CAED Solution Book a CAED Lab Manual MUSE

Orthographic Projections of Points, Lines and Planes; Orthographic Projection of Solids; Isometric Projections; Development of Lateral Surfaces; Multidisciplinary Drawing Applications & Practice

1. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
1
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore








Solution Book
for

Computer Aided Engineering Drawing

(BCED105 / 205)

Name of the Student
Register Number
Semester
Branch
Section

2. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
2
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


Computer Aided Engineering Drawing Semester I / II
Course Code BCED105/205 CIE Marks 50
Teaching Hours/Week (L:T:P:S) 2-0-2-0 SEE Marks 50
Total Hours of Pedagogy 40 Total Marks 100
Credits 3 Exam Hours 3
Examination nature (SEE) Practical
Course Objectives:
• To enable students to draw precise shapes and dimensions using CAD software.
• To impart knowledge of engineering drawing through first angle projection using points and lines.
• To train students in creating orthographic projections of solids in various spatial orientations.
• To develop the ability to generate surface and lateral developments of 3D objects.
• To equip students with skills to interpret isometric views and convert them into orthographic projections.
Module-1
Introduction: for CIE only
Significance of Engineering drawing, BIS Conventions of Engineering Drawing, Free hand sketching of
engineering drawing, Scales. Introduction to Computer Aided Drafting software, Co-ordinate system and reference
planes HP, VP, RPP & LPP of 2D/3D environment. Selection of drawing sheet size and scale. Commands and
creation of Lines, coordinate points, axes, polylines, square, rectangle, polygons, splines, circles, ellipse, text, move,
copy, off-set, mirror, rotate, trim, extend, break, chamfer, fillet and curves (The above topic shall not be asked for
SEE).
Orthographic Projections of Points, Lines and Planes:
Introduction to Orthographic projections: Orthographic projections of points in 1st and 3rd quadrants.
Orthographic projections of lines (Placed in First quadrant only).
Orthographic projections of planes viz triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon, and circular laminae (Placed
in First quadrant only using change of position method).
Application on projections of Lines & Planes (For CIE only).
Module-2
Orthographic Projection of Solids: Orthographic projection of right regular solids using First Angle Projections
only: Prisms & Pyramids (triangle, square, rectangle, pentagon, hexagon), Cylinders, Cones, Cubes, Hexahedron
and Tetrahedron.
Projections of Frustum of cone and pyramids (For practice only, not for CIE and SEE).
Module-3
Isometric Projections:
Isometric scale, Isometric projection of hexahedron (cube), right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, cones.
Isometric projection of combination of two simple solids.
Conversion of simple isometric drawings into orthographic views: Problems on applications of Isometric
projections of simple objects / engineering components
Module-4
Development of Regular Surfaces:
Development of lateral surfaces of right regular prisms, pyramids, cylinders, and cones resting on HP only.
Development of Lateral Surfaces of their frustums and truncations.
Problems on applications of development of lateral surfaces like funnels and trays.
Module-5
Multidisciplinary Applications & Practice (For CIE Only):
Free hand Sketching; True free hand, Guided Free hand, Roads, Buildings, Utensils, Hand tools & Furniture’s etc
Drawing Simple Mechanisms; Bicycles, Tricycles, Gear trains, Ratchets, two-wheeler cart & Four-wheeler carts
to dimensions etc.
Electric Wiring and lighting diagrams; Like, Automatic fire alarm, Call bell system, UPS system, Basic power
distribution system using suitable software
Basic Building Drawing; Like, Architectural floor plan, basic foundation drawing, steel structures- Frames,
bridges, trusses using Auto CAD or suitable software,
Electronics Engineering Drawings- Like, Simple Electronics Circuit Drawings, practice on layers concept.
Graphs & Charts: Like, Column chart, Pie chart, Line charts, Gantt charts, etc. using Microsoft Excel or any
suitable software.

3. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
3
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


• At least one Test covering all the modules is to be conducted for 100 marks and evaluation to be based SEE pattern,
and the same is to be scaled down to 20Marks.
• The final CIE = Class work marks (30) + Test marks (20) = 50 Marks
Semester End Examination (SEE):
• SEE shall be conducted and evaluated for maximum marks of 100. Marks obtained shall be accounted for SEE final
marks, will be scale-down to 50 marks.
• Question paper shall be set jointly by both Internal and External Examiner, and made available for each batch as
per schedule. Questions are to be set preferably from Text Books.
• Evaluation shall be carried jointly by both the examiners.
• Scheme of Evaluation: To be defined by the examiners jointly and the same shall be submitted to the university
along with question paper.
• In Module-1, the choice between points and lines & Planes, and similarly, the choice between the Module-3 and
Module-4. However, there is no choice for the Module-2. One full question shall be set from each of the Module from
Modules 1,2,3 and 4 as per the below tabled weightage details.

However, the student may be awarded full marks, if he/she completes solution on computer display without sketch


Suggested Learning Resources:
Text Books
1. K. R. Gopalakrishna, & Sudhir Gopalakrishna: Textbook of Computer Aided Engineering Drawing,
39thEdition, Subash Stores, Bangalore,2017
2. Engineering Drawing: by N.D. Bhatt, 53rd edition, Charotar Publishing House Pvt. Limited, 2019.
Reference Books:
1. Computer Aided Engineering Drawing (Revised 3rd Edition) by S. Trymbaka Murthy, I.K. International
Publishing House
2. K. Venugopal & V. Prabhu Raja – Engineering Graphics (As per Anna University), New Age International.
3. Question Bank with solutions on Computer Aided Engineering Drawing for I/II semester, VTU, Belgaum.
4. Dr. Nithin S K: Engineering Graphics, 1st Edition, Archers and Elevators Publishing House, Bengaluru, 2020

4. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
1
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



Module 01 Contents

I. Significance of Engineering drawing,
II. BIS Conventions of Engineering Drawing,
III. Types of Lines
IV. Layout of Drawing Sheet
V. Title Block
VI. Scales.
VII. Instruments required for Manual Drawings

Solved Problems on Orthographic Projections of Points, Lines and Planes:
A. Orthographic projections of points in 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
and 4
th
quadrants.
B. Orthographic projections of lines (Placed in First quadrant only).
C. Orthographic projections of planes

5. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
2
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


I. Significance of Engineering drawing
“Engineering Drawing is the Communication Language for Engineers”
In essence, engineering drawing is the backbone of all engineering activities, bridging the gap between
conceptual ideas and physical reality. Without it, modern engineering design and production would not be
possible.
Engineering drawing is a universal language of engineers and technicians that visually communicates how
things work or how they are constructed. Its significance is foundational in every branch of engineering for
the following key reasons:

1. Clear Communication
Engineering drawings provide a precise and standardized way to convey design intent, size, shape, and
functionality of a component or system. Unlike verbal or written descriptions, they leave little room for
misinterpretation.
2. Design Visualization
Drawings help engineers and stakeholders visualize components and assemblies before production, enabling
better understanding and informed decisions in the design phase.
3. Manufacturing Guide
They serve as detailed blueprints for manufacturing, providing exact dimensions, tolerances, materials, and
processes needed to fabricate parts correctly.
4. Quality Control and Inspection
Drawings provide the standard against which manufactured parts are measured. Inspectors use them to ensure
products meet the required specifications.
5. Documentation and Record Keeping
Engineering drawings act as permanent records of design. They are critical for maintenance, future upgrades,
or part replacements.
6. Standardization
By following drawing standards (like ISO, ASME, or BIS), engineering drawings ensure consistency across
industries and geographic locations, aiding collaboration and mass production.
7. Problem Solving and Analysis
Detailed drawings allow engineers to analyze designs for potential issues (e.g., interference, stress points) and
make improvements before any physical production begins.
8. Training and Education
They are an essential part of engineering education, helping students understand real-world applications of
geometry, mechanics, and design.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore

II. BIS Conventions of Engineering Drawing,

III. Types of Lines

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


IV. Layout of Drawing Sheet

V. Title Block

VI. Scales.
In engineering drawing, scale refers to the ratio of the size of the drawing to the actual size of the object.
Since real objects can be too large (like a bridge) or too small (like a watch gear) to represent at full size on
paper, a scaled representation is used to make them practical and readable.
Importance of Scale:
1. Convenient Representation – Makes it possible to draw very large or small objects on standard-
sized drawing sheets.
2. Accuracy – Maintains the correct proportions between features.
3. Standardization – Enables professionals to interpret and reproduce the drawings anywhere in the
world.
4. Efficient Communication – Helps manufacturers, inspectors, and engineers to clearly understand
dimensions.

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8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


Types of Scales:
Engineering drawing uses mainly three types of scales:
1. Full Scale (1:1)
• The size of the drawing is equal to the actual size of the object.
• Example: A small machine part drawn at 1:1.
2. Reduced Scale (e.g., 1:2, 1:10, 1:100)
• The object is drawn smaller than its actual size.
• Used for large objects like buildings, bridges, or ships.
• Example: A building plan drawn at 1:50.
3. Enlarged Scale (e.g., 2:1, 5:1, 10:1)
• The object is drawn larger than its actual size.
• Used for very small components like electronic parts, watch gears.
• Example: A microchip layout at 10:1 scale.
Designation of Scales (as per BIS/ISO Standards):
The scale must be mentioned on the drawing sheet, usually in the title block. It is written as:
SCALE: 1:1 (Full Size)
SCALE: 1:2 (Reduced)
SCALE: 2:1 (Enlarged)

VII. Instruments required for Manual Drawings
The specific list of instruments required for manual sketching in engineering drawing are as follows:
a) CAD Sketch Book
b) 3 types of Pencils Grades:
a. 2H: Used for construction thin, light lines.
b. HB: Medium—used for general drawing.
c. 2B: Soft—used for dark, final lines and borders.
c) Plastic Scale (Ruler) (12 inch only)
d) Protractor (0° to 180°).
e) Compass
f) Dust free Eraser (Rubber)
g) Sharpener or Sandpaper Block

[Note: The significance in Good Engineering Drawing is PATIENCE, not based on Instruments]

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


A. Orthographic projections of points in 1
st
, 2
nd
, 3
rd
and 4
th
quadrants.
1. A point P is 30 mm Infront of VP, 40 mm above HP and 50 mm from RPP. Draw its projections.

2. A point P is 45 mm above HP, 60 mm behind VP and 30 mm from RPP. Draw the three principles
view of the point. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.

3. A point is 35 mm below HP, 20 mm behind VP and 25 mm from RPP. Draw its projections and name
the side view.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


4. Draw all the three views of a point P lying 60 mm below HP,70 mm Infront of VP and 40 mm from
RPP. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.

5. Point A is 20 mm above HP and in the 1st quadrant. Its shortest distances from the XY line is 40 mm.
Draw the projections determine its distance from VP.

6. Draw the projections of a point A lying 30 mm above HP and in first quadrant. If its shortest distance
from the line of intersection of HP and VP is 50 mm. Also find the distance of the point from VP.

11. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



7. A point G is 25 mm below HP and is situated in the third quadrant. Its shortest distance from the
intersection of XY and X1Y1 is 45 mm. Draw its projection and find its distance from VP.


8. A point A is 40 mm Infront of VP and is situated in the fourth quadrant. Its shortest distance from the
intersection of XY and X1Y1, is 45 mm. Draw its projections. Also find distance from VP.


9. Draw and state the quadrants in which the following points are located. Assume any distances.
A - front view below XY line and Top view above XY line
B - Front and Top views below XY line.
C - Front and Top views are above XY line.
D - Front view above XY line and Top view below XY line.

12. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



10. Draw the projections of the following points on the same XY line, keeping convenient distance
between each projector. Name the quadrants in which they lie.
E - 30 mm below HP and 25 mm behind VP.
F - 35 mm below HP and 30 mm Infront of VP.
G - on HP and 30 mm Infront of VP.
H - on HP and 35 mm behind VP.

13. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


Practice problems on projections of points,
1. First Quadrant
Problem 1: A point P is 25 mm above the HP and 35 mm in front of the VP. Draw the front view and
top view of the point.
Problem 2: A point Q is situated 40 mm above HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections

2. Second Quadrant
Problem 3: A point R is 30 mm above the HP and 45 mm behind the VP. Draw the projections.
Problem 4: A point S lies 50 mm above HP and 25 mm behind VP. Sketch its projections using first angle
projection conventions.

3. Third Quadrant
Problem 5: A point T is 20 mm below the HP and 30 mm behind the VP. Draw the front and top views,
showing correct positioning.
Problem 6: A point U is 60 mm below HP and 10 mm behind VP. Represent the projections using
appropriate notations.

4. Fourth Quadrant
Problem 7: A point V is 15 mm below the HP and 35 mm in front of the VP. Draw its projections
Problem 8: A point W is located 25 mm below HP and 20 mm in front of VP. Draw its projections

Mixed Practice / Conceptual
Problem 9: A point M lies 50 mm from both HP and VP. Consider and sketch projections of M when it
is in:
(a) 1st quadrant
(b) 2nd quadrant
(c) 3rd quadrant
(d) 4th quadrant

Problem 10: Four points A, B, C, and D are placed in 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th quadrants respectively. Their
distances from HP and VP are:
A: 30 mm above HP, 40 mm in front of VP
B: 20 mm above HP, 50 mm behind VP
C: 25 mm below HP, 45 mm behind VP
D: 15 mm below HP, 60 mm in front of VP

14. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


B. Orthographic projections of lines (Placed in First quadrant only).

1. Draw the three views of a line 70mm long when it is parallel to both HP and VP. The line is 20mm in
front of VP and 30mm above HP.



2. Draw the three views of a line 80mm long is perpendicular to VP and parallel to HP. The end nearer
to VP is 20mm above HP and 25mm in front of VP.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



3. Draw the projections of a line 80mm long placed parallel to VP, perpendicular to HP. The line is 70mm
in front of VP and 60mm in front of right PP. the lower end of the line is 30mm above HP.


4. A line AB 80 mm long is inclined at 30° to HP and parallel to VP. The line is 90 mm in front of VP.
The lower end A is 35 mm above HP, 110 mm in front of the right PP and is away from it than the
higher end. Draw the three principal views of the line.

16. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


5. The front view of a 75 mm long line measures 55 mm. The line is parallel to the H.P. and one of its
ends is in the V.P. and 25 mm above the H.P. Draw the projections of the line and determine its
inclination with the V.P.


6. A line AB 80 mm long has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm Infront of VP. It is inclined at 30
deg. to HP and 45 deg. to VP. Draw the projections of the line and find apparent lengths and apparent
inclinations.

17. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


7. Draw the projections of a line AB 100 mm long inclined at 45 deg. to VP and 30 deg. to HP. One end
of the line is 20 mm above HP and in VP. Determine apparent lengths and inclinations.

8. A line AB 100 mm long is inclined to HP at 45 deg. and inclined to VP at 30 deg. Draw front and top
views of line and determine their lengths. Also determine the perpendicular distance of end B from
both HP and VP.

18. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



9. A line AB 65 mm long, has its end A 20 mm above HP and 25 mm in front of VP. The end B is 40
mm above HP and 65 mm in front of VP. Draw the projections of AB and show its inclination with
HP and VP.

10. A straight-line PQ, 65 mm long, is inclined at 45 deg. to HP and 30 deg. to VP. The point P is 70 mm
from both the reference planes and point Q is towards the reference planes. Draw the projections.

19. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore

Practice problems on projections of points,
In First Quadrant only
1. A line AB measuring 70 mm has its end A 15 mm in front of VP and 20 mm above HP and the other end
B 60 mm in front of VP and 50 mm above HP. Draw the projections of the line and find the inclinations
of the line with the both the reference planes of projection.

2. A line AB has its end A 20 mm above HP and 30 mm in front of VP. The other end B is 60 mm above HP
and 45 mm in front of VP. The distance between end projectors is 70 mm. Draw its projections. Determine
the true length and apparent inclinations.

3. A line PQ 85 mm long has its end P 10 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. The top view and front
view of line PQ are 75 mm and 80 mm respectively. Draw its projections. Also determine the true and
apparent inclinations of the line.

4. A line AB 80 mm long is inclined at 30° to HP and 45° to VP. Its end A is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm
in front of VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its apparent lengths and inclinations with the
reference line.

5. A line PQ 100 mm long is inclined at 60° to HP and 30° to VP. The end P is 15 mm above HP and 35 mm
in front of VP. Draw the projections and determine the projections’ lengths.

6. A line CD is 90 mm long and is inclined at 40° to HP and 50° to VP. The end C is 30 mm above HP and
20 mm in front of VP. Draw the front and top views of the line and measure the apparent angles.

7. A line EF 75 mm long is inclined at 50° to HP and 35° to VP. The end E is 25 mm above HP and 40 mm
in front of VP. Draw its projections and find the angles it makes with HP and VP.

8. A line GH 60 mm long is inclined at 25° to HP and 65° to VP. The end G is 10 mm above HP and 20 mm
in front of VP. Draw its projections and determine the location of H.

9. A line IJ 70 mm long has its end I 35 mm above HP and 15 mm in front of VP. It is inclined at 55° to HP
and 45° to VP. Draw the projections and find the apparent lengths.

10. A line KL 85 mm long is inclined at 30° to HP and 60° to VP. Its end K is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm
in front of VP. Draw the front and top views.

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C. Orthographic projections of planes
1. An equilateral triangular lamina of 25 mm sides lies with one of its edges on HP such that the surface
of the lamina is inclined to HP at 60 deg. The edge on which it rests is inclined to VP at 60 deg. Draw
its projections.

2. A Triangular plane figure of sides 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners, such that the surface
of the lamina makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. If the side opposite to the corner on which the lamina
rests make an angle of 30 deg. with VP. Draw the top and front views in this position.

3. An equilateral triangular lamina of 25 mm sides lies on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 45
deg. with HP and one of its medians is inclined at 40 deg. to VP. Draw the projections.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


4. A square lamina of 40 mm side rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 30 deg to HP and the
side on which it rests makes 45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

5. A square plate of 30 mm sides rests on HP such that one of the diagonals is inclined at 30 deg. to HP and
45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

6. A square lamina ABCD of 40 mm side rests on corner C such that diagonal AC appears to be at 45 deg.
to VP. The two sides BC and CD containing that corner C make equal inclination with HP. The surface of
the lamina makes 30 deg. with HP. Draw its top and front views.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


7. Pentagonal lamina of edges 25 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners such that the plane surface
makes an angle of 60 deg. with HP. The two of the edges containing the corner on which the lamina rests
make equal inclinations with HP. When the edge opposite to the corner makes an angle of 45 deg with VP
and nearer to the observer. Draw the top and front views of the plane lamina in this position.

8. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such that the surface
makes an angle 30 deg. with HP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corner on
which the lamina rests appear to be inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.

9. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on HP such that the perpendicular
bisector of the edge passing through the corners on which the lamina rests is inclined at 30 deg. to HP and
45 deg. to VP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


10. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its sides on HP. The lamina makes 45 deg. to HP and
side on which it rests makes 30 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.

11. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The lamina makes 45 deg. to HP
and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw its
projections.

12. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its corners on HP. The lamina makes 45 deg. to HP
and the diagonal passing through the corner on which it rests appears to be inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw
its projections.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


13. Draw the projections of a circular plate of negligible thickness of 50 mm diameter resting on HP on a point
A on the circumference, with its plane inclined at 45 deg. to HP and the top view of the diameter passing
through the resting point makes 60 deg. with VP.

14. A circular lamina of 50 mm diameter is standing with one of its points on the rim on HP and the lamina
inclined at 45 deg. to HP. The diameter at right angle to the diameter which is passing through the point
on which the lamina rests is parallel to VP. Draw its projections.

15. A circular lamina inclined to the VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis 30mm & minor
axis 15 mm. The major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of the minor axis is in both the HP
and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and determine the inclination of the lamina with the VP.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


Practice problems on projections of Planes
In First Quadrant only
1. A triangular lamina of 25 mm sides rests on one of its corners on VP such that the median passing through
the corner on which it rests is inclined at 30 deg. to HP and 45 deg. to VP. Draw its projections.
2. A circular lamina of 30 mm diameter rests on VP such that one of its diameters is inclined at 30 deg. to
VP and 45 deg. to HP. Draw its top and front views in this position.
3. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that the surface
makes an angle of 30 deg. with VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corner on
which the lamina rests appear to be inclined at 30 deg. to HP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.
4. A pentagonal lamina having edges 25 mm is placed on one of its corners on VP such that the surface
makes an angle 30 deg. with VP and perpendicular bisector of the edge passing through the corner on
which the lamina rests is inclined at 45 deg. to HP. Draw the top and front views of the lamina.
5. A hexagonal lamina of sides 30 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners in VP and its surface inclined
at an angle of 30 deg. with VP. The diagonal passing through that corner which is in VP is inclined at an
angle 45 deg. to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
6. A hexagonal lamina of sides 30 mm is resting on HP with one of its corners in VP and its surface inclined
at an angle of 30 deg. with VP. The diagonal passing through that corner which is in VP is inclined at an
angle 40 deg. to HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.
7. A hexagonal lamina of sides 25 mm rests on one of its sides on VP. The side opposite to the side on which
it rests is 30 mm in-front of VP and the side on which it rests makes 45 deg. to HP. Draw its projections.
Also determine the inclination of the lamina with the reference plane.
8. A rectangular lamina of 35 mm X 20 mm rests on HP one of its shorter edges. The lamina is rotated about
the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top view. The edge on which the lamina rests is
inclined at 30 deg. to VP. Draw its projections and find its inclination to HP.
9. A rectangular lamina of 35 X 20 mm rests on HP on one of its shorter edges. The lamina is rotated about
the edge on which it rests till it appears as a square in the top view. The edge on which the lamina rests
being parallel to both HP and VP. Draw its projections and find its inclinations to HP and VP.
10. A regular hexagonal lamina of 30 mm sides lying in such a way that one of its sides touches both the
reference planes. If the lamina makes 60 deg. with HP. Draw the projections of the lamina.

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Module 02 Contents

Orthographic Projection of Solids:
Orthographic projection of right regular solids using First Angle Projections only
i) Prisms
a) Triangular Prisms

b) Square Prisms

c) Pentagon Prisms

d) Hexagon Prisms

e) Cylinders

ii) Pyramids

a) Square Pyramids

b) Pentagon Pyramids

c) Hexagon Pyramids

d) Cones

iii) Cubes / Hexahedron

iv) Tetrahedron

v) Slant Edge resting

vi) Slant Triangular face resting

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Orthographic Projection of Solid Prisms

Prisms: A prism has certain properties:
✓ A prism is a type of solid (3D object) that has a polygon as a base.
✓ The top face of a prism is exactly the same as the base of the prism.
✓ The top face of a prism is parallel to the base of the prism.
✓ The side faces of a prism are rectangles that are perpendicular to the base.






a) Triangular Prisms
1) An equilateral triangular prism 20 mm side of base and 50 mm long rests with one of its shorter edges on
HP such that the rectangular face containing the edge on which the prism rests is inclined at 30
0
to
HP. The edge on which prism rests is inclined at 60
0
to VP. Draw its projections.

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1) An equilateral triangular prism 20 mm side of base and 50 mm long rests with one of its shorter edges on HP such
that the axis is inclined at 30
0
to HP 40
0
to VP. Draw its projections.

2) An equilateral triangular prism 20 mm side of base and 50 mm long rests with one of its corners on HP
such that the axis is inclined at 30
0
to HP and appears to be inclined 45
0
to VP. Draw its projections.

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b) Square Prisms
3) A square prism 35mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base
which is inclined to VP at 30° deg. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at
45° deg.

4) A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its comers of the base
such that the two base edges containing the comer on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw
the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40° deg and appears to be
inclined to VP at 45° deg.

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5) A square prism 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the such
that the two base edges containing the comer on which it rests make equal inclinations with HR Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40° and to VP at 30°.

c) Pentagon Prisms
6) A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the
base which is inclined to VP at 30° Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at
40°.

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7) A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the
base. Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 40° and VP at 30°

8) A pentagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its comers of the
base such that the two base edges containing the comer on which it rests make equal inclinations with HP.
Draw the projections of the prism when the axis of the prism is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°.

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d) Hexagon Prisms
9) A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges. Draw the
projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45° and appears to be inclined to VP 40°.

10) A hexagonal prism 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base.
Draw the projections of the prism when the axis is inclined to HP at 45° and VP at 30°

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e) Cylinders
11) A cylinder of 40 mm diameter and axis height 65 mm rests with its points of the circumference on HP so
that the axis is inclined at 45° to the HP and appears to be inclined 40° VP. Draw the top and front views.

12) A Cylinder of 50 mm diameter and axis height 60 mm rests with its points of the circumference on HP
such that the axis is inclined at 45° to the HP and perpendicular to VP. Draw the top and front views.

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Pyramids
A pyramid is an object that has a polygon as its base and sides that converge (meet each other) at one single
point. The sides are not perpendicular to the base.
The properties of a pyramid are:
✓ Total Faces are all sides and a base (A square-based pyramid has five faces.)
✓ The faces of a pyramid meet each other at an edge.
✓ The edges of a pyramid meet each other at a vertex.
✓ The edges of the triangles that form the side faces converge at a vertex called the apex.


a) Square Pyramids
13) A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 65 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the base
which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the protections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45°.

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14) A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base
such that the two base edges containing the corner which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be
inclined to VP at 45°


15) A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base
such that the two base edges containing the corner which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and 30° to VP.

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b) Pentagon Pyramids
16) A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the
base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP
at 40°.

17) A Pentagonal pyramid of 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base
such that the two base edges containing the corner which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to
VP at 45°

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18) A pentagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its edges of the
base. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45° and VP at 30°.

c) Hexagon Pyramids
19) A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its. edges of the
base which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP
at 45°.

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20) A Hexagonal pyramid of 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its corners of the base
such that the two base edges containing the corner which it rests make equal inclinations with HP. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis of the pyramid is inclined to HP at 40° and appears to be inclined to
VP at 45°

21) A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm sides of base and 50 mm axis length rests on one of its edges of the base.
Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis is inclined to HP at 45° and VP at 30°.

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d) Cones
22) A cone of 50 mm base diameter and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on its base rim in such a way that the
axis is inclined 40° to HP and appears to be inclined to VP at 45°.


23) A cone of 50 mm base diameter and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its generators. Draw its
projections when the axis is inclined to VP at 30°.

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e) Cubes / Hexahedron
24) A Hexahedron of 30 mm sides is resting on one of its corners on HP such that one of its solid diagonals is
perpendicular to VP. Draw the projections of the solid.

25) A cube of 40 mm sides rests on HP on an edge which is inclined to VP at 30°. Draw the projections when
the lateral square face containing the edge on which it rests makes an angle of 50° to HR

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f) Tetrahedron
26) A tetrahedron of 55 mm sides rests on one of its comers such that an edge containing that corner is inclined
to HP at 50° and VP at 30°. Draw its projections.

27) A tetrahedron of sides 40 mm is resting on one of its sides on HP. This side is parallel to VP and 40 mm
away from it. It is tilted about resting side such that the base containing this edge is inclined at 30° to HP.
Draw the projections of the solid.

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Slant Edge Resting
28) A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant edges. Draw
the projections of the pyramid when the axis appeals to be inclined to VP at 45°.

Slant Triangular face resting
29) A square pyramid 35 mm sides of base and 60 mm axis length rests on HP on one of its slant triangular
faces. Draw the projections of the pyramid when the axis appears to be inclined to VP at 45°

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Practice problems on projections of Solids

1) A square prism of base side 35 mm and axis length 60 mm rests on HP with one base edge on HP. The
base edge on which it rests is inclined at 30° to VP, and the axis is inclined at 45° to HP. Draw the
three views of the prism.
2) A right regular hexagonal pyramid with each base edge 25 mm and axis (height) 70 mm rests on HP
on one corner of its base. Two base edges containing that corner make equal inclinations of 30° to HP.
The axis appears to be inclined at 45° to VP. Draw its projections.
3) A cylinder of diameter 50 mm and height 80 mm rests on one of its generators on HP. The axis is
inclined at 40° to HP and appears inclined at 30° to VP. Draw the three views.
4) A square pyramid of base side 40 mm and height 65 mm rests on HP on one of its slant edges. The
axis is inclined to VP by 45°. Draw the projections.
5) A pentagonal prism of base side 30 mm and height 60 mm rests on HP on one of its base edges. That
resting edge is inclined at 35° to VP, and the axis is inclined at 30° to HP. Draw the projection of the
prism.
6) A right circular cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 80 mm rests on HP on one point of its base.
The cone is tilted such that one of its generators makes 40° with HP, and the axis appears to make 45°
with VP. Draw all three views.
7) A hexagonal prism with base edge 25 mm and axis 65 mm rests on HP on a base corner. Two base
edges containing that corner make equal inclinations with HP. The axis appears at 50° with VP. Draw
its projections.
8) A pyramid (square base) of base side 30 mm and height 55 mm rests with one of its slant faces on HP.
That slant face’s base edge is inclined at 40° to VP. The axis of the pyramid makes 45° with HP. Draw
front, top & side views.
9) A rectangular prism (say base 40 × 25 mm, height 70 mm) rests on HP on one of its base edges. That
edge is inclined at 35° to VP, and the axis is inclined at 40° to HP. Draw the projection. (30 Marks)
10) A pentagonal pyramid of base side 35 mm and height 65 mm rests on HP on one corner. The two base
edges containing that corner are made to incline at 30° to HP. The axis of the pyramid appears to make
45° with VP. Draw the three projection views.

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Module 3 Contents
Isometric Projections:
i) Isometric scale
ii) Isometric projection of Regular Prisms
a) Square Prisms
b) Hexahedron (cube)
c) Rectangular Prisms
d) Pentagon Prisms
e) Hexagon Prisms
iii) Isometric projection of Regular Pyramids,
a) Square Pyramids
b) Rectangular Pyramids
c) Pentagon Pyramids
d) Hexagon Pyramids
iv) Cylinders
v) Cones
vi) Isometric projection of combination of two simple solids.
vii) Conversion of simple isometric drawings into orthographic views

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i) Isometric scale
An isometric scale is used in isometric drawings to represent 3D objects on 2D paper, where dimensions
are not drawn in true scale but are equally foreshortened to simulate the 3D effect.
What Is an Isometric Drawing
• A type of axonometric projection (no perspective distortion).
• The object is rotated so all three axes (X, Y, and Z) are visible.
• Angles between the axes are all 120°.
• Common in engineering and technical drawings.

Why Use an Isometric Scale
In isometric drawing:
• The actual dimensions are foreshortened.
• A true-length measurement looks longer than it appears in an isometric view.
• Therefore, we need to convert true lengths to isometric lengths using the isometric scale.

Isometric Scale Factor
To draw an object in isometric view:
• True lengths are multiplied by approximately 0.816 (??????� ????????????�(????????????°)) to get isometric lengths.
So: Isometric Length = True Length × 0.816
This means: 100 mm true length becomes 81.6 mm in the isometric view.

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ii) Isometric projection of Regular Prisms
a) Square Prisms [without internal cut]



[with internal cut]

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b) Hexahedron (cube)


c) Rectangular Prisms

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d) Pentagon Prisms




e) Hexagon Prisms

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iii) Isometric projection of Regular Pyramids,
a) Square Pyramids


b) Rectangular Pyramids

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c) Pentagon Pyramids


d) Hexagon Pyramids

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iv) Cylinders


v) Cones

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vi) Isometric projection of combination of two simple solids.
1) Draw the Isometric projection for the Orthographic view as mentioned for two combined solids.


2) Draw the Isometric projection for the Orthographic view as mentioned for two combined solids.


3) Draw the Isometric projection for the Orthographic view as mentioned for the stepped solids.

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4) Draw the Isometric projection for the Orthographic view as mentioned for two combined solids.


5) Draw the Isometric projection for the Orthographic view as mentioned for solid structure.


6) Draw the Isometric projection for the Orthographic view as mentioned for solid structure.

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vii) Conversion of simple isometric drawings into orthographic views (dimensions may be changed while
practice)
a)

b)

c)

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d)

e)

f)

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Module 4 Contents
Development of Regular Surfaces:
i). Development of lateral surfaces of Prisms
a) Square Prisms
b) Rectangular Prisms
c) Pentagon Prisms
d) Hexagon Prisms
e) Cube or Hexahedron
ii). Development of lateral surfaces of Pyramids
a) Square Pyramids
b) Rectangular Pyramids
c) Pentagon Pyramids
d) Hexagon Pyramids
iii). Development of lateral surfaces of Cylinders
iv). Development of lateral surfaces of Cones
v). Problems on applications of development of lateral surfaces like funnels and trays.

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i). Development of lateral surfaces of Prisms
a) Square Prisms
1) A square prism of base side 40 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP such that one of its bases is
inclined 30° VP. It is cut by a cutting plane which is inclined at 30° to its axis and bisecting it. Draw the
development of the remaining portion of the prism.

2) A square prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base with all the vertical
faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60° to HP and perpendicular to VP and is
passing through a point on the axis at a distance 50 mm from the base. Draw the development of the lower
portion of the prism.

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3) A square prism of 30mm side of the base and height 50mm is resting with its base on HP such that one of
its vertical faces is inclined at 40° to VP. It is cut as shown in the following front view figure. Draw the
development of the lateral surface of the prism.

b) Rectangular Prisms
4) A rectangular prism of base 40 mm x 25 mm and height 65 mm rests on HP on its base with the longer
base side inclined at 30° to VR It is cut by a plane inclined at 40° to HP, perpendicular to VP cuts the axis
at Its mid height. Draw the development of the remaining portion of the prism,

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5) A rectangular prism of base 30 mm X 20 mm and height 60 mm rests on HP on its base with the longer
base side inclined at 40° to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to HP, perpendicular to VP and bisects
the axis. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the prism.

c) Pentagon Prisms
6) A regular pentagonal prism of height 60 mm and base edge 30 mm rests with its base on HP. The vertical
face closest to VP is 30° to it. Draw the development of the truncated prism with its truncated surface
inclined at 60° to its axis and bisecting it.

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7) A pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base and height 50 mm lies with its base on HP such that one of the
rectangular faces is inclined at 40° to VP. It is cut to the shape of a truncated pyramid with the truncated
surface inclined at 30° to the axis so as to pass through a point on it 30mm above the base. Develop the
truncated portion of the prism so as to produce a one-piece development.

8) A pentagonal prism of base sides 30 mm and axis length 60 mm rests with its base on HP and an edge of
the base inclined at 45° to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP, inclined at 40° to HP and passing
through a point on the axis, at a distance of 30 mm from the base. Develop the remaining surfaces of the
truncated prism.

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9) A pentagonal prism of base sides 20mm and height 40mm is resting with its base on HP and base edge
parallel to the VP. The prism is cut as shown in the following front view. Draw the development of the
lateral surface of the prism.



d) Hexagon Prisms

10) A hexagonal prism of base side 20mm and height 50mm is resting on HP on its bass, such mat one of its
base edges is parallel to VP. The prism is cut in this position as shown in me following front view Draw
the development of the lateral surface of the prism.

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11) A hexagonal prism of base side 25 mm and height 55 mm is resting on HP on its base, such that one of its
base edges is parallel to VP. The prism is cut in this position as shown in the following front view. Draw
the development of the lateral surface of the prism.




12) Draw the lateral development of surface of a hexagonal prism side of base 30 mm, resting at its base in
such a way that two of its rectangular faces are parallel to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane making an
angle of 45°with HP and passing through a point 15 mm below the top end of the axis. Take the length of
axis as 70 mm

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e) Cube or Hexahedron
13) A cube of side 40 mm is resting on HP with its base on HP such that one of its vertical faces is inclined at
30° to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VR inclined to HP at an angle 45° and passes
through the midpoint of the axis. Draw the development of the lower lateral surface of the cube.


14) A cube of side 40 mm is resting on HP with its base on HP such that one of its vertical faces is inclined at
30° to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VR inclined to HP and passes through the top
point of the axis and ends at extreme left corner of the base. Draw the development of the lower lateral
surface of the cube.

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vi). Development of lateral surfaces of Pyramids
a) Square Pyramids
15) A square prism of base side 35 mm rests with its base on HP and two faces equally inclined to VP. Draw
the development of the lateral surfaces of the retained portions of the cut prism shown by dam lines in the
Fig.

16) A square pyramid of side of base 45 mm, altitude 70 mm is resting with its base on HP with two sides of
the base parallel to VP The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is perpendicular to the VP and inclined
at 40° to the HP. The cutting plane bisects. the axis of the pyramid. Obtain the development of the lateral
surfaces me truncated pyramid.

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17) A square pyramid base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long has its base on HP and all the edges of the base
are equally inclined to VP. It is cut to with an inclined section plane so as the truncated surface at 45° to
its axis, bisecting it. Draw the development of the truncated pyramid.

18) A frustum of a square pyramid has its base 40 mm sides, top 16 mm sides and height 60mm, its axis is
vertical and a side of its base is parallel to VP. Draw the projections of the frustum and show the
development of the lateral surfaces of it.

66. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


b) Rectangular Pyramids
19) A rectangular pyramid, side of base 25 mm X 40 mm and height 50 mm has one of the sides of the base
is inclined at 30° to the VP. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cut pyramid, whose front
view is shown below.

c) Pentagon Pyramids
20) A frustum of a pentagonal pyramid, smaller base sides 16 mm and bigger top face sides 32 mm and height
40 mm, is resting on the HP on its smaller base, with one of its base sides parallel to the VP. Draw the
projections of the frustum and develop the lateral surface it.

67. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



21) A regular pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35 mm and altitude 65 mm has its base on HP with a side of
base perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is perpendicular to the VP and
inclined at 30° to HP. The cutting plane meets the axis of the pyramid at a point 30 mm below the vertex.
Obtain the development of the remaining part of the pyramid.


22) A pentagonal pyramid, 30 mm sides, with a side of base perpendicular to VR Draw the development of
the lateral surfaces of the retained portion of the pyramid shown by the dark lines in the following figure.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


d) Hexagon Pyramids
23) A hexagonal pyramid, base sides 25 mm and height 60 mm, is resting with its base on HP and-an edge of
base inclined at 40° to VP. It is cut to the shape of a truncated pyramid with the truncated surface indicated
in the front view at a point on the axis 20 mm from the apex and inclined at 40° to XY. Draw the projections
and show the development of the lateral surface of the remaining portion of the pyramid.

24) A hexagonal pyramid of sides 35 mm and altitude 65 mm is resting on HP on its base with two of the base
sides perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a plane inclined at 30° to HP and perpendicular to VP
and is intersecting the axis at 30 mm above the base. Draw the development of the remaining portion of
the pyramid.

69. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



25) A hexagonal pyramid 25 mm side of base and axis 65 mm long is resting on its base on HP with one of
the edges of the base parallel to VP. It is cut by a vertical senior plane at a distance of 8 mm from the axis
towards right side. Develop the lateral surface of the left part of the pyramid.

26) A hexagonal pyramid of 30 mm base sides with a side of base parallel to VP. Draw the development
of the lateral surfaces of the retained portions of the pyramid cut by two perpendicular planes shown
by dark lines in the Fig.

70. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


vii) Development of lateral surfaces of Cylinders
27) Draw the development of the lateral surface of a truncated vertical cylinder, 40 mm diameter of base and
height 50 mm, the truncated flat surface of the cylinder bisects the axis at 60° to it.


28) A vertical cylinder of base diameter 50 mm and axis length 60 mm is cut by two planes which are
perpendicular to VP and inclined at 45° to HP and passing through either side the center point of the top
face. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the cylinder.

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



29) Develop the lateral surface of the cylinder of 40 mm diameter and height 60 mm which is cut in the
following way.


vii) Development of lateral surfaces of Cones
30) A cone of base diameter 60 mm and height 70 mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut as shown in the
following figure. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the remaining portion of the cone.

72. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


31) A cone of base diameter 60 mm and height 70 mm is resting on its base on HP. It is cut as shown in the
following figure. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the remaining portion of the cone.


32) A right cone of 55 mm diameter of base and 75 mm height stands on its base on HP. It is cut to the shape
of a truncated cone with its truncated surface inclined at 45° to the axis lying at a distance of 40 mm from
the apex of the cone. Obtain the development of the lateral surface of the truncated cone.

73. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


viii) Problems on applications of development of lateral surfaces like funnels and trays.

33) Draw the development of the lateral surface of a funnel consisting of a cylinder and a frustum of a cone.
The diameter of the cylinder is 20 mm and top face diameter of the funnel is 80 mm. The height of frustum
and cylinder are equal to 60 mm and 40 mm respectively.

34) A funnel is made of sheet metal. The funnel tapers from 60 mm. to 30 mm. diameters to a height of 25
mm. and then forms to a cylinder with a height of 50 mm. Bottom of funnel is beveled off completely at
an angle of 45° to axis Draw the development of funnel.

74. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


35) Draw the development of the tray, whose pictorial view is shown in Isometric Fig.

75. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


Practice problems on Development of Lateral Surfaces

1) A square pyramid of base side 30 mm and height 60 mm rests on HP with base edges equally
inclined to VP. A cutting plane perpendicular to VP and inclined at 30° to HP cuts the pyramid.
Develop the lateral surface of the remaining portion.
2) A rectangular pyramid of base 40 mm × 25 mm and height 70 mm is resting on HP. A section
plane inclined at 45° to the base cuts the pyramid. Develop the lateral surfaces of the truncated
pyramid.
3) A pentagonal pyramid with base side 25 mm and height 60 mm stands on its base on HP. It is cut
by an auxiliary inclined plane. Draw the development of the truncated pyramid.
4) A hexagonal pyramid of base side 20 mm and axis 60 mm is resting on HP such that one base edge
is parallel to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to HP. Draw the development of the lateral
surface.
5) A hexagonal prism of base side 20 mm and height 60 mm stands vertically on HP with one edge
of the base parallel to VP. A section plane cuts the prism inclined at 45° to HP, passing through
the axis. Draw the development of the remaining portion.
6) A cube (hexahedron) of side 40 mm is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to HP, bisecting the axis.
Draw the development of the lateral surfaces of the remaining part.
7) A vertical cylinder of base diameter 40 mm and height 70 mm is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to
the base and passing through the top of the axis. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
remaining part of the cylinder.
8) A cone with base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm is cut by a plane inclined at 45° to HP and
passing through the mid-point of the axis. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
remaining portion.
9) A funnel consists of a frustum of a cone with a top diameter of 80 mm, bottom diameter of 40 mm,
and height of 60 mm and a cylinder of diameter 40 mm and height 60 mm . Develop the lateral
surface of the funnel.
10) A rectangular tray is made from a sheet metal of size 200 mm × 150 mm, with vertical sides of 40
mm height folded upward along all four sides. Draw the development of the tray, show without
flaps.

76. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


Module 5 Contents
Multidisciplinary Applications & Practice (For CIE Only):
i) Free hand Sketching:
a) True free hand
b) Guided Free hand
c) Roads
d) Buildings
e) Utensils
f) Hand tools
g) Furniture
ii) Drawing Simple Mechanisms:
a) Bicycles
b) Tricycles
c) Gear trains
d) Ratchets
e) two-wheeler cart to dimensions
f) Four-wheeler carts to dimensions
iii) Electric Wiring and lighting diagrams:
a) Automatic fire alarm
b) Call bell system
c) UPS system
d) Basic power distribution system
iv) Basic Building Drawing:
a) Architectural floor plan
b) Basic foundation drawing
c) Frames
d) Bridges
e) Trusses
v) Simple Electronics Circuit Drawings
vi) Graphs & Charts:
a) Column chart
b) Pie chart
c) Line charts
d) Gantt charts

77. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


i) Free hand Sketching:
a) True free hand
Draw the following figures without using Scale
[Note: use measured points as reference and complete the sketch without using Scale]

78. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


b) Guided Free hand
Use the required Items as reference and draw the Outline
[Note: keep the required Items on the drawing sheet and draw its outline first and then highlight its features]


c) Roads

d) Buildings

79. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


e) Utensils

f) Hand tools


g) Furniture

80. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore





ii) Drawing Simple Mechanisms:
a) Bicycles

b) Tricycles

c) Gear trains

81. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


d) Ratchets

e) Two-wheeler cart to dimensions [Note: Convert to Scale]

f) Four-wheeler carts to dimensions [Note: one inch = 25.4 mm]

82. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


iii) Electric Wiring and lighting diagrams: [Using Proteus Simulation Software]
a) Automatic fire alarm

b) Call bell system

c) UPS system

d) Basic power distribution system

83. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore

iv) Basic Building Drawing:
a) Architectural floor plan [Note: 1.00 foot = 304.8 mm and 1 m = 1000 mm]

b) Basic foundation drawing [9x11m ground floor house plan]

84. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


c) Frames [Note: 1 cm = 10 mm]

d) Bridges [Dimensions are in Meters]

[Dimensions are in Centimeters]

85. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


e) Trusses [Dimensions are in Feet’s]


v) Simple Electronics Circuit Drawings
[Rain Alarm] [Temperature Monitor]

[Touch Sensor] [LED Flash]

86. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


vi) Graphs & Charts:
a) Column chart
1. Select the range B1:B8 & hold down Ctrl [Control Key] and select the range D2:M8
[Example data]

2. On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Column symbol.

3. Click Clustered Column.

4. Result:

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 st SEM2nd SEM3rd SEM2 st SEM4th SEM5th SEM3 st SEM6th SEM7th SEM8th SEM
Results Details
22SEBR04 22SEBR06 22SEBR07 22SEBR08 22SEBR09 22SEBR10 22SEBR11

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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



b) Pie chart
1) Select the range B1:B8 & hold down Ctrl [Control Key] and select the range D2:M8
[Example data]

2) On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Column symbol.

3) Click Clustered Column.

4) Results [Note: Pie Chart gives Individual column data interpretations]

1st SEM
22SEBR0422SEBR0622SEBR0722SEBR08
22SEBR0922SEBR1022SEBR11

88. Mysore University School of Engineering
8J99+QC7, Manasa Gangothiri, Mysuru, Karnataka 570006
85
Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


c) Line charts
1) Select the range B1:B8 & hold down Ctrl [Control Key] and select the range D2:M8
[Example data]

2) On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Column symbol.

3) Click Clustered Column.

4) Results

0
20
40
60
80
100
120
1 st
SEM
2nd
SEM
3rd
SEM
2 st
SEM
4th
SEM
5th
SEM
3 st
SEM
6th
SEM
7th
SEM
8th
SEM
Chart Title
22SEBR04 22SEBR06 22SEBR07 22SEBR08
22SEBR09 22SEBR10 22SEBR11

89. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore


d) Gantt charts
1) Select the range B1:B8 & hold down Ctrl [Control Key] and select the range D2:M8
[Example data]

2) On the Insert tab, in the Charts group, click the Column symbol.

3) Click Clustered Column.

4) Results

0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700
1 st SEM
2nd SEM
3rd SEM
2 st SEM
4th SEM
5th SEM
3 st SEM
6th SEM
7th SEM
8th SEM
Chart Title
22SEBR0422SEBR0622SEBR0722SEBR08
22SEBR0922SEBR1022SEBR11

90. Mysore University School of Engineering
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Prepared by: Mr Thanmay J S, Assistant Professor, Bio-Medical & Robotics Engineering, UoM, SoE, Mysore



References:
1. S. Trymbaka Murthy, Computer Aided Engineering Drawing, I.K. International Publishing House.
2. N. D. Bhatt and V. M. Panchal, Engineering Drawing, Charotar Publishing House.
3. K. R. Gopalakrishna and Sudhir Gopalakrishna, Computer Aided Engineering Drawing, Subhas
Stores.
4. Subrata Pal and Madhusudan Bhattacharyya, Computer Aided Engineering Drawing, Viva Books.
5. K. Venugopal and V. Prabhu Raja, A Textbook of Engineering Graphics, New Age International
Publishers.
6. Warren J. Luzadder and Jon M. Duff, Fundamentals of Engineering Drawing: With an Introduction
to Interactive Computer Graphics for Design and Production, Prentice Hall.
7. Frederick E. Giesecke et al., Technical Drawing with Engineering Graphics, Pearson Education.
8. Prof. Sham Tickoo, Solid Edge 2022 for Engineers and Designers, BPB Publications.
9. Sandeep Dogra, AutoCAD 2022 for Architectural Design: A Power Guide for Beginners and
Intermediate Users, CADArtifex Books.
10. K. Lalit, 3D Modeling and Computer-Aided Design, Firewall Media.

Online References
1. VTU Circular (official) — Model Question Paper for Computer Aided Engineering Drawing (Course
Subject Regulation) on VTU website.
2. VTU Developer — Computer Aided Engineering Drawing (BCEDK203): Complete study materials,
module-wise resources are available for CAED under VTU.
3. Engineering Drawing and Computer Graphics by Prof. Rajaram Lakkaraju, IIT Kharagpur — covers
basics of engineering drawing, orthographic projections, computer graphics etc. NPTEL Online
Courses
4. Engineering Graphics and Design by Prof. Naresh Varma Datla & Prof. S. R. Kale, IIT Delhi — helps
with visualization, graphics representation on paper and computer. NPTEL Online Courses
5. Engineering Drawing by Dr. Anupam Saxena, IIT Kanpur — a detailed lecture-series with many
drawings and applications.