CABKOMA carbon reinforced thermoplastic composites

about Cabkoma

1. DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING DIVISION OF STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING CONSTRUCTION ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT TECHNICAL SEMINAR CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED THERMO PLASTIC COMPOSITES- CABKOMA PRESENTED BY- S KULASI ABIRAMI 2024208027 1

2. INTRODUCTION Earthquakes are the indication for transformation of earth internal surface. The Indian subcontinent has suffered some of the greatest earthquakes in the world. For this initially there were many passive techniques introduced to reduce the damage caused due to earthquakes which are based on decreasing the lateral loads on structures. Since the late twentieth century the focus has shifted to introduce active earthquake techniques which are meant to absorb the seismic waves or do not let the waves propagate through the building. Though it is not possible to prevent an earthquake, the least that can be achieved in reducing the  damage is to  make the buildings earthquake resistant with the advancements in earthquake resistant  techniques. The major goal is to use CABKOMA strands to create a novel earthquake-resistant technology. 2

3. Carbon  fibre  reinforced thermoplastic composites are a class of advanced materials that combine carbon  fibres  with thermoplastic matrices. They are known for High strength-to-weight ratio, Durability, Versatility cfrps have also proved themselves cost-effective in a number of field applications strengthening concrete, masonry, steel, cast iron, and timber structures. Their use in industry can be either for retrofitting to strengthen an existing structure or as an alternative reinforcing (or prestressing) material instead of steel from the outset of a project. CARBON FIBRE REINFORCED THERMO PLASTIC COMPOSITES 3

4. CABKOMA Japan-based Komatsu Seiten Fabric Laboratory has created a new thermoplastic carbon fibre composite called CABKOMA Strand Rod. It refers to a type of advanced material that combines carbon fibre with thermoplastic polymers to create high-performance composites. The CABKOMA strand rod is made of a carbon fibre composite. Thin, oriented carbon fibre strands are used for the interlining. They are covered by an outer layer composed of synthetic and inorganic fibres intended to protect against weathering of the carbon  fibres . 4

5. KUMIHIMO is a traditional braiding technique in Japan with more than 1,000 years of history. KUMIHIMO, in contrast, is a technique where several threads or several dozen threads of silk or other fibres are clustered together as one, and, gathering three or more of these clusters, a braid is created by crossing them diagonally, front to back, or top to bottom. PREPARATION OF CABKOMA 5

6. CABKOMA Strand Rod (CABKOMA, for short), a carbon fiber composite material in wire form developed by Komatsu Matere Co., Ltd, a textile company in Ishikawa Prefecture, uses the KUMIHIMO technique in the manufacturing of wires for buildings. Okuya Teruhiro , Director of the Research and Development Division at Komatsu Matere , moved forward with the development of new wires that could be used in the field of architecture, utilizing textile techniques. 6

7. ADVANTAGES OF CABKOMA OVER CONVENTIONAL REBAR Lighter than steel, making it easier to handle and install. It offers high tensile strength despite its lightweight, providing effective reinforcement with less material. highly resistant to corrosion, which is a major issue for steel in humid or saline environments. It is more flexible and easier to shape, allowing it to adapt to complex architectural designs. Often used in visible installations due to its sleek, modern appearance. Excellent performance in seismic reinforcement due to its ability to absorb and dissipate energy Lower carbon footprint due to its lightweight nature and less material usage. 7

8. CABKOMA STRANDS The CABKOMA Strand Rod, a cutting-edge construction material, has emerged as a game-changer, pushing the boundaries of architectural innovation. Aspects of CABKOMA Strand Rod, exploring its applications in architectural design projects, strength and durability, ease of installation, cost-effectiveness, aesthetic appeal, availability, compatibility with other materials, environmental impact, fire resistance, thermal insulation, density and weight, recyclability, sound insulation, and other pertinent details. Its inherent strength allows for bold and daring designs that were once deemed impractical. Architects have utilized CABKOMA Strand Rod in the construction of lightweight yet robust structures, enabling the creation of intricate facades and unconventional building shapes. 8

9. Komatsu Matere Fabric Laboratory (fa- bo ) (Ishikawa Pref., work performed Nov. 2015) 9

10. PHYSICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CABKOMA STRAND PART NO/ NAME ACTUAL DIAMETER (mm) EFFECTIVE CROSS SECTIONAL AREA*1 mm 2 UNIT WEIGHT (g/m) BREAKING FORCE ( kN ) TENSILE ELASTICITY kN /mm 2 NH2417 7.0 11.6 53 35 ≦ 160 NH2427 8.2 18.3 68 55 ≦ 160 NH2437 9.3 27.5 88 80 ≦ 160 D22 reinforcing steel 22.0 387.1 3040 76 206 PC Steel wire 9.3 51.61 405 88.8 185 10

11. CABKOMA SHEETS CABKOMA sheet is a carbon fibre composite, comprised of carbon fibre impregnated with thermoplastic resin. Physical Properties of CABKOMA Sheets Prepreg Resin Weight (g/m 2 ) Thickness (mm) 3K Plain Thermoplastic Epoxy Resin 370 0.4 6 K Plain 458 0.5 12K Twill 940 1.1 11

12. Molded product (reference value) Weight (g/ ㎡ ) Thickness (mm) Tensile strength (MPa) Tension elastic modulus ( GPa ) Bending strength (MPa) Bending elastic modulus ( GPa ) 3K Plain 1ply 370 0.24 500 85 700 50 3K Plain 3ply 1110 0.74 500 85 700 50 12K Twill 1ply 940 0.59 750 100 700 50 12K Twill 3ply 2820 1.77 750 100 700 50 T he Mechanical Properties of CABKOMA Sheets 12

13. YKC METHOD The YCK method is a construction method used to reinforce and repair signal posts and beacon posts. It was developed by the company komatsumateRe and Yoshimoto Pole Co., Ltd. The CABKOMA P sheet is applied to the corroded section of a pole. The CABKOMA sheets used for strengthening of poles 13

14. CASE STUDY KOMATSU MATERE FABRIC LABORATORY (FA-BO) PROJECT FOR RENOVATING THE FORMER HEAD OFFICE BUILDING OF KOMATSU MATERE The world’s first seismic reinforcement structure using a carbon fibre material designed by Kengo Kuma, a world-renowned architect “fa- bo ,” a fabric laboratory with a new building material proposed by a fibre company. The former head office building of Komatsu Matere was renovated with the world ’ s first seismic reinforcement that uses the CABKOMA Strand Rod, a thermoplastic carbon fibre composite, as the seismic reinforcing material. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN AND STRUCTURAL DESIGN Architectural design - Kengo Kuma and Associates. Structural design - Ejiri Structural Engineers 14

15. REINFORCEMENT EFFECT-CONCEPTUAL RENDERING OF REINFORCEMENT Seismic reinforcement was achieved with exterior CF rod drape and interior partition brace bearing walls. The target values of the reinforcement criteria are as follows: → Exterior CF rods: Around 3% / Partition brace bearing walls: Around 10% 15

16. EXTERIOR CF ROD DRAPE T he implementation of CABKOMA for the renovation of the building 16

17. Verification of the reinforcement effect Figure depicts how Tensile strength is applied to the rod in the event of an earthquake in the direction of X Figure 7.5 depicts how Tensile strength is applied to the rod in the event of an earthquake in the direction of Y 17

18. DISADVANTAGES OF CABKOMA Cost Availability Limited Application Installation Expertise Environmental Impact Carbon fiber will break or shatter  when it’s compressed, pushed beyond its strength capabilities or exposed to high impact. It will crack if hit by a hammer.  Machining and holes can also create weak areas that may increase its likelihood of breaking. 18

19. CONCLUSION CABKOMA Strand Rod emerges as a revolutionary construction material that transcends conventional limitations. CABKOMA Strand Rod stands as a testament to the evolution of construction materials Embrace the future of architecture with CABKOMA Strand Rod – where strength meets creativity, and sustainability meets style. CABKOMA strand rods are an innovative solution to protect structures built without considering earthquake resistance. 19

20. REFERENCES Alshammari , B.A., Alsuhybani , M.S., Almushaikeh , A.M., Alotaibi, B.M., Alenad , A.M., Alqahtani , N.B. and Alharbi, A.G., 2021. Comprehensive review of the properties and modifications of carbon fiber -reinforced thermoplastic composites.  Polymers ,  13 (15), p.2474. Carbon fibers performs asthetically and structurally URL:https://www.compositesworld.com/articles/carbon-fiber-strands-perform-aesthetically-and-structurally.  Eshelman, L.D., 2019. Strand rods and high-performance fiber -reinforced cementitious composites: alternative options for seismic retrofit of existing structures. Franta , A. and Zając , D., 2022. Carbon fiber reinforced polymer and tensegrity structures in search of model architectural and engineering solutions.  Technical Transactions ,  119 (1). Gavali , V.C., Kubade , P.R. and Kulkarni, H.B., 2020. Mechanical and thermo-mechanical properties of carbon fiber reinforced thermoplastic composite fabricated using fused deposition modeling method.  Materials Today: Proceedings ,  22 , pp.1786-1795. 20

21. Gomasa Ramesh , Doddipati Srinath And Mandala Sheshu Kumar Volume 4 Issue 5,International Journal Of Trend In Scientific Research And Development ( Ijtsrd ),”Earthquake Resistant Of Rcc Structures”. Masera , G., Imperadori , M., Pitalieri , E., Redaelli , A. and Tomasoni , D., 2017. Carbon nets: structural reinforcement and seismic assessment of existing buildings with carbon strands ( Cabkoma ). In  Ingegneria forense , crolli , affidabilità strutturale e consolidamento  (pp. 621-632). Dario Flaccovio Editore . Patel, V. and Magarpatil , H., 2022. Comparative Study of Carbon Fiber -Reinforced Polymer Cabled Structure Subjected to Seismic Loads. In  Recent Trends in Civil Engineering: Select Proceedings of ICRACE 2021  (pp. 263-278). Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore. Vaibhav Singh, Omprakash Netula , Faraz Khan, (2021), “Analysis of various techniques of earthquake resistance building: review paper”, Journal of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, ISSN-1671-4512, Volume 50, Issue 7.  Yao, S.S., Jin , F.L., Rhee, K.Y., Hui, D. and Park, S.J., 2018. Recent advances in carbon- fiber -reinforced thermoplastic composites: A review.  Composites Part B: Engineering ,  142 , pp.241-250. 21

22. THANK YOU 22