
Spain (1835) who divided the number of prisoners into
companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty officers
in-charge, which allowed good behavior to prepare the
convict for gradual release.
3.Domets of France / Frederick August Demets – established
an agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing
housefathers as in charge of these boys. The boys were
housed in cottages with house fathers as in charge. The
system was based on re-education rather than force. When
discharge the boys were place under the supervision of a
patron.
4.Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise – the Director of the English Prison
who opened the Borstal Institution for young offenders, the
Borstal Institution is considered as the reform institution
for young offenders today.
Borstal Reformatory – the first juvenile reformatory
in England. The Borstal Institution of England is
today considered best reform institution for young
offenders.
New York House of Refuge – the first juvenile
reformatory in USA
5.Walter Crofton – he is the Director of the Irish Prison in
1854 who introduced the Irish system that was modified
from Mocanochie’s Mark System.
Progressive Mark System
Irish System
Father of Parole in Ireland
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Segregation of Women
Segregation of Youth
Provision of Sanitation Facilities
Abolition of Fee System by which jailers obtained
money from prisoners
7.Elam Lynds – warden of the Auburn and later of Sing-Sing
(which he built), was one of the most influential persons in
the development of early prison discipline in America. He is
described as having been a strict disciplinarian who believes
that all convicts were cowards who could not be reformed
until their spirit was broken. To this end he devised a system
of brutal punishments and degrading procedures, many of
which remained as accepted practice until very recent
times.
8.Jean Jacques Villain – Father of Penitentiary Science. He
pioneered classification to separate women and children
from hardened criminals.
9.James V. Bennett – Director of Federal Bureau of Prisons.
He wrote about the closing of Alcatraz Prison and built the
Federal Correctional Institution in Seagoville Texas.
10.Elizabeth Fry – An English reformer sometimes referred to
as the “Angel of Prison” because of her driving force behind
new legislation to treat prisoners humanely.
The Reformatory Movement
1.Alexander Mocanochie – He is the Superintendent of the
Penal Colony at Norfolk Island in Australia (1840) who
introduce the “Mark System”. A system in which a prisoner
os required to earn a number of marks based on proper
department, labor, and study in order to entitle him for a
ticket for leave or conditional release which is similar to
parole. He is the Father of Parole in Australia.
2.Manuel Montesimos – the Director of Prisons in Valencia
Spain (1835) who divided the number of prisoners into
companies and appointed certain prisoners as petty officers
in-charge, which allowed good behavior to prepare the
convict for gradual release.
3.Domets of France / Frederick August Demets – established
an agricultural colony for delinquent boys in 1839 providing
housefathers as in charge of these boys. The boys were
housed in cottages with house fathers as in charge. The
system was based on re-education rather than force. When
discharge the boys were place under the supervision of a
patron.
4.Sir Evelyn Ruggles Brise – the Director of the English Prison
who opened the Borstal Institution for young offenders, the
Borstal Institution is considered as the reform institution
for young offenders today.
Borstal Reformatory – the first juvenile reformatory
in England. The Borstal Institution of England is
today considered best reform institution for young
offenders.
New York House of Refuge – the first juvenile
reformatory in USA
5.Walter Crofton – he is the Director of the Irish Prison in
1854 who introduced the Irish system that was modified
from Mocanochie’s Mark System.
Progressive Mark System
Irish System
Father of Parole in Ireland
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Four Stages of Irish System:
I.The first stage of the Irish System was Solitary
Confinement for nine months at a certain prison.
II.The second stage was an Assignment to the Public
Works at Spike Island. The prisoner worked his
promotion through a series of the grades, according
to a mark system.
III.The third stage, the prisoner without custodial
supervision and was expose to ordinary temptations
of freedom.
IV.The final stage was the release on supervision
under conditions equivalent to present day parole.
6.Zebulon Brockway – the Director of the Elmira reformatory
in New York (1876) who introduced certain innovational
programs like the following:
Training School Type
Compulsory Education of Prisoners
Casework Methods
Extensive Use of Parole
Indeterminate Sentence
The Elmira Reformatory (The Hill) is
considered forerunner of modern penology
because it had all the elements of a modern
system. Extensively used non-institutional
correction. A new institutional program for
boys from 16 to 30 years of age.
GOLDEN AGE OF PENOLOGY (1870-1880)
Events:
1.The National Prison Association, now American
Correctional Association was organized and its first annual
Congress was held in Cincinati, Ohio.
2.The first International Prison Congress was held in London.
Representative of the government of the United States and
European Countries attended it. As a result of this Congress,
the International Penal and Penitentiary Commission, an
inter-governmental organization was established in 1875
with headquarters at The Hague.
3.The Elmira Reformatory a training school type of
institutional program, social casework in the institution, and
extensive of parole. The first separate institution for
women was established in Indiana and Massachusettes.
Two Rival Prison Systems in the History of Correction
1.Auburn Prison System – the prison system called the
“Congregate System” / Group System. The prisoners are
confined in their own cells during the night and congregate
work in shops during the day. Complete silence was
enforced.
Hard Wood Shops – place where prisoners do
their labor
2.Pennsylvania Prison System – the prison system called
“Solitary System” / Silent System / Separate System.
Prisoners are confined in single cells day and night where
they lived, they slept, and they ate, and receive religious
instructions. Complete silence was also enforced. They are
required to read the Bible.
–In 1934, the League of Nations adopted the
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of
Prisoners, drafted by the IPCC. The League
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
I.The first stage of the Irish System was Solitary
Confinement for nine months at a certain prison.
II.The second stage was an Assignment to the Public
Works at Spike Island. The prisoner worked his
promotion through a series of the grades, according
to a mark system.
III.The third stage, the prisoner without custodial
supervision and was expose to ordinary temptations
of freedom.
IV.The final stage was the release on supervision
under conditions equivalent to present day parole.
6.Zebulon Brockway – the Director of the Elmira reformatory
in New York (1876) who introduced certain innovational
programs like the following:
Training School Type
Compulsory Education of Prisoners
Casework Methods
Extensive Use of Parole
Indeterminate Sentence
The Elmira Reformatory (The Hill) is
considered forerunner of modern penology
because it had all the elements of a modern
system. Extensively used non-institutional
correction. A new institutional program for
boys from 16 to 30 years of age.
GOLDEN AGE OF PENOLOGY (1870-1880)
Events:
1.The National Prison Association, now American
Correctional Association was organized and its first annual
Congress was held in Cincinati, Ohio.
2.The first International Prison Congress was held in London.
Representative of the government of the United States and
European Countries attended it. As a result of this Congress,
the International Penal and Penitentiary Commission, an
inter-governmental organization was established in 1875
with headquarters at The Hague.
3.The Elmira Reformatory a training school type of
institutional program, social casework in the institution, and
extensive of parole. The first separate institution for
women was established in Indiana and Massachusettes.
Two Rival Prison Systems in the History of Correction
1.Auburn Prison System – the prison system called the
“Congregate System” / Group System. The prisoners are
confined in their own cells during the night and congregate
work in shops during the day. Complete silence was
enforced.
Hard Wood Shops – place where prisoners do
their labor
2.Pennsylvania Prison System – the prison system called
“Solitary System” / Silent System / Separate System.
Prisoners are confined in single cells day and night where
they lived, they slept, and they ate, and receive religious
instructions. Complete silence was also enforced. They are
required to read the Bible.
–In 1934, the League of Nations adopted the
Standard Minimum Rules for the Treatment of
Prisoners, drafted by the IPCC. The League
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
requested all governments to give the greatest
possible publicity to the Rules; to take the
necessary measures in order that they might be
observed; and to submit regular reports
regarding their application and regarding the
prison reforms achieved in the respective
countries.
Prison
A Penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment
(incarceration) of persons convicted of major/serious crimes.
A building, usually with cells, or other places established
for the purpose of taking safe custody or confinement of criminals.
A place of confinement for those charged with or
convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.
A public building or other place for the confinement of
person, whether as a punishment imposed by the law or otherwise
in the course of the administration of justice.
(As defined in the Bureau of Corrections Operating
Manual) it also refers to a penal establishment under the control of
the Bureau of Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid Prison,
the Correction Institution for Women, Leyte Regional Prison, and
the Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan, and Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm.
Who are a Prisoner / Inmate?
Prisoner
A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful
authority. A person, who by a decision issued by a court, may be
deprived of his liberty or freedom.
A prisoner is any person detained/confined in jail or
prison for the commission of a criminal offense or convicted and
serving in a penal institution.
A person committed to jail or prison by a competent
authority for any of the following reasons:
To serve a sentence after conviction
Trial
Investigation
Inmate
(Brief Definition) either a prisoner or detainee confined
in jail.
(As defined in the Bureau of Corrections Operating
Manual) refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by the court
to serve a maximum term of imprisonment or more than three
years or to a fine of more than one thousand pesos or regardless of
the length of the sentence imposed by the court, to one sentenced
for violation of the Customs Law or other laws within the
jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs of enforceable by it, or
violation of immigration and election laws; or to one sentenced to
serve two or more prison sentences in the aggregate exceeding the
period of three years, whether or not he has appealed, it shall
include a person committed to the Bureau by a court or competent
authority for safekeeping or similar purpose. Unless otherwise
indicated, “inmate” shall also refer to a “detainee”
Person Deprived of Liberty
Refers to a detainee, inmate, or prisoner, or other
person under confinement or custody in any other manner.
However, in order to prevent labeling, branding, or shaming by the
use of these or other derogatory words, the term “prisoner” has
been replaced by this new and neutral phrase.
General Classification of Prisoners
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
possible publicity to the Rules; to take the
necessary measures in order that they might be
observed; and to submit regular reports
regarding their application and regarding the
prison reforms achieved in the respective
countries.
Prison
A Penitentiary, an institution for the imprisonment
(incarceration) of persons convicted of major/serious crimes.
A building, usually with cells, or other places established
for the purpose of taking safe custody or confinement of criminals.
A place of confinement for those charged with or
convicted of offenses against the laws of the land.
A public building or other place for the confinement of
person, whether as a punishment imposed by the law or otherwise
in the course of the administration of justice.
(As defined in the Bureau of Corrections Operating
Manual) it also refers to a penal establishment under the control of
the Bureau of Corrections and shall include the New Bilibid Prison,
the Correction Institution for Women, Leyte Regional Prison, and
the Davao, San Ramon, Sablayan, and Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm.
Who are a Prisoner / Inmate?
Prisoner
A prisoner is a person who is under the custody of lawful
authority. A person, who by a decision issued by a court, may be
deprived of his liberty or freedom.
A prisoner is any person detained/confined in jail or
prison for the commission of a criminal offense or convicted and
serving in a penal institution.
A person committed to jail or prison by a competent
authority for any of the following reasons:
To serve a sentence after conviction
Trial
Investigation
Inmate
(Brief Definition) either a prisoner or detainee confined
in jail.
(As defined in the Bureau of Corrections Operating
Manual) refers to a national prisoner or one sentenced by the court
to serve a maximum term of imprisonment or more than three
years or to a fine of more than one thousand pesos or regardless of
the length of the sentence imposed by the court, to one sentenced
for violation of the Customs Law or other laws within the
jurisdiction of the Bureau of Customs of enforceable by it, or
violation of immigration and election laws; or to one sentenced to
serve two or more prison sentences in the aggregate exceeding the
period of three years, whether or not he has appealed, it shall
include a person committed to the Bureau by a court or competent
authority for safekeeping or similar purpose. Unless otherwise
indicated, “inmate” shall also refer to a “detainee”
Person Deprived of Liberty
Refers to a detainee, inmate, or prisoner, or other
person under confinement or custody in any other manner.
However, in order to prevent labeling, branding, or shaming by the
use of these or other derogatory words, the term “prisoner” has
been replaced by this new and neutral phrase.
General Classification of Prisoners
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
1.Detention Prisoners – those detained for investigation,
preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial. A detainee in a lock up
jail. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of courts.
–Also known as “Detainee”, person who is
confined in prison pending preliminary
investigation, trial or appeal; or upon legal
process issued by the competent authority.
–A person accused before a court or competent
authority who is temporarily confined in jail
while undergoing investigation, awaiting final
judgment.
2.Sentenced Prisoners – offenders who are committed to the
jail or prison in order to serve their sentence after final
conviction by a competent court. They are prisoners under
the jurisdiction of penal institutions.
3.Prisoners who are on Safekeeping – includes non-criminal
offenders who are detained in order to protect the
community against their harmful behavior.
Examples:
Mentally deranged individuals
Insane person
Safekeeping – the temporary custody of a person for his own
protection, safety, or care, and/or his security from harm, injury or
danger for the liability he has committed.
JAIL VERSUS PRISON
CATEGORIES JAIL PRISON
Purpose Accept inmates who
committed minor
offense
Accept inmates who
committed major
offense
Agency BJMP BUCOR
Department DILG DOJ
Law RA 6975
RA 9263
Act 1407
E.O. 292
RA 10575
Date of Creation January 2, 1991 November 1, 1905
Powers Accepts detainees and
convicts with 3 years of
imprisonment
Accepts offenders with
above 3 years
imprisonment
Jurisdiction Controls all City,
Municipal, and District
Jails
Supervised all seven
insular prisons in the
country
Agency Head C, BJMP
(Director Rank)
Director General
(USec)
Local Head Warden Superintendent
Personnel Jail Officer Correction Officers
Uniform of Inmates Yellow Max – Tangerine
Med – Blue
Min - Brown
Classification of Sentenced Prisoners
1.Insular or National Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a
term of sentence of three years and one day to life
imprisonment. Those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment cited above but appealed the judgment and
unable to file a bond their temporary liberty.
2.Provincial Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from six months and one day to three years
or a fine not more than one thousand pesos or both. Those
detained therein waiting for preliminary investigation of
their cases cognizable by the RTC.
NOTA BENE:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
preliminary hearing, or awaiting trial. A detainee in a lock up
jail. They are prisoners under the jurisdiction of courts.
–Also known as “Detainee”, person who is
confined in prison pending preliminary
investigation, trial or appeal; or upon legal
process issued by the competent authority.
–A person accused before a court or competent
authority who is temporarily confined in jail
while undergoing investigation, awaiting final
judgment.
2.Sentenced Prisoners – offenders who are committed to the
jail or prison in order to serve their sentence after final
conviction by a competent court. They are prisoners under
the jurisdiction of penal institutions.
3.Prisoners who are on Safekeeping – includes non-criminal
offenders who are detained in order to protect the
community against their harmful behavior.
Examples:
Mentally deranged individuals
Insane person
Safekeeping – the temporary custody of a person for his own
protection, safety, or care, and/or his security from harm, injury or
danger for the liability he has committed.
JAIL VERSUS PRISON
CATEGORIES JAIL PRISON
Purpose Accept inmates who
committed minor
offense
Accept inmates who
committed major
offense
Agency BJMP BUCOR
Department DILG DOJ
Law RA 6975
RA 9263
Act 1407
E.O. 292
RA 10575
Date of Creation January 2, 1991 November 1, 1905
Powers Accepts detainees and
convicts with 3 years of
imprisonment
Accepts offenders with
above 3 years
imprisonment
Jurisdiction Controls all City,
Municipal, and District
Jails
Supervised all seven
insular prisons in the
country
Agency Head C, BJMP
(Director Rank)
Director General
(USec)
Local Head Warden Superintendent
Personnel Jail Officer Correction Officers
Uniform of Inmates Yellow Max – Tangerine
Med – Blue
Min - Brown
Classification of Sentenced Prisoners
1.Insular or National Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a
term of sentence of three years and one day to life
imprisonment. Those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment cited above but appealed the judgment and
unable to file a bond their temporary liberty.
2.Provincial Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from six months and one day to three years
or a fine not more than one thousand pesos or both. Those
detained therein waiting for preliminary investigation of
their cases cognizable by the RTC.
NOTA BENE:
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Provincial Jail (1910) – under the office of the Governor.
Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed is more than
six months but not more than three years and the same was
committed within the municipality, the offender must serve his or
her sentence in the Provincial Jail. Where the penalty exceeds three
years, the offender shall serve his or her sentence in the penal
institutions of the Bureau of Corrections.
3.City Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from one day to three years or a fine of not
more than one thousand pesos or both. Those detained
therein whose cases are filed the MTC. Those detained
therein whose cases are cognizable by the RTC and under
Preliminary Investigation. Those ‘confined in Municipal Jails
to serve an imprisonment from one day to six months.
Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are
pending with the MTC.
Classification of Prisoners According to Degree of Security
1.Super Maximum Security Prisoners (inapplicable to the
Philippine Setting) – a special group of prisoners composed
of incorrigible, intractable, and highly dangerous persons
who are the source of the constant disturbances even in
maximum security prison. They wear orange color of
uniform.
2.Maximum Security Prisoner – the group of prisoners whose
escape could be dangerous to the public or to the security
of the state.
–It consists of constant troublemakers but not as
dangerous as the super maximum security
prisoners. Their movements are restricted and they
are not allowed to work outside the institution but
rather assigned to industrial shops with in the
prison compound.
–They are confined at the maximum security prison
(NBP Main Building); they wear orange color of
uniform.
–Prisoners includes those sentenced to serve
sentence twenty years or more, or those whose
sentenced are under the review of the Supreme
Court, and offenders who are criminally insane,
having severe personality, or emotional disorders
that make them dangerous to fellow offenders of
staff members.
3.Medium Security Prisoners – those who cannot be trusted
in open conditions and pose lesser danger than maximum
security prisoners in case they escape.
–It consists of groups of prisoners who may be
allowed to work outside the fence or walls of the
penal institution under guards or with escorts.
–They occupy the medium security prison (Camp
Sampaguita) and they wear blue color of uniform.
Generally, they are employed as agricultural
workers.
–It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence is
less than twenty years and life sentenced prisoners
who served at least ten years inside a maximum
security prison.
4.Minimum Security Prisoners – a group of prisoners who can
reasonably trusted to serve sentence under “open
conditions”
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Where the imposable penalty for the crime committed is more than
six months but not more than three years and the same was
committed within the municipality, the offender must serve his or
her sentence in the Provincial Jail. Where the penalty exceeds three
years, the offender shall serve his or her sentence in the penal
institutions of the Bureau of Corrections.
3.City Prisoners – those sentenced to suffer a term of
imprisonment from one day to three years or a fine of not
more than one thousand pesos or both. Those detained
therein whose cases are filed the MTC. Those detained
therein whose cases are cognizable by the RTC and under
Preliminary Investigation. Those ‘confined in Municipal Jails
to serve an imprisonment from one day to six months.
Those detained therein whose trials of their cases are
pending with the MTC.
Classification of Prisoners According to Degree of Security
1.Super Maximum Security Prisoners (inapplicable to the
Philippine Setting) – a special group of prisoners composed
of incorrigible, intractable, and highly dangerous persons
who are the source of the constant disturbances even in
maximum security prison. They wear orange color of
uniform.
2.Maximum Security Prisoner – the group of prisoners whose
escape could be dangerous to the public or to the security
of the state.
–It consists of constant troublemakers but not as
dangerous as the super maximum security
prisoners. Their movements are restricted and they
are not allowed to work outside the institution but
rather assigned to industrial shops with in the
prison compound.
–They are confined at the maximum security prison
(NBP Main Building); they wear orange color of
uniform.
–Prisoners includes those sentenced to serve
sentence twenty years or more, or those whose
sentenced are under the review of the Supreme
Court, and offenders who are criminally insane,
having severe personality, or emotional disorders
that make them dangerous to fellow offenders of
staff members.
3.Medium Security Prisoners – those who cannot be trusted
in open conditions and pose lesser danger than maximum
security prisoners in case they escape.
–It consists of groups of prisoners who may be
allowed to work outside the fence or walls of the
penal institution under guards or with escorts.
–They occupy the medium security prison (Camp
Sampaguita) and they wear blue color of uniform.
Generally, they are employed as agricultural
workers.
–It includes prisoners whose minimum sentence is
less than twenty years and life sentenced prisoners
who served at least ten years inside a maximum
security prison.
4.Minimum Security Prisoners – a group of prisoners who can
reasonably trusted to serve sentence under “open
conditions”
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
–This group includes prisoners who can be trusted to
report to their assignments without the presence of
guards.
–They occupy the minimum security prison (Camp
Bukang Liwayway) and wear brown color uniform.
Classification of Inmates as to Privileges
1.3
rd
Class – committed for three or more time as sentenced
prisoner.
2.2
nd
Class – newly arrived inmate, demoted from 1
st
class or
promoted from 3
rd
class.
3.1
st
Class – known for character and credit for work while in
detention or one promoted from 2
nd
class.
4.Colonist – after one year, after being promoted from 1
st
class who served with good conduct the 1/5 of his
maximum sentence or served 7 years of his life sentence.
Privileges of a Colonist:
Automatic commutation to thirty years of life
imprisonment
Deduction of five days / month
Wear civilian clothes
Can live with his family
Subsidy from the Government
Transportation allowance
Use of Prison Facilities
Origin of the Word Prison
The word prison was derived from the Greco-Roman
word PRESIDIO
PRE means BEFORE and SIDIO means INSIDE. It is
synonymous to a fenced-cave or dungeon.
The Philippine Prison System
The Philippine prison system is patterned after the
Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United States. It is a Bureau within
the Department of Justice.
Bureau of Corrections
Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization
Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an agency
under the Department of Commerce and Police.
Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections
under Executive Order 292 (Administrative Code) passed during the
Cory Aquino Administration; States that the head of the Bureau of
Corrections is the Director of Prisons who is appointed by the
President of the Philippines with the Commission of Appointments.
RA 10575 – also known as the “Act of Strengthening the
Bureau of Corrections and Providing Funds Therefore” also
known as the BUCOR Law of 2013.
The Bureau of Corrections has general supervision and
control of all seven national / insular prisons / penitentiaries. It is
charged with the safekeeping of all Insular Prisoners confined
therein or committed to the custody of the Bureau.
BP 28 – law that change the name penal colony to penal
farm.
The Seven Operating Correctional Facilities in the Philippines
Prior to the establishment of Bilibid Prison, prisoners
were confined in jails under the jurisdiction of Commandancias
where law enforcement units were stationed. Commandancias were
established in practically every province of the country.
1.Bilibid Prisons
a.Old Bilibid Prison (Carcel y Presidio Correctional) –
the main insular penitentiary during the Spanish
regime. This was constructed in 1847 and was
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
report to their assignments without the presence of
guards.
–They occupy the minimum security prison (Camp
Bukang Liwayway) and wear brown color uniform.
Classification of Inmates as to Privileges
1.3
rd
Class – committed for three or more time as sentenced
prisoner.
2.2
nd
Class – newly arrived inmate, demoted from 1
st
class or
promoted from 3
rd
class.
3.1
st
Class – known for character and credit for work while in
detention or one promoted from 2
nd
class.
4.Colonist – after one year, after being promoted from 1
st
class who served with good conduct the 1/5 of his
maximum sentence or served 7 years of his life sentence.
Privileges of a Colonist:
Automatic commutation to thirty years of life
imprisonment
Deduction of five days / month
Wear civilian clothes
Can live with his family
Subsidy from the Government
Transportation allowance
Use of Prison Facilities
Origin of the Word Prison
The word prison was derived from the Greco-Roman
word PRESIDIO
PRE means BEFORE and SIDIO means INSIDE. It is
synonymous to a fenced-cave or dungeon.
The Philippine Prison System
The Philippine prison system is patterned after the
Federal Bureau of Prisons of the United States. It is a Bureau within
the Department of Justice.
Bureau of Corrections
Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization
Act of 1905 (Act No. 1407 dated November 1, 1905) as an agency
under the Department of Commerce and Police.
Bureau of Prisons was renamed Bureau of Corrections
under Executive Order 292 (Administrative Code) passed during the
Cory Aquino Administration; States that the head of the Bureau of
Corrections is the Director of Prisons who is appointed by the
President of the Philippines with the Commission of Appointments.
RA 10575 – also known as the “Act of Strengthening the
Bureau of Corrections and Providing Funds Therefore” also
known as the BUCOR Law of 2013.
The Bureau of Corrections has general supervision and
control of all seven national / insular prisons / penitentiaries. It is
charged with the safekeeping of all Insular Prisoners confined
therein or committed to the custody of the Bureau.
BP 28 – law that change the name penal colony to penal
farm.
The Seven Operating Correctional Facilities in the Philippines
Prior to the establishment of Bilibid Prison, prisoners
were confined in jails under the jurisdiction of Commandancias
where law enforcement units were stationed. Commandancias were
established in practically every province of the country.
1.Bilibid Prisons
a.Old Bilibid Prison (Carcel y Presidio Correctional) –
the main insular penitentiary during the Spanish
regime. This was constructed in 1847 and was
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
formally inaugurated in 1865 by virtue of the Royal
Decree of the Spanish Crown. This is located at
Azcaraga St. (now Recto Avenue) then famous “May
Halique Estate” at nearby Central Market at
Oroquieta St. This was constructed in radical
spokes-of-a-wheel from with tower in the center
spoke for easy command and control.
Composed of Two Compounds:
Carcel – 600 Inmate Capacity
Presidio – 527 Inmate Capacity
Commonwealth Act No. 67 was enacted, appropriating
one million pesos for the construction of a new National Prison in
the Southern suburb of Muntinlupa, Rizal in 1935. The old prison
was transformed into a receiving center and a storage facility for
farm produce from the colonies.
In 1936, the City of Manila exchanged its Muntinlupa
property with that of the Bureau of Prison lot, the Muntinlupa
property was intended as a site for Boys Training School, but
because it was too far, the City preferred the site of the Old Bilibid
Prison, the present site of Manila City Jail (BJMP)
b.New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa City (Approximately
552 Hectares) – this is where the Bureau of
Corrections Central Office. The New Bilibid Prison
has a capacity of 3,000 Prisoners. Within the
complex are the three security camps assisted by as
Assistant Superintendent in each Camp.
The Three Security Camps:
I.Maximum Security Compound (Main Building)
– for prisoners whose sentence are 20 years and
above, life termers of those under capital
punishment, those with pending cases, those
under disciplinary punishment, those whose
cases are on appeal, those under detention, and
those that do not fall under medium and
minimum security status.
–Wears tangerine shirt
–Not allowed to do furlough
–This type of institution is characterized by
thick all enclosure, 18 to 25 feet high. On
top of the wall are catwalks along which
the guards patrol at night. At corners and
strategic places are tower posts manned
by heavily armed guards.
II.Medium Security Compound (Camp
Sampaguita) – for prisoners whose sentences
are below 20 years (computed from the
minimum sentences per classification
interpretation) and those classified for colony
assignment.
–This type of institution is usually enclosed
by two layers of wire fence. The inner
fence is 12 to 14 feet high with curb and
the outer fence is 8 to 12 feet high. The
two fences are form 18 to 20 feet apart.
Usually the top portion of the fence is
provided with barbed wire.
III.Minimum Security Compound (Camp Bukang
Liwayway) – an open camp with less
restrictions and regimentation. This is for
prisoners who are 65 years old and above,
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Decree of the Spanish Crown. This is located at
Azcaraga St. (now Recto Avenue) then famous “May
Halique Estate” at nearby Central Market at
Oroquieta St. This was constructed in radical
spokes-of-a-wheel from with tower in the center
spoke for easy command and control.
Composed of Two Compounds:
Carcel – 600 Inmate Capacity
Presidio – 527 Inmate Capacity
Commonwealth Act No. 67 was enacted, appropriating
one million pesos for the construction of a new National Prison in
the Southern suburb of Muntinlupa, Rizal in 1935. The old prison
was transformed into a receiving center and a storage facility for
farm produce from the colonies.
In 1936, the City of Manila exchanged its Muntinlupa
property with that of the Bureau of Prison lot, the Muntinlupa
property was intended as a site for Boys Training School, but
because it was too far, the City preferred the site of the Old Bilibid
Prison, the present site of Manila City Jail (BJMP)
b.New Bilibid Prison, Muntinlupa City (Approximately
552 Hectares) – this is where the Bureau of
Corrections Central Office. The New Bilibid Prison
has a capacity of 3,000 Prisoners. Within the
complex are the three security camps assisted by as
Assistant Superintendent in each Camp.
The Three Security Camps:
I.Maximum Security Compound (Main Building)
– for prisoners whose sentence are 20 years and
above, life termers of those under capital
punishment, those with pending cases, those
under disciplinary punishment, those whose
cases are on appeal, those under detention, and
those that do not fall under medium and
minimum security status.
–Wears tangerine shirt
–Not allowed to do furlough
–This type of institution is characterized by
thick all enclosure, 18 to 25 feet high. On
top of the wall are catwalks along which
the guards patrol at night. At corners and
strategic places are tower posts manned
by heavily armed guards.
II.Medium Security Compound (Camp
Sampaguita) – for prisoners whose sentences
are below 20 years (computed from the
minimum sentences per classification
interpretation) and those classified for colony
assignment.
–This type of institution is usually enclosed
by two layers of wire fence. The inner
fence is 12 to 14 feet high with curb and
the outer fence is 8 to 12 feet high. The
two fences are form 18 to 20 feet apart.
Usually the top portion of the fence is
provided with barbed wire.
III.Minimum Security Compound (Camp Bukang
Liwayway) – an open camp with less
restrictions and regimentation. This is for
prisoners who are 65 years old and above,
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
medically certified as invalids and for those
prisoners who have six months or less to serve
before they are released from prison.
The Lethal Injection Chamber is also
located here.
This type of institution is usually
without a fence and if there is one,
its purpose is to keep away the
civilian population from entering
the institution rather than
preventing escapes.
–The New Bilibid Prison specializes in the
industrial type of vocational training. It
operates a furniture shop, shoe repairing
shop, blacksmith and tinsmith shop, auto
mechanics and automobile body building
shop, tailoring, electronics, watch-
repairing, carpentry, and rattan furniture
shop. It is also engaged in track
gardening, poultry, piggery and animal
husbandry.
2. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
Founded by Captain Ramon Blanco in Zamboanga
del Sur, a member of the Spanish Royal Army and named the
prison facility after his patron saint. This was initially
intended for the confinement of Political Prisoners during
Spanish era. It was closed during the Spanish-American War
and was reopened during the American occupation. It has
three facilities (Maximum, Medium, and Minimum). The
penal farm was designed to promote agro-industrial
activities.
On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and
Penal Farm in Zamboanga City were established to confine
Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed
to the Spanish rule. The facility which faced the Jolo Sea had
Spanish inspired dormitories and was originally set on a
1,414 hectares sprawling estate.
Land Area: currently approximately 1,546 hectares
Principal Product: Copra, Rice, Coffee
Year Established: 1869-1870
2
nd
Oldest Prison after OBP
San Ramon has an average population
of 1,200 prisoners
3.Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm (Luhit), Puerto Prinsesa,
Palawan
The Americans established in 1904 the Luhit Penal
Settlement (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a vast
reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land
area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950. Located in the
westernmost part of the archipelago far from the main
town to confine incorrigibles with little hope of
rehabilitation, the area was expanded to 41,007 hectares
by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor
Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912.
Envisioned by: Governor Luke E. Wright
Ordered by: Governor Forbes
Envisioned as an institution for incorrigible
criminals, however, the first contingent of prisoners to be
confined revolted against the authorities.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
prisoners who have six months or less to serve
before they are released from prison.
The Lethal Injection Chamber is also
located here.
This type of institution is usually
without a fence and if there is one,
its purpose is to keep away the
civilian population from entering
the institution rather than
preventing escapes.
–The New Bilibid Prison specializes in the
industrial type of vocational training. It
operates a furniture shop, shoe repairing
shop, blacksmith and tinsmith shop, auto
mechanics and automobile body building
shop, tailoring, electronics, watch-
repairing, carpentry, and rattan furniture
shop. It is also engaged in track
gardening, poultry, piggery and animal
husbandry.
2. San Ramon Prison and Penal Farm
Founded by Captain Ramon Blanco in Zamboanga
del Sur, a member of the Spanish Royal Army and named the
prison facility after his patron saint. This was initially
intended for the confinement of Political Prisoners during
Spanish era. It was closed during the Spanish-American War
and was reopened during the American occupation. It has
three facilities (Maximum, Medium, and Minimum). The
penal farm was designed to promote agro-industrial
activities.
On August 21, 1869, the San Ramon Prison and
Penal Farm in Zamboanga City were established to confine
Muslim rebels and recalcitrant political prisoners opposed
to the Spanish rule. The facility which faced the Jolo Sea had
Spanish inspired dormitories and was originally set on a
1,414 hectares sprawling estate.
Land Area: currently approximately 1,546 hectares
Principal Product: Copra, Rice, Coffee
Year Established: 1869-1870
2
nd
Oldest Prison after OBP
San Ramon has an average population
of 1,200 prisoners
3.Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm (Luhit), Puerto Prinsesa,
Palawan
The Americans established in 1904 the Luhit Penal
Settlement (now Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm) on a vast
reservation of 28,072 hectares. It would reach a total land
area of 40,000 hectares in the late 1950. Located in the
westernmost part of the archipelago far from the main
town to confine incorrigibles with little hope of
rehabilitation, the area was expanded to 41,007 hectares
by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by Governor
Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912.
Envisioned by: Governor Luke E. Wright
Ordered by: Governor Forbes
Envisioned as an institution for incorrigible
criminals, however, the first contingent of prisoners to be
confined revolted against the authorities.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
On November 1, 1905 under the Reorganization Act
1407, the policy was changed, instead of putting hardened
criminals, well behaved and obedient inmates were sent to
the colony.
The farm is predominantly designed for agro-industrial
activities. Within its area are four sub-colonies:
I.Central Sub-Colony
II.Sta. Lucia Sub-Colony
III.Montible Sub-Colony
IV.Inagawan Sub-Colony
All these colonies are administered by a Penal Supervisor
It administers the Tagumpay Settlement, which is
approximately 1,000 hectares, with six hectares homestead
lots distributed to inmates who desired to live in the
settlement after service of sentence.
One of the best institutions in the world.
Date established: November 16, 1905
By Virtue of: reorganization Act of 1407
Land Area: Approximately 36,000 hectares – 41,007
(1912)
Principal Products: Rice, Corn, Copra and Other
Forest Product
Largest Penal Colony
Prison Without Walls
The Most Open Prison Facility
The Best and The Finest Prison
4.Correctional Institution for Women, Mandaluyong City
The only female institution in the Philippines.
Since 1934, a female Superintendent was assigned
to supervise the prison facility.
Located at Welfare Ville Mandaluyong City
Year Established: 1931
By Virtue of: Act 3579 which was passed on
November 27, 1929
Vocational Activities: Dress Making, Beauty Culture,
Handicrafts
Capacity: 200
First Women’s Prison – opened in Indiana 1873,
based on the reformatory model.
5.Leyte Regional Prison, Abuyog, Southern Leyte
Date Established: January 16, 1973
Under Proclamation No. 1101
It is a prison facility, which has a receiving and
process station
It has three security facilities (Maximum, Medium,
and Minimum)
Because of its terrain, prison agro-industrial
activities could not be fully developed.
Youngest Prison
Built during Martial Law – Ferdinand Marcos
Fastest growing prison
Max. Capacity – 500 prisoners
6.Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan, San Jose,
Mindoro Occidental
With four Sub-Colonies within the prison
compound:
I.Central Sub-Colony
II.Pusog Sub-Colony
III.Pasugui Sub-Colony
IV.Yapag Sub-Colony
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
1407, the policy was changed, instead of putting hardened
criminals, well behaved and obedient inmates were sent to
the colony.
The farm is predominantly designed for agro-industrial
activities. Within its area are four sub-colonies:
I.Central Sub-Colony
II.Sta. Lucia Sub-Colony
III.Montible Sub-Colony
IV.Inagawan Sub-Colony
All these colonies are administered by a Penal Supervisor
It administers the Tagumpay Settlement, which is
approximately 1,000 hectares, with six hectares homestead
lots distributed to inmates who desired to live in the
settlement after service of sentence.
One of the best institutions in the world.
Date established: November 16, 1905
By Virtue of: reorganization Act of 1407
Land Area: Approximately 36,000 hectares – 41,007
(1912)
Principal Products: Rice, Corn, Copra and Other
Forest Product
Largest Penal Colony
Prison Without Walls
The Most Open Prison Facility
The Best and The Finest Prison
4.Correctional Institution for Women, Mandaluyong City
The only female institution in the Philippines.
Since 1934, a female Superintendent was assigned
to supervise the prison facility.
Located at Welfare Ville Mandaluyong City
Year Established: 1931
By Virtue of: Act 3579 which was passed on
November 27, 1929
Vocational Activities: Dress Making, Beauty Culture,
Handicrafts
Capacity: 200
First Women’s Prison – opened in Indiana 1873,
based on the reformatory model.
5.Leyte Regional Prison, Abuyog, Southern Leyte
Date Established: January 16, 1973
Under Proclamation No. 1101
It is a prison facility, which has a receiving and
process station
It has three security facilities (Maximum, Medium,
and Minimum)
Because of its terrain, prison agro-industrial
activities could not be fully developed.
Youngest Prison
Built during Martial Law – Ferdinand Marcos
Fastest growing prison
Max. Capacity – 500 prisoners
6.Sablayan Prison and Penal Farm, Sablayan, San Jose,
Mindoro Occidental
With four Sub-Colonies within the prison
compound:
I.Central Sub-Colony
II.Pusog Sub-Colony
III.Pasugui Sub-Colony
IV.Yapag Sub-Colony
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
This Penal Farm is intended for Agro-Industrial
Activities
Land Area: Approximately 16,408.5 hectares
By Virtue of: Proclamation No. 72
Date Established: September 26, 1954
Principal Product: Rice
Nearest Penal Colony in Manila
7.Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Tagum, Davao del Norte
The Davao Penal Colony was established on January
21, 1932, in accordance with Act No. 3732 and
Problamation No. 414, series of 1931. With two sub-
colonies:
I.Panabo Sub-Colony
II.Kapalong Sub-Colony
Administer the Tanglaw Settlement for those
inmates who desire to live within the compound
30,000 hectares
First Headed by: General Paulino Santos
Richest and Highest Income Earner
Biggest Banana and Abaca Plantation
Non-Operational Prisons in the Philippines
1.Fort Bonifacio
A committee report submitted to then President
Carlos P. Garcia described Fort Bonifacio, formerly known as
Fort William McKinley, as a military reservation located in
Taguig, which was established after Americans came to the
Philippines. The prison was originally used as a detention
center for offenders of US military laws and ordinances.
2.Corregidor Prison
In 1908 during the American regime, some 100
prisoners were transferred from the Old Bilibid Prison to
Corregidor Island to work under military authorities. This
move was in accordance with an order from the
Department of Instructions, which approved the transfer of
inmates so they could assist in maintenance and other
operations in the stockade.
3.Bontoc Prison
The Philippine Legislature during the American
regime passed Act No. 1876 providing for the establishment
of a prison in Bontoc in Mountain Province. The prison was
built for the prisoners of the province and insular prisoners
who were members of the Non-Christian Tribes of
Mountain Province and Nueva Vizcaya.
Admission Procedures in Prison
1.Receiving – the new prisoner is received at the RDC. The
new prisoner usually comes from a provincial or city jail
where he was immediately committed upon conviction by
the court, and escorted by the escort platoon during his
transfer to the National Prison.
2.Checking of Commitment Papers – the receiving officer
checks the commitment papers if they are in order. That is,
if they contain the signature of the judge or the signature of
the clerk of court, and the seal of the court.
3.Identification / Booking – the Prisoner’s identity is
established through the picture and fingerprint appearing in
the commitment order. This is to ensure that the person
being is the same as the person being named in the
commitment order.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Activities
Land Area: Approximately 16,408.5 hectares
By Virtue of: Proclamation No. 72
Date Established: September 26, 1954
Principal Product: Rice
Nearest Penal Colony in Manila
7.Davao Prison and Penal Farm, Tagum, Davao del Norte
The Davao Penal Colony was established on January
21, 1932, in accordance with Act No. 3732 and
Problamation No. 414, series of 1931. With two sub-
colonies:
I.Panabo Sub-Colony
II.Kapalong Sub-Colony
Administer the Tanglaw Settlement for those
inmates who desire to live within the compound
30,000 hectares
First Headed by: General Paulino Santos
Richest and Highest Income Earner
Biggest Banana and Abaca Plantation
Non-Operational Prisons in the Philippines
1.Fort Bonifacio
A committee report submitted to then President
Carlos P. Garcia described Fort Bonifacio, formerly known as
Fort William McKinley, as a military reservation located in
Taguig, which was established after Americans came to the
Philippines. The prison was originally used as a detention
center for offenders of US military laws and ordinances.
2.Corregidor Prison
In 1908 during the American regime, some 100
prisoners were transferred from the Old Bilibid Prison to
Corregidor Island to work under military authorities. This
move was in accordance with an order from the
Department of Instructions, which approved the transfer of
inmates so they could assist in maintenance and other
operations in the stockade.
3.Bontoc Prison
The Philippine Legislature during the American
regime passed Act No. 1876 providing for the establishment
of a prison in Bontoc in Mountain Province. The prison was
built for the prisoners of the province and insular prisoners
who were members of the Non-Christian Tribes of
Mountain Province and Nueva Vizcaya.
Admission Procedures in Prison
1.Receiving – the new prisoner is received at the RDC. The
new prisoner usually comes from a provincial or city jail
where he was immediately committed upon conviction by
the court, and escorted by the escort platoon during his
transfer to the National Prison.
2.Checking of Commitment Papers – the receiving officer
checks the commitment papers if they are in order. That is,
if they contain the signature of the judge or the signature of
the clerk of court, and the seal of the court.
3.Identification / Booking – the Prisoner’s identity is
established through the picture and fingerprint appearing in
the commitment order. This is to ensure that the person
being is the same as the person being named in the
commitment order.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
4.Searching /Shakedown – this step involves the frisking of
the prisoner and searching his personal things. Weapons
and other items classified as contraband are confiscated
and deposited to the property custodian. Other properties
are deposited with the trust fund officer under recording
and receipts.
a.Pat – patting of subjects clothing
b.Rub – patting of body over the clothing including
the groin, buttocks, and breast
c.Strip – naked search
d.Body Cavity Search – expose body cavities like Anus
and Vagina to look for contrabands
5.Briefing and Orientation – the prisoner will be brief and
oriented on the rules and regulations of the prison before
he will be assigned to the RDC of the Quarantine Unit.
6.Issuance of Clothes and Equipment – from the receiving
office, the new prisoner goes to the supply room where he
receives his prison uniform, mosquito net, and beddings.
7.Assignment to Quarters – after the prisoner is issued his
clothing’s and beddings, he is sent to the quarantine unit.
The quarantine may be a unit of the prison or a secation of
the Reception Center.
BUCOR’s Directorate for Reception and Diagnostics (Formerly
Reception and Diagnostic Center) – RA 10575
This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita) where
new prisoners undergo diagnostic examination, study and
observation for the purpose of determining the programs of
treatment and training best suited to their needs FOR A TOTAL
PERIOD OF 60 DAYS and the institution to which they should be
transferred.
It is composed of the following staff members:
1.Psychiatrist – responsible in the examination of the
prisoner’s mental and emotional make-up.
2.Psychologist – responsible to conduct study on the
character and behavior of the prisoners.
3.Sociologist – study the social case situation of the individual
prisoner.
4.Educational Counselor – conducts orientation classes in
order to change inmates’ attitude towards education and
recommends educational program for prisoners.
5.Vocational Counselor – to test the prisoner’s special
abilities, interest, and skills and recommends for the
vocational course best suited to the prisoner.
6.Chaplain – encourage the prisoner to participate in religious
activities.
7.Medical Officer – conducts physical examination and
recommends medical treatment of prisoners.
8.Custodial-Correctional Officer – recommends the transfer
and type of custody of inmates.
The Quarantine Cell or Unit
This may be a unit of the prison or a section of the RDC
where the prisoner is given thorough physical examination including
blood test, X-rays, vaccinations, and immunity for 5 to 10 days. This
is for the purpose of insuring that the prisoner is not suffering from
any cantagious disease, which might be transferred to the prison
population.
The National Corrections Consciousness Week
Every Last Week of October
By virtue of Proclamation No. 551 signed on March 15, 1996,
by former President Fidel V. Ramos.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
the prisoner and searching his personal things. Weapons
and other items classified as contraband are confiscated
and deposited to the property custodian. Other properties
are deposited with the trust fund officer under recording
and receipts.
a.Pat – patting of subjects clothing
b.Rub – patting of body over the clothing including
the groin, buttocks, and breast
c.Strip – naked search
d.Body Cavity Search – expose body cavities like Anus
and Vagina to look for contrabands
5.Briefing and Orientation – the prisoner will be brief and
oriented on the rules and regulations of the prison before
he will be assigned to the RDC of the Quarantine Unit.
6.Issuance of Clothes and Equipment – from the receiving
office, the new prisoner goes to the supply room where he
receives his prison uniform, mosquito net, and beddings.
7.Assignment to Quarters – after the prisoner is issued his
clothing’s and beddings, he is sent to the quarantine unit.
The quarantine may be a unit of the prison or a secation of
the Reception Center.
BUCOR’s Directorate for Reception and Diagnostics (Formerly
Reception and Diagnostic Center) – RA 10575
This is a special unit of prison (Camp Sampaguita) where
new prisoners undergo diagnostic examination, study and
observation for the purpose of determining the programs of
treatment and training best suited to their needs FOR A TOTAL
PERIOD OF 60 DAYS and the institution to which they should be
transferred.
It is composed of the following staff members:
1.Psychiatrist – responsible in the examination of the
prisoner’s mental and emotional make-up.
2.Psychologist – responsible to conduct study on the
character and behavior of the prisoners.
3.Sociologist – study the social case situation of the individual
prisoner.
4.Educational Counselor – conducts orientation classes in
order to change inmates’ attitude towards education and
recommends educational program for prisoners.
5.Vocational Counselor – to test the prisoner’s special
abilities, interest, and skills and recommends for the
vocational course best suited to the prisoner.
6.Chaplain – encourage the prisoner to participate in religious
activities.
7.Medical Officer – conducts physical examination and
recommends medical treatment of prisoners.
8.Custodial-Correctional Officer – recommends the transfer
and type of custody of inmates.
The Quarantine Cell or Unit
This may be a unit of the prison or a section of the RDC
where the prisoner is given thorough physical examination including
blood test, X-rays, vaccinations, and immunity for 5 to 10 days. This
is for the purpose of insuring that the prisoner is not suffering from
any cantagious disease, which might be transferred to the prison
population.
The National Corrections Consciousness Week
Every Last Week of October
By virtue of Proclamation No. 551 signed on March 15, 1996,
by former President Fidel V. Ramos.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
What is Jail?
Jail is a place foe locking-up of persons who are convicted of
minor offenses or felonies that are to serve a short sentence
imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of
persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
A place of confinement for inmates under investigation,
awaiting trial or serving sentence.
is a building or place of confinement of arrested or
sentenced persons. It is usually made up of cells which are made up
of small rooms or enclosures where prisoners are actually kept or
confines (People vs. Caricaban, 13672-CR, September 9, 1965)
Origin of the Word Jail
It is said to have been derived from the Spanish word JAULO
/ CAULA which means CAGE.
It is also said to have been derived from the French word
GAOL pronounced as “geole”, a place for the arrested criminals.
Types of Jails:
1.Lock-up Jails – a security facility, common to police stations,
used for temporary confinement of an individual held for
investigation.
2.Ordinary Jails – the type of jail commonly used to detain a
convicted criminal offender to serve sentence less than
three years.
3.Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp – a facility that houses
minimum custody offenders who are serving short
sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work
programs. It provides full employment of prisoners,
remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all cities
and municipal jails throughout the country. The enactment of
Republic Act No. 6975 created the BJMP and further amended by
RA 9263 of the BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of 2004. It
operates as a line Bureau under the Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG).
J/DIR. CHARLES MONDEJAR – the first chief of the BJMP
way back its establishment.
Mission
To enhance public safety by ensuring humane safekeeping
and development of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in all district,
city, and municipal jails for their integration to society.
Vision
A premier institution highly regarded by society for the
secure and humane treatment of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
by its competent and motivated corps.
Objectives:
1.To improve the living conditions of the offenders in
accordance with the accepted standards set by the United
Nations.
2.To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in
preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release.
3.To professionalize jail services.
Powers, Functions and Organization of the BJMP
A.Powers
The Bureau shall exercise supervision and control
over all districts, city, and municipal jails to ensure a
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Jail is a place foe locking-up of persons who are convicted of
minor offenses or felonies that are to serve a short sentence
imposed upon them by a competent court, or for confinement of
persons who are awaiting trial or investigation of their cases.
A place of confinement for inmates under investigation,
awaiting trial or serving sentence.
is a building or place of confinement of arrested or
sentenced persons. It is usually made up of cells which are made up
of small rooms or enclosures where prisoners are actually kept or
confines (People vs. Caricaban, 13672-CR, September 9, 1965)
Origin of the Word Jail
It is said to have been derived from the Spanish word JAULO
/ CAULA which means CAGE.
It is also said to have been derived from the French word
GAOL pronounced as “geole”, a place for the arrested criminals.
Types of Jails:
1.Lock-up Jails – a security facility, common to police stations,
used for temporary confinement of an individual held for
investigation.
2.Ordinary Jails – the type of jail commonly used to detain a
convicted criminal offender to serve sentence less than
three years.
3.Workhouses, Jail Farms or Camp – a facility that houses
minimum custody offenders who are serving short
sentences or those who are undergoing constructive work
programs. It provides full employment of prisoners,
remedial services and constructive leisure time activities.
Bureau of Jail Management and Penology (BJMP)
The BJMP exercises supervision and control over all cities
and municipal jails throughout the country. The enactment of
Republic Act No. 6975 created the BJMP and further amended by
RA 9263 of the BFP and BJMP Professionalization Act of 2004. It
operates as a line Bureau under the Department of the Interior and
Local Government (DILG).
J/DIR. CHARLES MONDEJAR – the first chief of the BJMP
way back its establishment.
Mission
To enhance public safety by ensuring humane safekeeping
and development of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL) in all district,
city, and municipal jails for their integration to society.
Vision
A premier institution highly regarded by society for the
secure and humane treatment of Persons Deprived of Liberty (PDL)
by its competent and motivated corps.
Objectives:
1.To improve the living conditions of the offenders in
accordance with the accepted standards set by the United
Nations.
2.To enhance rehabilitation and reformation of offenders in
preparation for their eventual reintegration into the
mainstream of society upon their release.
3.To professionalize jail services.
Powers, Functions and Organization of the BJMP
A.Powers
The Bureau shall exercise supervision and control
over all districts, city, and municipal jails to ensure a
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
secured, clean, sanitary, and adequately equipped jail for
the custody and safekeeping of city and municipal
prisoners, any fugitive from justice or persons detained
awaiting investigation or trial and/or transfer to the
National Penitentiary, and any violent, mentally ill person
who endangers himself or the safety of others.
B.Organization and Key Positions in the BJMP
The BJMP, also referred to as the Jail Bureau, was
created pursuant to Section 60, RA No. 6975, and initially
consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail
Management and Penology service as constituted under PD
No. 765.
The Bureau shall be headed by a Chief with the rank
of Director, and assisted by a Deputy Chief with the rank of
Chief Superintendent.
The Central Office is the Command and Staff HQ of
the Jail Bureau composed of 3 Command Groups, 6
Coordinating Staff Divisions, 6 Staff Groups and 6 Personal
Staff Groups namely:
1.Command Groups
Chief, BJMP (Director Rank)
Deputy C/BJMP (Admin and Operation)
Chief of Directorial Staff
2.Coordinating Staff Groups
Administrative Division
Operations Division
Logistics Division – Equipment
Finance Management Division –
Controllership
Research Plans and Investigation
Division
3.Special Staff Groups
General Services Unit – Repairs and
Maintenance
Health Services Unit
Chaplain Services Unit – Spiritual
Services
Community Services Unit
Finance Services Unit
Hearing Office
4.Personal Staff Groups
Aide-de-Camp
Intelligence Office
Public Information Office
Legal Office
Adjudication Office
Internal Audit
Regional Office
At the Regional Level, each region shall have a designated
Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology.
Provincial Level
In the Provincial Level, there shall be designated a
Provincial Jail Administrator to perform the same functions as the
ARD’s province wide.
District Office
In the District Level, where there are large cities and
municipalities, a district jail with subordinate jails headed by a
District Warden may be established necessary.
City and Municipal Office
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
the custody and safekeeping of city and municipal
prisoners, any fugitive from justice or persons detained
awaiting investigation or trial and/or transfer to the
National Penitentiary, and any violent, mentally ill person
who endangers himself or the safety of others.
B.Organization and Key Positions in the BJMP
The BJMP, also referred to as the Jail Bureau, was
created pursuant to Section 60, RA No. 6975, and initially
consisting of uniformed officers and members of the Jail
Management and Penology service as constituted under PD
No. 765.
The Bureau shall be headed by a Chief with the rank
of Director, and assisted by a Deputy Chief with the rank of
Chief Superintendent.
The Central Office is the Command and Staff HQ of
the Jail Bureau composed of 3 Command Groups, 6
Coordinating Staff Divisions, 6 Staff Groups and 6 Personal
Staff Groups namely:
1.Command Groups
Chief, BJMP (Director Rank)
Deputy C/BJMP (Admin and Operation)
Chief of Directorial Staff
2.Coordinating Staff Groups
Administrative Division
Operations Division
Logistics Division – Equipment
Finance Management Division –
Controllership
Research Plans and Investigation
Division
3.Special Staff Groups
General Services Unit – Repairs and
Maintenance
Health Services Unit
Chaplain Services Unit – Spiritual
Services
Community Services Unit
Finance Services Unit
Hearing Office
4.Personal Staff Groups
Aide-de-Camp
Intelligence Office
Public Information Office
Legal Office
Adjudication Office
Internal Audit
Regional Office
At the Regional Level, each region shall have a designated
Regional Director for Jail Management and Penology.
Provincial Level
In the Provincial Level, there shall be designated a
Provincial Jail Administrator to perform the same functions as the
ARD’s province wide.
District Office
In the District Level, where there are large cities and
municipalities, a district jail with subordinate jails headed by a
District Warden may be established necessary.
City and Municipal Office
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
In the City and Municipal level, a City or Municipal Warden
shall head each jail.
Functions of a Jail Warden or Prison onSuperintendent
1.Decision Making – important in the prison setting the
warden limits his role to considering policy matters and
major problems. He delegates with confidence, to well-
trained subordinate executives sufficient authority for
management of daily operations in line with established
policy.
2.Control Prison Operations and Activities – it has always
been important that the program and policy are carried out
and avoid mismanagement by incompetent personnel or by
individual or group of inmates getting into positions of
power. The warden depends more on sound organizational
planning, written manual policies and procedures, and an
effective communications system than controlling
operations by constant personnel inspection of all areas and
frequent contact with all personnel and a large number of
inmates.
3.Public Relation – the warden today provides leadership to
involve all personnel in a program aimed at gaining public
understanding, goodwill and community acceptance.
4.Personnel Program – it is the warden’s responsibility to
provide leadership and assign responsibility for recruitment,
selection, training, and supervision of personnel.
5.Executive Leadership – must be constantly demonstrated
by the administrative head. He must offer leadership and
motivation to his staff in his personal drive, knowledge, and
sincerity of purpose and must tie together all programs of
discipline in cementing a meaningful administrative course
Rank Classification of the BJMP (RA 9263)
RANK POSITION / TITLE /
AUTHORITY
APPOINTING
Director Chief of the BJMP President
C/Supt. Deputy C/BJMP President
Sr. Supt. Asst. Regional Dir.DILG Secretary
Supt. Asst. Regional Dir. C, BJMP
Chief Insp. Warden C, BJMP
Sr. Insp. Warden C, BJMP
Inspector Warden C, BJMP
SJO 4 to JO1 Jail Guards Regional
The BFP and the BJMP shall be respectively headed by a
Chief who shall be assisted by two deputy chiefs, one for
administration and one for operations, all of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon recommendation of the
Secretary of the DILG from among the qualified officers with at
least the rank of Senior Superintendent in the service (RA 92633
Sec. 3)
NOTE: All uniformed personnel of the BJMP shall be trained in the
National Jail Training Institute under the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC-NJTI)
Duties and Responsibilities
a.Warden
Director, Coordinator, and Control of the Jail
Responsible for the: Security, Safety, Discipline, and
well-being of Inmates
The office of the Warden may organize the following
Units:
Intelligence and Investigation Team
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
shall head each jail.
Functions of a Jail Warden or Prison onSuperintendent
1.Decision Making – important in the prison setting the
warden limits his role to considering policy matters and
major problems. He delegates with confidence, to well-
trained subordinate executives sufficient authority for
management of daily operations in line with established
policy.
2.Control Prison Operations and Activities – it has always
been important that the program and policy are carried out
and avoid mismanagement by incompetent personnel or by
individual or group of inmates getting into positions of
power. The warden depends more on sound organizational
planning, written manual policies and procedures, and an
effective communications system than controlling
operations by constant personnel inspection of all areas and
frequent contact with all personnel and a large number of
inmates.
3.Public Relation – the warden today provides leadership to
involve all personnel in a program aimed at gaining public
understanding, goodwill and community acceptance.
4.Personnel Program – it is the warden’s responsibility to
provide leadership and assign responsibility for recruitment,
selection, training, and supervision of personnel.
5.Executive Leadership – must be constantly demonstrated
by the administrative head. He must offer leadership and
motivation to his staff in his personal drive, knowledge, and
sincerity of purpose and must tie together all programs of
discipline in cementing a meaningful administrative course
Rank Classification of the BJMP (RA 9263)
RANK POSITION / TITLE /
AUTHORITY
APPOINTING
Director Chief of the BJMP President
C/Supt. Deputy C/BJMP President
Sr. Supt. Asst. Regional Dir.DILG Secretary
Supt. Asst. Regional Dir. C, BJMP
Chief Insp. Warden C, BJMP
Sr. Insp. Warden C, BJMP
Inspector Warden C, BJMP
SJO 4 to JO1 Jail Guards Regional
The BFP and the BJMP shall be respectively headed by a
Chief who shall be assisted by two deputy chiefs, one for
administration and one for operations, all of whom shall be
appointed by the President upon recommendation of the
Secretary of the DILG from among the qualified officers with at
least the rank of Senior Superintendent in the service (RA 92633
Sec. 3)
NOTE: All uniformed personnel of the BJMP shall be trained in the
National Jail Training Institute under the Philippine Public Safety
College (PPSC-NJTI)
Duties and Responsibilities
a.Warden
Director, Coordinator, and Control of the Jail
Responsible for the: Security, Safety, Discipline, and
well-being of Inmates
The office of the Warden may organize the following
Units:
Intelligence and Investigation Team
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
–It gathers, collates, and submits
intelligence information to the office of
the warden on matter regarding the jail
condition
Jail Inspectorate Section
–Inspect jail facilities, personnel,
prisoners and submit reports to the
warden
Public Relation Office
–Maintain public relation to obtain the
necessary and adequate public support.
b.Assistant Warden
The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes the
development of a systematic process of treatment.
Chairman of the Classification Board and
Disciplinary Board.
NOTE: Once the inmate has undergone the registration
process; he/she willl be temporarily housed at the Inmate
Classification and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is
available. The inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a minimum
period of 30 days but not exceeding 60 days or until the
completion of the classification process. At the ICCU, the
newly committed inmate will undergo assessment by the
different health professionals.
ICCU – Equivalent of Reception and Diagnostic
Center of BUCOR
c.Administrative Groups
The administrative groups take charge of all
administrative functions of the jail Bureau
1.Personnel Management Branch
Assignment of Personnel
Procedures of Selection
Preparation of Personnel Reports
Individual Record File
2.Records and Statistics Branch
Keep and maintain record sheets and
arrest reports
Keep an orderly record of fingerprints
and photographs
Present / Prepare statistical data of
inmates
3.Property and Supply Branch
Take charge of the safekeeping of
equipment and supplies and materials
needed for the operation of the jail
4.Budget and Finance Branch
Take charge of all finance matters such
as budgeting, financing, accounting, and
auditing.
5.Mess Service Branch
Take charge of the preparation of the
daily menu prepares and cook the food
and serve it to inmates
6.General Service Branch
Responsible for the maintenance and
repair of jail facilities and equipment. It
is also task with the cleanliness and
beautification of the jail compound.
7.Mittimus Computing Branch
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
intelligence information to the office of
the warden on matter regarding the jail
condition
Jail Inspectorate Section
–Inspect jail facilities, personnel,
prisoners and submit reports to the
warden
Public Relation Office
–Maintain public relation to obtain the
necessary and adequate public support.
b.Assistant Warden
The office of the Assistant Warden undertakes the
development of a systematic process of treatment.
Chairman of the Classification Board and
Disciplinary Board.
NOTE: Once the inmate has undergone the registration
process; he/she willl be temporarily housed at the Inmate
Classification and Counseling Unit (ICCU) in jails where it is
available. The inmate shall stay at the ICCU for a minimum
period of 30 days but not exceeding 60 days or until the
completion of the classification process. At the ICCU, the
newly committed inmate will undergo assessment by the
different health professionals.
ICCU – Equivalent of Reception and Diagnostic
Center of BUCOR
c.Administrative Groups
The administrative groups take charge of all
administrative functions of the jail Bureau
1.Personnel Management Branch
Assignment of Personnel
Procedures of Selection
Preparation of Personnel Reports
Individual Record File
2.Records and Statistics Branch
Keep and maintain record sheets and
arrest reports
Keep an orderly record of fingerprints
and photographs
Present / Prepare statistical data of
inmates
3.Property and Supply Branch
Take charge of the safekeeping of
equipment and supplies and materials
needed for the operation of the jail
4.Budget and Finance Branch
Take charge of all finance matters such
as budgeting, financing, accounting, and
auditing.
5.Mess Service Branch
Take charge of the preparation of the
daily menu prepares and cook the food
and serve it to inmates
6.General Service Branch
Responsible for the maintenance and
repair of jail facilities and equipment. It
is also task with the cleanliness and
beautification of the jail compound.
7.Mittimus Computing Branch
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Tasked to receive court decisions and
compute the date of the full completion
of the service of sentence of inmates.
Mittimus – a warrant issued by a court
directing a jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for the
service of sentence imposed therein or
for detention.
d.Security Groups
The security groups provides a system of sound
custody, security, and control of inmates and their
movements and also responsible to enforce prison or jail
discipline.
1.Escort Platoon
a.Escort Section – to escort inmate
upon of any judicial body; upon
summon of a court; or transfer to
other penal institutions. Ratio of 1:2
(one inmate : two jail officers)
b.Subpeona Section – receives and
distributes court summons, notices,
subpoenas, etc.
2.Security Platoon – a three working platoon
shifts responsible for overall security of the jail
compound including gates, guard posts and
towers. They are also responsible for the
admitting and releasing unit.
Jail Manning Level
1.Custodial Ratio – 1 personnel for every 7
inmates
2.Court Room Ratio – 2 personnel for every 1
inmate
3.Escort Ratio – 1 personnel for every 1 inmate
plus one personnel for high risk inmate
4.Long Distance Travel – minimum of 3 personnel
5.Reformation Officer Ration – 1 personnel to 24
inmates
e.Rehabilitation Purposes Groups
This group provides services and assistance to
prisoners and their families to enable them to solve their
individual needs and problems arising from the prisoners’
confinement.
1.Medical and Health Services Branch – provides
medical and physical examinations of inmates
upon confinement, treatment of sick inmates
and conduct medical and physical examinations
and provide medicines or recommends for the
hospitalization of seriously ill prisoners or
inmates. It also conducts psychiatric and
psychological examinations
2.Work and Education Therapy Services – it take
charge of the job and educational programs
needed for rehabilitation of inmates by
providing them job incentives so they can earn
and provide support for their families while in
jail.
Education – cornerstone of rehabilitation or the
most important program of rehabilitation
3.Socio-Cultural Services – it takes care of the
social case work study of the individual
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
compute the date of the full completion
of the service of sentence of inmates.
Mittimus – a warrant issued by a court
directing a jail or prison authorities to
receive the convicted offender for the
service of sentence imposed therein or
for detention.
d.Security Groups
The security groups provides a system of sound
custody, security, and control of inmates and their
movements and also responsible to enforce prison or jail
discipline.
1.Escort Platoon
a.Escort Section – to escort inmate
upon of any judicial body; upon
summon of a court; or transfer to
other penal institutions. Ratio of 1:2
(one inmate : two jail officers)
b.Subpeona Section – receives and
distributes court summons, notices,
subpoenas, etc.
2.Security Platoon – a three working platoon
shifts responsible for overall security of the jail
compound including gates, guard posts and
towers. They are also responsible for the
admitting and releasing unit.
Jail Manning Level
1.Custodial Ratio – 1 personnel for every 7
inmates
2.Court Room Ratio – 2 personnel for every 1
inmate
3.Escort Ratio – 1 personnel for every 1 inmate
plus one personnel for high risk inmate
4.Long Distance Travel – minimum of 3 personnel
5.Reformation Officer Ration – 1 personnel to 24
inmates
e.Rehabilitation Purposes Groups
This group provides services and assistance to
prisoners and their families to enable them to solve their
individual needs and problems arising from the prisoners’
confinement.
1.Medical and Health Services Branch – provides
medical and physical examinations of inmates
upon confinement, treatment of sick inmates
and conduct medical and physical examinations
and provide medicines or recommends for the
hospitalization of seriously ill prisoners or
inmates. It also conducts psychiatric and
psychological examinations
2.Work and Education Therapy Services – it take
charge of the job and educational programs
needed for rehabilitation of inmates by
providing them job incentives so they can earn
and provide support for their families while in
jail.
Education – cornerstone of rehabilitation or the
most important program of rehabilitation
3.Socio-Cultural Services – it takes care of the
social case work study of the individual
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
prisoners by making interviews, home visits,
referral to community resources, free legal
services, and liaison works for the inmates.
4.Chaplaincy Services – it takes charge of the
religious and moral upliftment of the inmates
through religious services.
5.Guidance and Counseling Services –
responsible for the individual and group
counseling activities to help inmates solve their
individual problems and to help them lead a
wholesome and constructive life.
BJMP Manual Section 30, Punishable Acts
1.Minor Offenses
a.Selling or bartering with fellow inmates those items not
classified as contraband;
b.Rendering personal service to fellow inmates;
c.Untidy or dirty personal appearance;
d.Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and
orderliness in his/her quarters and/or surroundings;
e.Making frivolous or groundless complaints;
f.Taking the cudgels for or reporting complaints on behalf
of other inmates;
g.Reporting late for inmate formation and inmate
headcount without justifiable reasons; and
h.Willful waste of food.
2.Less Grave Offenses
a.Failure to report for work detail without sufficient
justification;
b.Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or
inmate;
c.Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail;
d.Behaving improperly or acting boisterously during
religious, social and other group functions;
e.Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory
language directed at other persons;
f.Malingering or pretending to be sick to skip work
assignment;
g.Spreading rumors or malicious intrigues to besmirch the
honor of any person, particularly BJMP personnel;
h.Failure to stand at attention and give due respect when
confronted by or reporting to any BJMP personnel;
i.Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service to
him/her and/or to others;
j.Exchanging uniforms or wearing clothes other than
those issued to him/her for the purpose of
circumventing jail rules;
k.Loitering or being in an unauthorized place;
l.Using the telephone without authority from the desk
officer/warden;
m.Writing, defacing, or drawing on walls, floors, or any
furniture or equipment;
n.Withholding information, which may be inimical or
prejudicial to the jail administration;
o.Possession of lewd or pornographic literature and/or
photographs;
p.Absence from cell, brigade, place of work during
headcount, or at any time without justifiable reason;
and
q.Failure to turn over any implement / articles issued after
work detail.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
referral to community resources, free legal
services, and liaison works for the inmates.
4.Chaplaincy Services – it takes charge of the
religious and moral upliftment of the inmates
through religious services.
5.Guidance and Counseling Services –
responsible for the individual and group
counseling activities to help inmates solve their
individual problems and to help them lead a
wholesome and constructive life.
BJMP Manual Section 30, Punishable Acts
1.Minor Offenses
a.Selling or bartering with fellow inmates those items not
classified as contraband;
b.Rendering personal service to fellow inmates;
c.Untidy or dirty personal appearance;
d.Littering or failing to maintain cleanliness and
orderliness in his/her quarters and/or surroundings;
e.Making frivolous or groundless complaints;
f.Taking the cudgels for or reporting complaints on behalf
of other inmates;
g.Reporting late for inmate formation and inmate
headcount without justifiable reasons; and
h.Willful waste of food.
2.Less Grave Offenses
a.Failure to report for work detail without sufficient
justification;
b.Failure to render assistance to an injured personnel or
inmate;
c.Failure to assist in putting out fires inside the jail;
d.Behaving improperly or acting boisterously during
religious, social and other group functions;
e.Swearing, cursing or using profane or defamatory
language directed at other persons;
f.Malingering or pretending to be sick to skip work
assignment;
g.Spreading rumors or malicious intrigues to besmirch the
honor of any person, particularly BJMP personnel;
h.Failure to stand at attention and give due respect when
confronted by or reporting to any BJMP personnel;
i.Forcing fellow inmates to render personal service to
him/her and/or to others;
j.Exchanging uniforms or wearing clothes other than
those issued to him/her for the purpose of
circumventing jail rules;
k.Loitering or being in an unauthorized place;
l.Using the telephone without authority from the desk
officer/warden;
m.Writing, defacing, or drawing on walls, floors, or any
furniture or equipment;
n.Withholding information, which may be inimical or
prejudicial to the jail administration;
o.Possession of lewd or pornographic literature and/or
photographs;
p.Absence from cell, brigade, place of work during
headcount, or at any time without justifiable reason;
and
q.Failure to turn over any implement / articles issued after
work detail.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
3.Grave Offenses
a.Making untruthful statements or lies in any official
communication, transaction, or investigation;
b.Keeping or concealing keys locks of places in the jail
which are off-limits to inmates;
c.Giving gifts, selling, or bartering with jail personnel;
d.Keeping in his/her possession money, jewelry, cellular
phones or other communication devices and other
items classified as contraband under the rules;
e.Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed on
any part of the body, or keeping any paraphernalia to
be used in tattooing;
f.Forcibly taking or extorting money from fellow inmates
and visitors;
g.Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm upon
himself/herself or other inmates;
h.Receiving, keeping, taking or drinking liquor and
prohibited drugs;
i.Making, improvising or keeping any kind of deadly
weapon;
j.Counseling or withholding information on plans of
attempted escapes;
k.Unruly conduct and flagrant disregard for discipline and
instructions;
l.Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the
institution or from any guard;
m.Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape;
n.Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating
therein and/or agitating to cause such disturbance or
riot;
o.Indecent, immoral or lascivious acts by himself/herself
or others and/or allowing himself/herself to be the
subject of such indecent, immoral, lascivious acts;
p.Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any
BJMP personnel;
q.Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
r.Damaging any government property or equipment;
s.Participating in kangaroo court, an unauthorized or
irregular court conducted with disregard for or
perversion of legal procedures as a mock court by the
inmates in a jail/prison;
t.Affiliating with any gang or faction whose main purpose
is to foment regionalism or to segregate themselves
from others;
u.Failing to inform the authorities concerned when
afflicted with any communicable disease, such as
tuberculosis, sexually-transmitted diseases, etc.;
v.Engaging in gambling or any game of change;
w.Committing any act which violates any law or ordinance,
in which, he/she shall be prosecuted criminally in
accordance with the law; and
x.Committing any act prejudicial to good order and
discipline.
Any personnel, especially warden, found to be
allowing and tolerating any violation mentioned above will
be immediately relieved from his/her designation without
prejudice to his or her being administratively charged.
Section 26. Duties and Functions of the Disciplinary Board
The board is tasked to investigate the facts of an alleged
misconduct referred to it, it shall hold sessions as often as necessary
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
a.Making untruthful statements or lies in any official
communication, transaction, or investigation;
b.Keeping or concealing keys locks of places in the jail
which are off-limits to inmates;
c.Giving gifts, selling, or bartering with jail personnel;
d.Keeping in his/her possession money, jewelry, cellular
phones or other communication devices and other
items classified as contraband under the rules;
e.Tattooing others or allowing him/her to be tattooed on
any part of the body, or keeping any paraphernalia to
be used in tattooing;
f.Forcibly taking or extorting money from fellow inmates
and visitors;
g.Punishing or inflicting injury or any harm upon
himself/herself or other inmates;
h.Receiving, keeping, taking or drinking liquor and
prohibited drugs;
i.Making, improvising or keeping any kind of deadly
weapon;
j.Counseling or withholding information on plans of
attempted escapes;
k.Unruly conduct and flagrant disregard for discipline and
instructions;
l.Escaping, attempting or planning to escape from the
institution or from any guard;
m.Helping, aiding or abetting others to escape;
n.Fighting, causing any disturbance or participating
therein and/or agitating to cause such disturbance or
riot;
o.Indecent, immoral or lascivious acts by himself/herself
or others and/or allowing himself/herself to be the
subject of such indecent, immoral, lascivious acts;
p.Willful disobedience to a lawful order issued by any
BJMP personnel;
q.Assaulting any BJMP personnel;
r.Damaging any government property or equipment;
s.Participating in kangaroo court, an unauthorized or
irregular court conducted with disregard for or
perversion of legal procedures as a mock court by the
inmates in a jail/prison;
t.Affiliating with any gang or faction whose main purpose
is to foment regionalism or to segregate themselves
from others;
u.Failing to inform the authorities concerned when
afflicted with any communicable disease, such as
tuberculosis, sexually-transmitted diseases, etc.;
v.Engaging in gambling or any game of change;
w.Committing any act which violates any law or ordinance,
in which, he/she shall be prosecuted criminally in
accordance with the law; and
x.Committing any act prejudicial to good order and
discipline.
Any personnel, especially warden, found to be
allowing and tolerating any violation mentioned above will
be immediately relieved from his/her designation without
prejudice to his or her being administratively charged.
Section 26. Duties and Functions of the Disciplinary Board
The board is tasked to investigate the facts of an alleged
misconduct referred to it, it shall hold sessions as often as necessary
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
in a room, which may be provided for the purpose. All cases
referred to it shall be heard and decided within 48 hours from the
date of receipt of the case.
Disciplinary Punishment in Jail / Prison
1.Counsel and Reprimand
2.Loss of Privileges
3.Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
4.Close Confinement
5.Reduced Diet
The Treatment Programs
A.Institutionalized Treatment Programs
1.Prison Education – the cornerstone of rehabilitation. It
is the process or result of formal training school or
classrooms intended to shape the mind and attitude of
prisoners towards good living upon their release.
2.Work Programs / Livelihood Programs – these are
programs conducive to change behavior in morale by
training prisoners for a useful occupation. It is purposely
to eliminate idleness on the part of prisoners, which
may contribute to “Prison Stupor”, and it affects the
incidence of Prison riot.
a.Industrial Programs – concerned in goods or
products production
b.Agricultural Programs – concerned in crops and
farm activities and programs
c.Religious Services in Prison / Spiritual Programs –
the purpose of this program is to change the
attitudes of inmates by inculcating religious values
or belief.
d.Sports and Recreational Programs – the only
leisure program that is conducted during free
time schedule.
e.Medical and Health Services – medical and
Health Services includes: Mental and Physical
Examination, Diagnostic and Treatment,
Immunization, Sanitary, Inspection, Participation
in Training.
f.Counseling and Casework
Penal Servitude / Prison Labor
Six Systems of Prison Labor are:
Penal Servitude – a punishment, which consist of keeping an
offender in confinement and compelling to labor. It is also known as
Prison Labor. Penal Servitude is being conducted in Hard Shops
Types:
1.Lease System – the state turns the prisoners over to a
private lease. The latter feeds clothes, guards, and houses
and disciplines the prisoners. This system prevailed in the
southern states of the United States. These systems no
longer exist.
2.Contract System – the state, under this system, retains
control of the prisoner and the contractor merely engages
with the state for the labor of the inmates, which is
performed within or near the prison. The contractor
supplies the raw material and supervises the work and pays
the institution the stipulated amount for the services of the
prisoners. These systems no longer exist.
3.Price-Piece System – under this system the contractor
supplies the raw materials and pays the state a determined
amount for the work done on each articles produced. The
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
referred to it shall be heard and decided within 48 hours from the
date of receipt of the case.
Disciplinary Punishment in Jail / Prison
1.Counsel and Reprimand
2.Loss of Privileges
3.Loss of Good Conduct Time Allowance
4.Close Confinement
5.Reduced Diet
The Treatment Programs
A.Institutionalized Treatment Programs
1.Prison Education – the cornerstone of rehabilitation. It
is the process or result of formal training school or
classrooms intended to shape the mind and attitude of
prisoners towards good living upon their release.
2.Work Programs / Livelihood Programs – these are
programs conducive to change behavior in morale by
training prisoners for a useful occupation. It is purposely
to eliminate idleness on the part of prisoners, which
may contribute to “Prison Stupor”, and it affects the
incidence of Prison riot.
a.Industrial Programs – concerned in goods or
products production
b.Agricultural Programs – concerned in crops and
farm activities and programs
c.Religious Services in Prison / Spiritual Programs –
the purpose of this program is to change the
attitudes of inmates by inculcating religious values
or belief.
d.Sports and Recreational Programs – the only
leisure program that is conducted during free
time schedule.
e.Medical and Health Services – medical and
Health Services includes: Mental and Physical
Examination, Diagnostic and Treatment,
Immunization, Sanitary, Inspection, Participation
in Training.
f.Counseling and Casework
Penal Servitude / Prison Labor
Six Systems of Prison Labor are:
Penal Servitude – a punishment, which consist of keeping an
offender in confinement and compelling to labor. It is also known as
Prison Labor. Penal Servitude is being conducted in Hard Shops
Types:
1.Lease System – the state turns the prisoners over to a
private lease. The latter feeds clothes, guards, and houses
and disciplines the prisoners. This system prevailed in the
southern states of the United States. These systems no
longer exist.
2.Contract System – the state, under this system, retains
control of the prisoner and the contractor merely engages
with the state for the labor of the inmates, which is
performed within or near the prison. The contractor
supplies the raw material and supervises the work and pays
the institution the stipulated amount for the services of the
prisoners. These systems no longer exist.
3.Price-Piece System – under this system the contractor
supplies the raw materials and pays the state a determined
amount for the work done on each articles produced. The
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
institution retains control of the inmates including the daily
quantity of work required. This system has also been
abolished.
4.Public Account System – in the Public Account System, the
state buys the raw material, manufactures and sells the
products and assumes all the risk of conducting a
manufacturing business. Today, prison-made products
cannot be sold in the open market.
5.State-Use System – under this system, the state conducts
the manufacture of the article but the use of the article is
limited to state owned institutions. The principle of the
system is that the state produces articles or merchandise
for its own consumption alone and in the process affords
the prisoner opportunities to train for a vocation.
6.Public Works and Ways System – Prison Labor is used in the
construction and repair of public buildings, roads, bridges,
flood control, reforestation, clearing land, preventing soil
erosion, etc. the ,system does not involve the application of
prison labor to the production of consumption goods.
Modes and Guidelines of Release – the following modes and
guidelines shall be observed when inmates are to be released from
detention.
a.An inmate may be released through:
Service of Sentence – released by director
Order of the Court – thru probation or
acquaintance
Parole – by BPP
Pardon - released by the order of the President
Amnesty – released by the order of the President
and Congress
b.Before an inmate is released, he/she shall be properly
identified to ensure that he/she is the same person
received and will be released. His/her marks and
fingerprints shall be verified with those taken when he/she
was received.
Any changes or differences in his/her distinguishing
marks and scars shall be investigated to ascertain
his/her real identity in order to prevent the
mistaken release of another person.
c.No inmate shall be released on a mere verbal order or an
order relayed by telephone. The release of an inmate by
reason of acquittal, dismissal of case, payment of fines
and/or indemnity, of filing of the release order served by
the court process server.
The Court shall bear the full name of the inmate,
the crime he/she was charged with, the criminal
case number and such other details that will enable
the officer in charge to properly identity the inmate
to be released.
Upon proper verification from the court of
the authenticity of the Order, an inmate
shall be released promptly and without
unreasonable delay.
Under proper receipt, all money earned and
other valuables held in trust when first
admitted, shall be returned to the inmate
upon release.
The released inmate shall be issued a
Certification of Discharge fron jail by the
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
quantity of work required. This system has also been
abolished.
4.Public Account System – in the Public Account System, the
state buys the raw material, manufactures and sells the
products and assumes all the risk of conducting a
manufacturing business. Today, prison-made products
cannot be sold in the open market.
5.State-Use System – under this system, the state conducts
the manufacture of the article but the use of the article is
limited to state owned institutions. The principle of the
system is that the state produces articles or merchandise
for its own consumption alone and in the process affords
the prisoner opportunities to train for a vocation.
6.Public Works and Ways System – Prison Labor is used in the
construction and repair of public buildings, roads, bridges,
flood control, reforestation, clearing land, preventing soil
erosion, etc. the ,system does not involve the application of
prison labor to the production of consumption goods.
Modes and Guidelines of Release – the following modes and
guidelines shall be observed when inmates are to be released from
detention.
a.An inmate may be released through:
Service of Sentence – released by director
Order of the Court – thru probation or
acquaintance
Parole – by BPP
Pardon - released by the order of the President
Amnesty – released by the order of the President
and Congress
b.Before an inmate is released, he/she shall be properly
identified to ensure that he/she is the same person
received and will be released. His/her marks and
fingerprints shall be verified with those taken when he/she
was received.
Any changes or differences in his/her distinguishing
marks and scars shall be investigated to ascertain
his/her real identity in order to prevent the
mistaken release of another person.
c.No inmate shall be released on a mere verbal order or an
order relayed by telephone. The release of an inmate by
reason of acquittal, dismissal of case, payment of fines
and/or indemnity, of filing of the release order served by
the court process server.
The Court shall bear the full name of the inmate,
the crime he/she was charged with, the criminal
case number and such other details that will enable
the officer in charge to properly identity the inmate
to be released.
Upon proper verification from the court of
the authenticity of the Order, an inmate
shall be released promptly and without
unreasonable delay.
Under proper receipt, all money earned and
other valuables held in trust when first
admitted, shall be returned to the inmate
upon release.
The released inmate shall be issued a
Certification of Discharge fron jail by the
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
Warden/Wardress or his/her authorized
representative.
Pregnant Female Inmate
Pregnant women must be given special considerations and
if ever that the child was born, the said child will have to stay to
his/her mother for not more than one year.
Can an Inmate Marry?
Yes...But...
Be held inside the jail
Request must be produced to the Superintendent
Expenses must be shouldered by the inmate
Solemnized by the prison chaplain
No media coverage
No jail personnel sponsors and witness
Miscellaneous Topics about Institutional Correction
The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
treatment of offenders prescribes that penal institution
should not exceed 1,200 inmates. Smaller institutions
should however not be too small as to make operating cost
too expensive.
Super Security Facility – a small portion of any prison
population consists of incorrigibles, recidivists, escape
artists, and chronic troublemakers. This category of
prisoners should be confined in a unit or institution separate
from the general population.
BUCOR’s Teams under Riot and Disorders
Group 1 – anti riot assault with shields, head gear, gas
mask, and baton to disperse the rioters and leaders
Group 2 – back up team with tear gas and gas grenades
Group 3 – fire arms team use firearms with permission of
the guard in charged
Salient Points on RA 10575 “BUCOR LAW OF 2013”
Classification of Dormitory
1.Type A Dormitory – above 500 inmate capacity and lot area
of more than 1.5 hectares
2.Type B Dormitory – 101 to 500 inmate capacity and lot area
of 1.5 hectares
3.Type C Dormitory – 1 to 100 inmate capacity and lot area of
3,000 aq. m.
Cell Capacity
1.Ideal habitable floor area per inmate = 4.7 sq. m.
2.Max. number of inmates per cell = 10
3.Max. number of bunks beds = 5 units two level
Key Positions
The BUCOR shall be headed by a Director who shall be
assisted by three Deputy Director: 1 for Administration, 1 for
Security and Operations, and 1 for Reformation, all of whom shall
be appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the
Secretary of the DOJ who shall have tenure of 6 years.
BuCor Manning Level
1.1:7 for 3 shifts
2.Reformation personnel to inmate ratio of 1:24 for 1 shift
3.The reformation ration is broken down into the following:
a.Moral and Spiritual Personnel to Inmate ratio is 1:240
b.Educational and Training Personnel to Inmate ratio is
1:120
c.Work and Livelihood Personnel to Inmate ratio is 1:180
d.Sports and Recreation Personnel to Inmate ratio is
1:225
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
representative.
Pregnant Female Inmate
Pregnant women must be given special considerations and
if ever that the child was born, the said child will have to stay to
his/her mother for not more than one year.
Can an Inmate Marry?
Yes...But...
Be held inside the jail
Request must be produced to the Superintendent
Expenses must be shouldered by the inmate
Solemnized by the prison chaplain
No media coverage
No jail personnel sponsors and witness
Miscellaneous Topics about Institutional Correction
The United Nations Standard Minimum Rules for the
treatment of offenders prescribes that penal institution
should not exceed 1,200 inmates. Smaller institutions
should however not be too small as to make operating cost
too expensive.
Super Security Facility – a small portion of any prison
population consists of incorrigibles, recidivists, escape
artists, and chronic troublemakers. This category of
prisoners should be confined in a unit or institution separate
from the general population.
BUCOR’s Teams under Riot and Disorders
Group 1 – anti riot assault with shields, head gear, gas
mask, and baton to disperse the rioters and leaders
Group 2 – back up team with tear gas and gas grenades
Group 3 – fire arms team use firearms with permission of
the guard in charged
Salient Points on RA 10575 “BUCOR LAW OF 2013”
Classification of Dormitory
1.Type A Dormitory – above 500 inmate capacity and lot area
of more than 1.5 hectares
2.Type B Dormitory – 101 to 500 inmate capacity and lot area
of 1.5 hectares
3.Type C Dormitory – 1 to 100 inmate capacity and lot area of
3,000 aq. m.
Cell Capacity
1.Ideal habitable floor area per inmate = 4.7 sq. m.
2.Max. number of inmates per cell = 10
3.Max. number of bunks beds = 5 units two level
Key Positions
The BUCOR shall be headed by a Director who shall be
assisted by three Deputy Director: 1 for Administration, 1 for
Security and Operations, and 1 for Reformation, all of whom shall
be appointed by the President upon the recommendation of the
Secretary of the DOJ who shall have tenure of 6 years.
BuCor Manning Level
1.1:7 for 3 shifts
2.Reformation personnel to inmate ratio of 1:24 for 1 shift
3.The reformation ration is broken down into the following:
a.Moral and Spiritual Personnel to Inmate ratio is 1:240
b.Educational and Training Personnel to Inmate ratio is
1:120
c.Work and Livelihood Personnel to Inmate ratio is 1:180
d.Sports and Recreation Personnel to Inmate ratio is
1:225
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
e.Health and Welfare Personnel to Inmate ratio is 1:80
f.Behavior Modification Personnel to Inmate ratio is
1:150
BuCor Officers Basic Qualification
*All of the requirements asked by law is very much the
same of the PNP, BFP and BJMP but only differs in mandatory AGE
requirement which is 21 to 40 years old for the BuCor.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
f.Behavior Modification Personnel to Inmate ratio is
1:150
BuCor Officers Basic Qualification
*All of the requirements asked by law is very much the
same of the PNP, BFP and BJMP but only differs in mandatory AGE
requirement which is 21 to 40 years old for the BuCor.
PROF. LESLIE ANN D BANAAG, RCrim “The Preparation you make will give you the greatest change in your life”
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