Cabbage butterfly

EHTISHAM ALI HUSSAIN�BAGF15E258�University College Of Agriculture,
University of Sargodha���

[email protected]

1. PRESENTATION Entomology 402

2. EHTISHAM ALI HUSSAIN BAGF15E258 University College Of Agriculture, University of Sargodha

3. Topic: INSECT PESTS OF VEGETABLES Cabbage Butterfly

4. CABBAGE BUTTERFLY TAXONOMY  Kingdom : Metazoa   Phylum : Arthropoda   Subphylum : Uniramia   Class : Insecta   Order : Lepidoptera   Family : Pieridae  Genus : Pieris   Species : Pieris brassicae

5. Host Range larvae preferred sarson , cabbage ,  mustard  whereas toria was less preferred cabbage is most susceptible to attack by  P. brassicae , Many other plants are affected by P.brassicae like Swede,Black mustard, Cauliflowers,Broccoli,Turnip rape,Caper bush,Lavender

6. Distribution The large white is common throughout Europe, North Africa , Asia even through the Himalayas.  often in agricultural areas, meadows and parkland.

7. Identification Eggs: The large white eggs appear as a pale yellow colour. They turn into a darker yellow within twenty-four hours of being oviposited. A few hours prior to hatching, they will become black in colour, and the shell will become more transparent, and the larvae will appear visible.

8. Larvae Pale yellow or greenish yellow Newly-emerged larvae are yellow with shiny black heads After the first moult the colour changes to yellowish-green  On the back and sides there are numerous hair-topped tubercles, which give the larva a rugose texture Fully-fed larvae are 45 mm long The head is bluish-grey with black patches.

9. Pupae Length 20 mm Pale green or greyish-white and dotted with black and yellow markings. Several blunt spikes are also found on the abdomen. Found on walls, fencing, tree-trunks and stones, or under roofs and branches, 

10. Adult Large Body blackish Wing yellowish white with a black patch on apical angle of each forewing The head, thorax and abdomen are black with grey hair-like scales.

11. Male The upperside of the male is creamy white. The forewing is irrorated (sprinkled) with black scales  Hindwing: uniform, irrorated The underside of the forewing is white  The antennae are black and white at apex

12. Female Female bears black spots on the upper side of each forewing The upperside of the female is similar to that of the male, but the irroration of black scales at the bases of the wings is more extended. Wingspan 55-70 mm, with females being larger than the males The black discal spots on forewing are much larger

13. Life cycle The females place their eggs (about 200/female) in groups on the lower side of host leaves. The larvae prefer the morphology of leaf undersides over the upper surface of leaves Most females choose nectar plants The eggs hatch in 2 weeks Larvae period lasts for 3 weeks Pupal period is for 2 weeks The pest raises 3-5 annual generations

14. Damage: This insect pest feeds on all Cole crops (cabbage family plants) The larvae feed and damage the leaves by making big holes in them Reducing the photosynthetic area of plant When heads develop feed on the outer leaves and bore into the center

15. Control ETL: 20 larvae/l0 plants Cultural Control:  cauliflower fields planted from May to July covered with netting  Covering the crop for 4-5 weeks in the first few weeks after planting was sufficient to exclude and control  P. brassicae collection and destruction of eggs cluster and larvae. Chemical control: Spary LUFENURON EC 200ml/acre SPINOSAD SC 80ml/acre Other chemical are Fenvalerate Deltamethrin

16. Biological control Apantelese spp . Is a larval parasitoid of cabbage butterfly. Larvae killed by Cotesia glomerata and Pteromalus puparum  Other important enemies are   Phryxe vulgaris   which kill the pupae

17. ento

18. Ento 402 THANK YOU