CAD/CAM Manual: Geometric and Assembly Modeling using SolidWorks 2023

Introduction of Modeling, Geometric modeling, Generation of surfaces of revolution, Assembly, Constraints, Exploded Views, Interference check, To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Piston using modelling software, To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Connecting Rod using modelling software, To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Web using modelling software, To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Crankpin using modelling software, To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Piston Pin using modelling
software, To Create a part model of a Piston Ring using modelling software, To Create a Crankshaft assembly using modelling software.

1. MODELLING
Introduction of Modeling:
Computer-Aided Design (CAD) modeling is a powerful tool used in various industries to create
precise digital representations of objects or systems. Here are some key modeling techniques
used in CAD:
1. 2D Drawing:
o Traditional CAD technique involving the creation of flat, two-dimensional
representations of objects.
o Used for creating technical drawings, blueprints, and schematics.
2. 3D Modeling:
o Creating three-dimensional digital representations of objects.
o Allows for visualization, analysis, and modification of designs in a virtual
environment.
3. Parametric Modeling:
o Uses parameters and constraints to define the geometry of a model.
o Allows for easy modifications by changing parameter values, which
automatically updates the model.
4. Surface Modeling:
o Focuses on creating complex surfaces and curves.
o Commonly used in automotive and aerospace industries for designing
bodywork and aerodynamic surfaces.
5. Solid Modeling:
o Represents objects as solid entities with volume and mass.
o Used for mechanical components, assemblies, and parts that require precise
physical properties.
6. Wireframe Modeling:
o Uses lines and curves to represent the edges of an object.
o Provides a skeletal outline of the model, useful for initial design stages.
7. Direct Modeling:
o Allows for direct manipulation of geometry without relying on a history tree.
o Useful for making quick changes and edits to existing models.
8. Assembly Modeling:
o Combines multiple individual parts into a final product.
o Ensures that all components fit together correctly and function as intended

2. Page 2 of 29

Product development activity starts with the design of the product. This is a very critical
activity which will influence the cost, performance, service life, quality, manufacturability,
maintainability etc. The challenges before the product designers today are listed below:
✓ Higher customer quality expectations
✓ Need to have innovation and originality in design
✓ Need for global collaboration across and beyond the enterprise among designers,
customers and vendors to reduce development lead times
✓ Need to evaluate feasibility throughout the design process
✓ Ability to react quickly to design changes as and when change requests are made
✓ Ability to express the design intent in terms of shape and function using the tools available
as well as the ability of the tools to transfer data back and forth seamlessly.
Geometric modeling:
Product development activity starts with the design of the product. This is a very critical
activity which Manufacturing of machine parts and components is carried out with the help
of drawings. Drawings are also required for process planning, tool design, production
planning, and CNC programming, inspection, assembly, costing and vendor development.
Thus, drawings are essential documents for product development as well as for regular
production.
GEOMETRIC MODELING: Computer representation of the geometry of a component using
software is called a geometric model. Geometric modeling is done in three principal ways
mentioned below
1. Wire frame modeling
2. Surface modeling
3. Solid modeling
These modeling methods have distinct features and applications.
1. Wire frame modeling
In wire frame modeling the object is represented by its edges. In the initial stages CAD,
wire frame models were in 2-D. Subsequently 3-D wire frame modeling software was
introduced. Though this type of modeling may not provide unambiguous understanding
the object, this has been the method traditionally used the 2-D representation the
object, where orthographic views like plan, elevation, end view etc. are used to describe
the object graphically.

3. Page 3 of 29

Wire frame modeling: A comparison between 2-D and 3-D models is given
below:
2-D Models 3-D Wire Frame Models
• Ends (vertices) of lines are
represented by their X and Y
coordinates
• Curved edges are represented
by circles, ellipses, splines etc.
Additional view and sectional
views are necessary to
represent a complex object
with clarity.
• 3-D image reconstruction is
tedious.
• Uses only one global coordinate
system
• Ends of lines are represented
by their X, Y and Z coordinates.
• Curved surfaces are
represented by suitably spaced
generators. Hidden line or
hidden surface elimination is a
must to interpret complex
components correctly.
• 2-D views as well as various
pictorial views can be
generated easily.
• May require the use of several
user coordinate systems to
create features on different
faces of the component.
Wireframe model of an object is created by entirely of points, lines, arcs, circles,
conics, and curves. In 3D wireframe model, an object is not recorded as a solid. In this form
the object is displayed by interconnecting lines. Instead, the vertices that define the boundary
of the object, or the intersections of the edges of the object boundary are recorded as a
collection of points and their connectivity.

4. Page 4 of 29

2. Surface modeling
In this approach, a component is represented by its surfaces which in turn are represented
by their vertices and edges. For example, eight surfaces are put together to create a box,
as shown in Fig. Surface modeling has been very popular in aerospace product design and
automotive design. Surface modeling has been particularly useful in the development of
manufacturing codes for automobile panels and the complex doubly curved shapes of
aerospace structures and dies and moulds. It can also be created by surface modeling
techniques like B-splines or NURBS (Non-Uniform Rational B-splines).


3. Solid modeling
The representation of solid models uses the fundamental idea that a physical object
divides the 3-D Euclidean space into two regions, one exterior and one interior, separated
by the boundary of the solid. Solid models are:
✓ Bounded
✓ Homogeneously three dimensional
✓ Finite
Solid models are known to be complete, valid, and unambiguous representations of
objects. Simply stated, a complete solid is one which enables a point in space to be
classified relative to the object, if it is inside, outside, or on
the object. This classification is sometimes called spatial
addressability. A valid solid is one that does not have
dangling edges or faces. An unambiguous solid has one and
only one interpretation. Solid modeling achieves
completeness, validity, and un-ambiguity of geometric
models, Therefore, the automation of tasks such as
interference analysis, mass property calculations. Finite
element modeling and analysis, Computer Aided Process
Planning (CAPP), machine vision, and NC machining is
possible.

5. Page 5 of 29

• Solid modeling is a consistent set of principles for mathematical and computer
modeling of three-dimensional solids.
• Solid modeling is distinguished from related areas of geometric modeling and
computer graphics by its emphasis on physical fidelity.
• Modeling is the process of developing a mathematical representation of the geometry
of an object.
• The model resembles the object.
• A model is an artificially constructed object that makes observation of another object
easier.

Extrude
Extrude is a fundamental operation in CAD software used to create 3D shapes from 2D
sketches or profiles. It essentially "stretches" a 2D shape into the third dimension, adding
depth and volume. Let's dive into the details of the extrude function:
How Extrude Works
1. Start with a 2D Sketch:
o Begin by creating a 2D sketch or profile on a flat plane. This can be any shape,
such as a rectangle, circle, or more complex geometry.
2. Select the Profile:
o In the CAD software, select the sketch or profile that you want to extrude.
3. Specify the Extrusion Direction:
o Choose the direction in which you want to extrude the profile. This can be
perpendicular to the sketch plane or along a specific vector.
4. Define the Extrusion Distance:
o Set the distance or depth to which the profile should be extruded. This can be
a fixed length or up to a specific surface.
5. Execute the Extrusion:
o Apply the extrusion operation to create the 3D shape. The result is a solid
object that extends from the original 2D profile.
Types of Extrusion
1. Blind Extrusion:
o Extends the profile to a specified distance in one direction.
2. Through All Extrusion:
o Extends the profile through the entire thickness of the part or up to a selected
surface.
3. Symmetric Extrusion:
o Extends the profile equally in both directions from the sketch plane.
4. Tapered Extrusion:
o Adds a taper angle to the extrusion, creating a shape that narrows or widens
along the extrusion direction.

6. Page 6 of 29

Applications of Extrude
• Creating Basic Shapes: Quickly create simple 3D shapes like cylinders, prisms, and
boxes.
• Adding Features: Generate features such as holes, bosses, and ribs by extruding
specific profiles.
• Building Complex Models: Combine multiple extrusions and other operations to build
complex 3D models.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create a cylindrical rod:
1. Create a Circle: Draw a circle on a flat plane.
2. Select Extrude: Choose the extrude tool and select the circle.
3. Specify Direction and Distance: Set the extrusion direction perpendicular to the plane
and define the length of the rod.
4. Execute: Apply the extrusion to generate the cylindrical rod.
Revolve
Revolve is another fundamental operation in CAD that allows you to create 3D shapes by
rotating a 2D profile around an axis. This is particularly useful for creating symmetrical objects
like cones, cylinders, and spheres. Here's a closer look at how the revolve function works:
How Revolve Works
1. Start with a 2D Sketch:
o Begin by creating a 2D profile on a flat plane. This can be any shape, such as a
line, curve, or closed shape.
2. Select the Profile:
o In the CAD software, select the sketch or profile that you want to revolve.
3. Specify the Axis of Revolution:
o Choose the axis around which you want to revolve the profile. This axis can be
a line, an edge, or a specific reference in the sketch.
4. Define the Revolve Angle:
o Set the angle through which the profile should be revolved. This can be a full
360 degrees or a specified portion of a circle.
5. Execute the Revolve:
o Apply the revolve operation to create the 3D shape. The result is a solid object
formed by rotating the 2D profile around the axis.
Types of Revolve
1. Full Revolve:
o Rotates the profile through a full 360 degrees, creating a complete
symmetrical shape.
2. Partial Revolve:
o Rotates the profile through a specified angle, creating a segment of the shape.
3. Symmetric Revolve:
o Revolves the profile equally in both directions from the sketch plane.

7. Page 7 of 29

Applications of Revolve
• Creating Symmetrical Objects: Ideal for objects like bottles, vases, and wheels.
• Adding Features: Generate features such as flanges, fillets, and chamfers by revolving
specific profiles.
• Building Complex Models: Combine multiple revolves and other operations to build
intricate 3D models.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create a cylindrical rod with a flange:
1. Create a Profile: Draw a half-section of the rod with the flange on a flat plane.
2. Select Revolve: Choose the revolve tool and select the profile.
3. Specify Axis and Angle: Set the axis along the centerline of the rod and define a full
360-degree rotation.
4. Execute: Apply the revolve to generate the cylindrical rod with the flange.
Sweep
Sweep is a versatile operation in CAD that allows you to create complex 3D shapes by moving
a 2D profile along a defined path. This technique is particularly useful for designing objects
with intricate, continuous shapes. Here's a detailed look at how the sweep function works:
How Sweep Works
1. Start with a 2D Sketch:
o Begin by creating a 2D profile or cross-section on a flat plane. This profile can
be any shape, such as a circle, rectangle, or custom geometry.
2. Define the Path:
o Create or select a path along which the profile will be swept. The path can be
a straight line, curve, or any complex trajectory.
3. Select the Profile and Path:
o In the CAD software, select both the profile and the path that you want to use
for the sweep operation.
4. Execute the Sweep:
o Apply the sweep operation to create the 3D shape by moving the profile along
the defined path.
Types of Sweep
1. Standard Sweep:
o Sweeps the profile along the path while keeping the orientation of the profile
constant.
2. Guide Sweep:
o Uses additional guide curves to control the orientation and shape of the profile
along the path.
3. Helical Sweep:
o Sweeps the profile along a helical or spiral path, often used for creating threads
or springs.

8. Page 8 of 29

4. Variable Sweep:
o Allows for changes in the profile's size and shape along the path, creating more
complex geometries.
Applications of Sweep
• Pipes and Tubes: Create hollow or solid pipes and tubes by sweeping a circular profile
along a curved path.
• Wires and Cables: Design wires, cables, and other flexible components that follow a
specific route.
• Rails and Handrails: Generate handrails and similar objects that follow a staircase or
curved path.
• Custom Shapes: Create complex custom shapes for various design applications, such
as automotive and aerospace components.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create a bent pipe:
1. Create a Circle: Draw a circular profile on a flat plane.
2. Define a Path: Draw a curved path representing the pipe's route.
3. Select Profile and Path: Choose the circular profile and the curved path in the sweep
tool.
4. Execute: Apply the sweep operation to generate the bent pipe.

Loft
Loft is a powerful and flexible CAD operation used to create complex 3D shapes by blending
multiple 2D profiles along a specific path. This technique is particularly useful for designing
smooth and organic shapes that cannot be easily achieved with basic operations like extrude
or revolve. Here's a detailed look at how the loft function works:
How Loft Works
1. Create 2D Profiles:
o Begin by creating multiple 2D sketches or profiles on different planes. These
profiles can be any shape, such as circles, rectangles, or custom geometries.
2. Select the Profiles:
o In the CAD software, select the profiles you want to use for the loft operation.
The profiles should be ordered in the sequence they are to be blended.
3. Define the Path (Optional):
o Optionally, you can create or select a guide path to control the shape of the
loft. This path can be a straight line, curve, or any complex trajectory.
4. Execute the Loft:
o Apply the loft operation to create the 3D shape by smoothly blending the
selected profiles along the specified path.

9. Page 9 of 29

Types of Loft
1. Profile-to-Profile Loft:
o Blends multiple profiles to create a smooth transition from one shape to
another.
2. Loft with Guide Curves:
o Uses additional guide curves to control the shape and direction of the loft,
providing more control over the final geometry.
3. Closed Loft:
o Creates a closed, seamless shape by blending profiles in a circular or looped
manner.
Applications of Loft
• Aerospace and Automotive Design: Creating smooth, aerodynamic shapes for aircraft
and vehicles.
• Industrial Design: Designing consumer products with complex and ergonomic shapes,
such as kitchen appliances and furniture.
• Architectural Design: Generating organic and freeform architectural structures and
components.
• Custom Shapes: Creating unique and artistic shapes for various design applications.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create a vase:
1. Create Profiles: Draw multiple cross-sectional profiles of the vase at different heights
on separate planes.
2. Select Profiles: Choose the profiles in the loft tool.
3. Optionally Define Path: Create a guide curve if needed to control the shape of the
vase.
4. Execute: Apply the loft operation to generate the smooth, continuous shape of the
vase.
Generation of surfaces of revolution
Generating surfaces of revolution is a common and powerful technique in CAD used to create
symmetrical shapes by rotating a 2D profile around an axis. Here's a detailed look at how
surfaces of revolution are generated:
Steps to Generate Surfaces of Revolution
1. Create a 2D Profile:
o Begin by sketching a 2D profile on a flat plane. This profile can be a line, curve,
or any closed shape that represents the cross-section of the object.
2. Select the Profile:
o In your CAD software, select the profile you want to revolve.
3. Specify the Axis of Revolution:
o Choose an axis around which the profile will be rotated. This axis can be an
existing line, edge, or a line you draw in the sketch.
4. Define the Revolve Angle:

10. Page 10 of 29

o Set the angle through which the profile should be revolved. For a full surface
of revolution, you typically use 360 degrees, but you can also use partial angles
to create segments.
5. Execute the Revolve:
o Apply the revolve operation to generate the 3D surface. The result is a smooth,
symmetrical shape created by the rotation of the profile around the axis.
Examples of Surfaces of Revolution
• Cylinders: Generated by revolving a rectangular profile around one of its sides.
• Cones: Created by revolving a triangular profile around one of its legs.
• Spheres: Formed by revolving a semicircular profile around its diameter.
• Torus: Created by revolving a circular profile around an axis that lies outside the
profile, forming a doughnut shape.
Applications
• Mechanical Components: Design of shafts, pulleys, and other rotational parts.
• Consumer Products: Creation of symmetrical objects like bottles, cups, and vases.
• Architectural Elements: Designing columns, domes, and other rotationally
symmetrical structures.
• Aerospace: Creating aerodynamic shapes like nose cones and fuselage sections.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create a simple bottle:
1. Create the Profile: Draw the half-section of the bottle, including the body and the
neck, on a flat plane.
2. Select Revolve: Choose the revolve tool and select the half-section profile.
3. Specify Axis: Set the axis along the centerline of the bottle.
4. Define Angle: Set the revolve angle to 360 degrees to create a complete bottle.
5. Execute: Apply the revolve operation to generate the symmetrical shape of the bottle.
Surfaces of extrusion
Surfaces of extrusion are generated by sweeping a 2D profile along a straight path to create
a surface. This technique is useful for creating objects with a consistent cross-section along
their length. Here's a detailed look at how surfaces of extrusion are created and their
applications:
How Extrusion Works
1. Create a 2D Profile:
o Begin by sketching a 2D profile or cross-section on a flat plane. This profile can
be any shape, such as a line, curve, or closed shape.
2. Define the Extrusion Path:
o Specify a straight path along which the profile will be extruded. The path is
typically perpendicular to the sketch plane.
3. Select the Profile and Path:
o In your CAD software, select the profile and specify the extrusion path.
4. Execute the Extrusion:

11. Page 11 of 29

o Apply the extrusion operation to create the surface by sweeping the profile
along the specified path.
Applications of Surfaces of Extrusion
• Architectural Design: Creating building facades, columns, and other structural
elements.
• Mechanical Components: Designing parts with uniform cross-sections, such as beams,
channels, and tubes.
• Industrial Design: Generating objects like handles, frames, and enclosures.
• Product Design: Creating items with consistent shapes, such as packaging and
containers.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create an aluminum extrusion profile for a window frame:
1. Create the Profile: Draw the cross-sectional shape of the window frame on a flat
plane.
2. Define the Path: Specify a straight path along which the profile will be extruded.
3. Select Profile and Path: Choose the profile and the path in the extrusion tool.
4. Execute: Apply the extrusion operation to generate the long, continuous shape of the
window frame.
Surfaces by skinning operation
Skinning, also known as lofting in some CAD software, is a technique used to create surfaces
by blending multiple 2D profiles or cross-sections. This method is particularly useful for
generating smooth, organic shapes and is widely used in various industries. Here's a detailed
look at how the skinning operation works:
How Skinning Works
1. Create 2D Profiles:
o Begin by sketching multiple 2D profiles or cross-sections on different planes.
These profiles define the shape of the surface at various points.
2. Select the Profiles:
o In your CAD software, select the profiles you want to use for the skinning
operation. The profiles should be ordered in the sequence they are to be
blended.
3. Define the Skinning Path (Optional):
o Optionally, you can create or select a guide path to control the shape of the
surface. This path can be a straight line, curve, or any complex trajectory.
4. Execute the Skinning Operation:
o Apply the skinning operation to create the surface by smoothly blending the
selected profiles along the specified path.

12. Page 12 of 29

Types of Skinning
1. Profile-to-Profile Skinning:
o Blends multiple profiles to create a smooth transition from one shape to
another.
2. Skinning with Guide Curves:
o Uses additional guide curves to control the shape and direction of the surface,
providing more control over the final geometry.
3. Closed Skinning:
o Creates a closed, seamless surface by blending profiles in a circular or looped
manner.
Applications of Skinning
• Automotive Design: Creating smooth, aerodynamic surfaces for car bodies and
components.
• Aerospace: Designing fuselages, wings, and other aerodynamic shapes.
• Industrial Design: Generating complex shapes for consumer products, such as
appliances and ergonomic tools.
• Architectural Design: Creating freeform and organic structures for buildings and other
architectural elements.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to create a streamlined car hood:
1. Create Profiles: Draw multiple cross-sectional profiles of the car hood at different
positions on separate planes.
2. Select Profiles: Choose the profiles in the skinning tool.
3. Optionally Define Path: Create a guide curve if needed to control the shape of the
hood.
4. Execute: Apply the skinning operation to generate the smooth, continuous surface of
the car hood.
Assembly
Assembly modeling is a crucial part of CAD that involves combining multiple individual parts
into a final product. This technique ensures that all components fit together correctly and
function as intended. Let's delve into the key aspects of assembly modeling:
Key Aspects of Assembly Modeling
1. Creating Individual Parts:
o Start by designing each component or part of the assembly separately. These
parts can be created using various modeling techniques like extrude, revolve,
sweep, and loft.
2. Defining Mates and Constraints:
o To assemble parts together, define mates and constraints that specify how
parts are positioned relative to each other. Common types of mates include:
▪ Coincident Mate: Aligns two surfaces or edges.

13. Page 13 of 29

▪ Concentric Mate: Aligns two circular edges or faces along a common
axis.
▪ Distance Mate: Sets a specific distance between two parts.
▪ Angle Mate: Specifies an angle between two parts.
3. Checking for Interferences:
o Use interference detection tools to ensure that parts do not overlap or
interfere with each other when assembled.
4. Exploded Views:
o Create exploded views to visualize the assembly process, showing how
individual parts fit together. This is especially useful for creating assembly
instructions and manuals.
5. Motion Simulation:
o Simulate the movement of assembled parts to ensure they function as
intended. This is particularly important for mechanical assemblies with moving
components.
6. Bill of Materials (BOM):
o Generate a Bill of Materials listing all the components used in the assembly,
along with quantities and other relevant information. This is essential for
manufacturing and procurement.
Applications of Assembly Modeling
• Mechanical Design: Designing complex machines, engines, and devices with multiple
interconnected parts.
• Product Design: Creating consumer products with various components, such as
electronics, appliances, and toys.
• Aerospace and Automotive: Developing aircraft, vehicles, and their subsystems with
numerous parts and assemblies.
• Manufacturing: Planning and visualizing the assembly process for manufacturing
products efficiently.
Example in Practice
Imagine you want to assemble a simple mechanical device with three parts: a base, a rotating
shaft, and a cover.
1. Create Individual Parts: Design the base, shaft, and cover as separate parts.
2. Define Mates and Constraints:
o Mate the base and the shaft using a concentric mate to align their circular
edges.
o Mate the cover to the base using a coincident mate to align their surfaces.
3. Check for Interferences: Use interference detection to ensure all parts fit together
without overlapping.
4. Exploded View: Create an exploded view to show how the parts are assembled.
5. Motion Simulation: Simulate the rotation of the shaft within the assembly to ensure
proper functioning.

14. Page 14 of 29

Constraints
In CAD and assembly modeling, constraints are essential tools that define and control the
relationships between different parts or features. They ensure that parts fit together
correctly, maintain their intended positions, and function as expected. Here are some
common types of constraints used in CAD:
Types of Constraints
1. Geometric Constraints:
o Coincident: Ensures that two points or a point and a line/edge are at the same
location.
o Parallel: Keeps two lines or edges parallel to each other.
o Perpendicular: Ensures that two lines or edges are at a 90-degree angle to each
other.
o Horizontal/Vertical: Constrains a line or edge to be horizontal or vertical.
o Tangent: Ensures that a line, arc, or curve is tangent to another curve or line.
o Concentric: Keeps two arcs, circles, or ellipses to share the same center point.
o Symmetric: Constrains two points or features to be symmetrical about a
centerline or plane.
2. Dimensional Constraints:
o Distance: Sets a specific distance between two points, lines, or edges.
o Angle: Defines the angle between two lines or edges.
o Radius/Diameter: Sets the radius or diameter of an arc or circle.
o Length: Specifies the length of a line or edge.
3. Assembly Constraints:
o Mate: Aligns two surfaces or faces to be coincident.
o Flush: Ensures two surfaces or faces are parallel and flush with each other.
o Insert: Constrains a cylindrical part into a hole or another cylindrical part.
o Align: Ensures that two components are aligned along a specific direction or
axis.
o Lock: Fixes the position and orientation of a part within an assembly.
Applications of Constraints
• Maintaining Design Intent: Constraints help maintain the intended relationships and
behaviors of parts and features throughout the design process.
• Ensuring Fit and Function: Proper constraints ensure that all components fit together
correctly and function as intended.
• Facilitating Modifications: Constraints make it easier to modify designs by
automatically updating related parts and features.
• Simulation and Analysis: Constraints are used in motion simulations and finite
element analysis (FEA) to accurately represent real-world conditions.

15. Page 15 of 29

Exploded Views
An exploded view is a powerful feature in CAD that visually illustrates how individual
components of an assembly fit together. It shows each part separated but positioned to
demonstrate their relationship within the assembly. This technique is particularly useful for
creating assembly instructions, maintenance manuals, and presentations. Let's explore how
exploded views are created and their applications:
Steps to Create an Exploded View
1. Assemble the Parts:
o Start with the fully assembled model, ensuring all parts are correctly mated
and constrained.
2. Select the Explode Tool:
o In your CAD software, select the explode tool or explode feature to begin
creating the exploded view.
3. Move Components:
o Select individual parts or sub-assemblies and move them along a specified axis
or direction to separate them from the rest of the assembly.
o Maintain a logical sequence that clearly shows how the parts are related and
fit together.
4. Adjust Explode Distances:
o Fine-tune the distances and directions to ensure the exploded view is clear and
easy to understand.
5. Add Explode Lines (Optional):
o Add explode lines (also known as trail lines) to visually connect parts back to
their original positions in the assembly. This helps clarify the relationships
between components.
6. Save and Document:
o Save the exploded view as part of your CAD model. You can also create detailed
drawings or illustrations from the exploded view for documentation purposes.
Applications of Exploded Views
• Assembly Instructions: Provide clear visual guides for assembling products, making it
easier for users or technicians to follow.
• Maintenance Manuals: Show how parts are disassembled for maintenance, repair, or
replacement.
• Presentations: Use exploded views to visually communicate the complexity and
design of a product during presentations and reviews.
• Manufacturing: Help manufacturers understand the assembly process and ensure all
parts are accounted for.

16. Page 16 of 29

Interference check
Interference check is a crucial operation in CAD assembly modeling that helps identify and
resolve issues where parts overlap or collide within an assembly. This ensures that all
components fit together correctly and function as intended without physical conflicts. Let's
delve into the details of how interference checks work:
How Interference Check Works
1. Assemble the Model:
o Ensure that all parts of the assembly are correctly mated and positioned in
their intended locations.
2. Select Interference Check Tool:
o In your CAD software, select the interference check tool or feature. This tool is
often found in the assembly analysis or validation section.
3. Run the Interference Check:
o Execute the interference check by analyzing the entire assembly or specific
parts within the assembly.
o The software will calculate and identify any regions where parts overlap or
interfere with each other.
4. Review Results:
o The interference check will provide a report highlighting the areas of
interference. It may include visual indicators such as color-coding or graphical
representations of the overlapping regions.
5. Resolve Interferences:
o Address the identified interferences by modifying the design, adjusting part
positions, or changing constraints and mates.
o Re-run the interference check to ensure all issues are resolved.
Applications of Interference Check
• Mechanical Assemblies: Ensure moving parts do not collide and that all components
fit together without conflicts.
• Product Design: Verify that all parts of a product, such as electronics or appliances, fit
within the specified space and do not interfere with each other.
• Aerospace and Automotive: Identify potential issues in complex assemblies like
engines, aircraft components, and vehicle systems.
• Manufacturing: Prevent assembly line issues by ensuring all parts are correctly
designed and fit together without requiring modifications.

17. Page 17 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 1
AIM
To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Piston using modelling software.
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
given part mainly the following feature creation tools are used.
a. EXTRUSION
b. EXTRUDE CUT
c. REVOLVE
d. FILLET
4. Save the file

18. Page 18 of 29





RESULT
Hence the part model of Crankshaft Piston is created based on standard
dimensions with SolidWorks Modelling Software.

19. Page 19 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 2
AIM
To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Connecting Rod using modelling
software
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
given part. mainly the following feature creation tools are used.
a. EXTRUSION
b. EXTRUDE CUT
c. MIRROR
d. CHAMFER
e. FILLET
4. Save the file

20. Page 20 of 29





RESULT
Hence the part model of Crankshaft Connecting Rod is created based on standard
dimensions with SolidWorks Modelling Software.

21. Page 21 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 3
AIM
To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Web using modelling software
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
given part. mainly the following feature creation tools are used.
a. EXTRUSION
b. EXTRUDE CUT
c. REVOLVE
d. FILLET
4. Save the file

22. Page 22 of 29




RESULT
Hence the part model of Crankshaft Web is created based on standard dimensions
with SolidWorks Modelling Software.

23. Page 23 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 4
AIM
To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Crankpin using modelling software.
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
given part mainly the following feature creation tools are used.
a. EXTRUSION
b. REVOLVE
c. CHAMFER
4. Save the file

24. Page 24 of 29



RESULT
Hence the part model of Crankshaft Crankpin is created based on standard
dimensions with SolidWorks Modelling Software.

25. Page 25 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 5
AIM
To Create a part model of a Crankshaft Piston Pin using modelling
software.
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
given part mainly the following feature creation tools are used.
a. EXTRUSION
b. REVOLVE
c. CHAMFER
4. Save the file

26. Page 26 of 29



RESULT
Hence the part model of Crankshaft Piston Pin is created based on standard
dimensions with SolidWorks Modelling Software.

27. Page 27 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 6
AIM
To Create a part model of a Piston Ring using modelling software.
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
given part mainly the following feature creation tools are used.
a. EXTRUSION
b. REVOLVE
c. CHAMFER
4. Save the file

28. Page 28 of 29




RESULT
Hence the part model of Piston Ring is created based on standard dimensions with
SolidWorks Modelling Software.

29. Page 29 of 29

EXERCISE NO. 7
AIM
To Create a Crankshaft assembly using modelling software.
SOFTWARE USED
SOLIDWORKS 2023
PROCEDURE
1. Create a working directory.
2. Take a new file from the standard tool bar and PART module was chosen.
3. Using the appropriate feature creation tools in the part module, model the
required parts.
4. Take the new menu from the standard tool bar and chose ASSEMBLY
Module.
5. Add a component (PART) and make it as datum.
6. Open all other parts one by one and give the suitable constrains and
connections required for the assembly using different tools in the assembly
module.
7. Save the file

RESULT:
Hence a Crankshaft assembly is created based on standard dimensions with
SolidWorks Modelling Software.