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IELT

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AUTHENTIC PRACTICE TESTS
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IELTS

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AUTHENTIC PRACTICE TESTS

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ISBN 978-7-5190-O194

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Introduction

Prepare for the exam with practice tests from Cambridge

Inside you ind four authentic examination papers from Cambridge Assessment
They are Ihe perfect way to practise - EXACTLY like the real exam.

Why are they unique?

Al our authentic practice tesis go through Ihe seme design process as the IELTS t
‘chock every single part of our practico tests wi ral students under exam conditions, lo
make sure we give you Ihe most authentic experience possible.

Students can practi these tesis on thei own or with the help oa teacher to famiariso
themselves withthe exam formal, understand the scoring system and practse exam technique.

Further Information

IELTS is joity managed bythe Btish Counc, IDP: IELTS Australia and Cambridge
Assessment Engish. Further information can be found onthe IELTS official wabst at
lets.

WHAT IS THE TEST FORMAT?

IELTS consists of four components. Al candidatas take the same Li

tests. There is a choice of Reading and Wrting tests according lo whether a candidate is
{aking the Acadomic or General Training module.

‘Academic General Training
For candidates wishing to study at | For candidates wishing to migrate to an
Undergraduate or postgraduate levels, | English-speaking country (Australia, Canada,
‘and for those seeking professional | New Zealand, UK), and for those wishing to
registration, train or study below degree level

Academic Reading

Academic Writing

Speaking

ACADEMIC TEST FORMAT

Listening

General Trainin

General Training Writing

Introduction

Writing

‘This test consists of two tasks. Its suggested that candidates spend about 20 minutes on
Task 1, which requires them to waite at least 150 words, and 40 minutes on Task 2, which
requires them to wrile at least 250 words, Task 2 contributes twice as much as Task 110 the
Wrling score.

Task 1 requires candidates to look at a diagram or some data (in a graph, table or char)
‘and to present the information in thelr own words. They are assessed on their bit to
organise, present and possibly compare data, and are required to describo Ihe stages of a
process, describe an objector event, or explain how something works.

In Task 2, candidates are presented witha point of view, argument or problem. They are
ssessed on their aby fo present a solution tothe problem, present and justify an opinion,
compare and contrast evidence and opinions, and to evaluate and challenge idees, vide

¡dates are also assessed on ther abliy to wit in an appropriate style. More
information on assessing the Writing tes, including Writng assessment criteria (public
version), Is available at ats.

Speaking
This les takes between 11 and 14 minules and is conducted by a trained examiner,
There are three pars:

Pan

‘The candidate and the examiner introduce themselves, Candidates then answer general
questions about themselves, their homely, ther jobstudies, Ihr interests and a:
range of similar familar topic areas. This par esis botwoon four and five minutes.

Part2

The candidate is given a task card with prompts and is asked to talk on a particular topic.
‘The candidate has one minute to prepare and they can make some notes hey wish,
before speaking for between one and two minutes. The examiner nen asks one or two
questions on the same logic

Part 3

‘The examiner and the candidate engage in a discussion of mare abstract issues which are
matically linked tothe topic in Part 2, The discussion lasts batwaan four and five minutes

‘The Speaking test assesses whether candidates can communicate effectively in English

‘The assessment takes into account Fluency end Coherence, Lexicel Resource, Grammatical
Range and Accuracy, and Pronunciation. More informetion on assessing the Speaking test,
neluding Speaking assessment criteria (public version) is available at its.

HOW IS IELTS SCORED?

Introduction

MARKING THE PRACTICE TESTS

Listening and Reading

The answer keys are on pages 119-126,
Each question in he Listening and Racing tests is worth one mark.

Questions which require letter! Roman numeral answers

+ For questions where the answers are letters or Roman numerals, you should write only
the number of answers required. For example, ithe answer's à single ette or numeral
you should wrte only one answer. if you have wrilen more letters or numerals than are
require, the answer must be marked wrong,

Questions which require answers in the form of words or numbers
Answers may be wrten in upper or lower case.
Words in brackets are optional they are cored but not necessary.
Alternative answers are separated by a slash ()
1 you are asked fo rile an answer using a certain number of words andor (a) n
you will be penaliseg if you exceed this. For example, if a question specifies an
sing NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS andthe correct answer is “black leather coat
the answer coat of black leather is incorrect
in questions where you are expected to complete a gap, you should ony transfer the
necessary missing word(s onto the answer sheet. For example, to complete In bie.
where Ihe correct answer is ‘morning the answer in the morning’ would be incorrect.
All answers require correct speling (including words in brackets),
Both US and UK speling are accoplable and ae included in the answer key.
All standard alternatives for numbers, dates and currencies are acceptable.
Al standard abbreviations are acceptable.
You wil ind addtional notes about Individual answers in the answer key,

Writing

“The sample answers are on pages 127-197. Lis not possible for you to give yourself a mark
for the Wing tasks. We have provided sample answers (willen by candidates), showing
their score and the examiners! comments, These sample answers wil give you an insight
into whats required forthe Wing tes.

HOW SHOULD YOU INTERPRET YOUR SCORES:

LISTENING

PART 1 Questions 1-10
Complete the notes below.

Wite ONE WORD ANDIOR A NUMBER for each ansı

Bankside Recruitment Agency
Address of 497 East
Name of agent: Becky 4
Phone number: 07866 510333

Best to call her in the 2

Typical jobs
+ Clerical and admin roles, mainly in the finance industry
= Must have good 3 skills

‘+ Jobs are usually for atleast one 4

+ Payisusually 54. per hour

Registration process
+ Wearas to the interview

+ Must bring your 7 lo the interview
+ They wil ack questions about each applicants 8

Advantages of using an agency
+ Thea you receive at interview wil beneft you
Will get access lo vacancies which are not advertised

Less 10. is involved in applying for jobs

PART 2 Questions 11-20

Matthews Island Holidays

Questions 15-20

Complete the table below

White ONE WORD ANDIOR A NUMBER for each answer.

Timetable for Isle of Man holiday

Activity

Notes

Janive

Introduction by manager

Hotel dining room has view of the
15

Tynwald Exhibition and Pea!

“Tynwald may have been founded in
16 not 979.

rip to Snaetel

Travel along promenade in a tram:
train to Laxey; train to the
17 of Snaetel

Free day

‘Company provides a
18 for local
transport and heritage sites.

Take the 19 railway
train from Douglas to Port Erin

Frae time, then coach lo Castletown
= former 20. _ has old

Leave

12

> (9 p.119][8 p.97

Personality Traits

Test

Questions 27 and 28

Choose the correct letter, A, Bor C.

27. What do the speakers say about the evidence relating to birth order and academic

A There is conficling evidence about whether oldest children perform best in
intelligence tests.

B There is litle doubt that bith order has less influence on academic
achievement than socio-economic status,

© Some studies nave neglected Lo include important factors such as family size.

\What does Ruth think is surprising about the diference in oldest children's
‘academic performance?

Itis mainly thanks to their roles as teachers for their younger siblings.
‘The advantages they have only lead to a slightly higher level of achievement
“The extra parental altention they receive at a young age makes lille
difference

Questions 29 and 30
Choose TWO letters, A-E,

Which TWO experiences of sibling rivalry do the speakers agree has been valuable
for them?

learning to share
learning o stand up for oneself
learning to be a good loser
learning Lo be tolerant

learning lo say sony

PART 4

Write ONE WORD

importance
provides 31

Diseases

8)

high-fre
35

Questions 3

The Eucalyptus Tree in Australia

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 below.

Nutmeg — a valuable spice

‘he nutmeg rec, Mors gras, isa are eves A le
18th century it only grew inne place in te world: a small group of islands inthe Banda Sea, part
ofthe Moluccas — or Spice Isiands~ in ortheaster Indonesie. The tee is thickly branched with
dense foliage of tough, dark grocn oval leves, nd produces small, yellow, bell-shaped flowers und
pal yellow pear-shaped Fit The Grits encased in a la husk: When he fruits ripe, this ck
Splits into wo halves slong «ridge raning the length ofthe ri ide is à puple-brown shiny seed,
23m long by about 2em eros, sstounded hy a lay red or crimson covering called an ri These
a the sources of the two spices numap and mace, te former being produced rom the dried seed
ad theater on thea

vas a highly prized and eut ingredient in Tropean cuisine in the Middle Ages, and was
flavouring, medical, and preservative agent. Taroughout this period, Ih Arabs were the
ofthe spice to Puro. They sold nutmeg fr high prices to merchants hase in
Venice but they never revealed he exact ovation ofthe source ofthis extremely valuable commodity
The Ara Venetian dominanco of tho ade finally ended in 1512, when the Portugues reached the
Panda Islands and began exploiting ils precious resources.

Alvays in danger of competition from neighbouring Spin, he Portuguese began subeontracin
ir spice disburion toute traders, Profits began to low ino the Netherlands, and the Dutch
À eet swift grew into one ofthe Jrgest in the world. The Dutch quiet gained control
ping and trading of spice in Northern Europe. Then, in 1540, Portugal fell under
Spanish rule the Dutch found themselves locked cut ofthe marke.
AS prices for pep, nue and other spices sored cross Europe, hey decided to ight

In 1602, Dutch merchants founded the VO, ding corporation better know as the Dutch st
India Company By 1617, the VOC was the richest commercial operation inthe world Ihe company
had 50,000 employees worldwide, witha private any of 30,000 men and a fet of 200 ships. At
the ame time, Ihousund of people cross Europe were dying ofthe plague, a highly contagious and
‘ally dense. Doctors were desperate fora way to slop the spread of this disease, and they decided

verybody wanted nutmeg, und many were willing to spare no expenso to

fw pecs in Indonesia could be sid for 68.000 times ts original ut

on the secs af London. The only problem vs he short supply And hats where he Dutch found
their opportunity

16

Test 1

Questions 1-4
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer

White your answers in boxes 1-4 on your answer shoot

The nutmeg tree and fruit
the leaves ofthe tree are 1 in shape
the 2 surrounds the frit and breaks open when the fruit
is ripe
the 3 is used to produce the spice nutmeg

the covering known as the arlis used to produce 4

the tree has yellow flowers and fruit

Questions

Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 17

In boxos 5-7 on your answer sheet, write
TRUE it he statement agreos withthe information

FALSE iftho statement contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

In the Middle Ages, most Europeans knew where nutmeg
The VOC was the world's fist major trading company
Following the Treaty of Breda, the Duich had control of al the istands where
nutmeg gre

Questions 8-13

Complete the table below.

Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer,

Write your answers in boxes 8-13 on your answer sheet.

Middle Ages _| Nutmeg was brought to Europe by the 8
16th century [European nations took control ofthe nutmeg trade
17th century |Demand for nutmeg grew, as it was believed to be effective

against the disease known as the 9

‘The Dutch

= took control of the Banda Islands

— restricted nutmeg production to a few areas.

puto... on nutmeg to avoid it being cultivated
outside the islands

= finaly obtained the island of 11 _
the British

from

Late 18th century

770 nutmeg plants were secretly taken to 12

1778 half the Banda Islands’ nutmeg plantations were destroyed
byata 5

2852) »

Tost

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 bolow.

Driverless cars

‘The automotive sector is well used to adapting to automation in manufacturing.
‘The implementation of robolic car manufacture from the 1970s onwards led to
significant cost savings and improvements inthe reliabilly and flexibility of vehicle
mass production. A new challenge to vehicle production ls now on the horizon
and, again, IL comes from automation. However, this time iis not to do with the
manufacturing process, but with the vehicles themselves.

Research projects on vehicle automation are not new. Vehicles with limited ser
‘ving capabilties have boen around for more than 50 years, resulting in significant
contributions towards driver assistance systems. But since Google announced in
2010 that it had been ling sell ars on the streels of California, progress
inthis field has quickly gathered pace.

There are many reasons why technology is advancing so fast. One frequenty cited
mative is safety indeed, research at the UK Transport Research Laboratory has
demonstrated that more than 90 percent of road collisions involve human error as a
‘contributory factor, and i isthe primary cause in the vast majority. Automation may
Help to reduce the Incidence of this.

‘Another aim isto free the time people spend driving for other purposes. the
vehicle can do some or al of the driving, it may be possible to be productive, to
socialise or simply to relax while automation systems have responsibility for safe
‘control of the vehicle, Ifthe vehicle can do the driving, those who are challenged
by existing moblity models — such as older or disabled travellers — may be able to
enjoy significantly greater ravel autonomy

Beyond these direct benefits, we can consider the wider implications for transport
and seciely, and how manufacturing processes might need to respond as a

result Al present, the average car sponds more than 90 percent of its life parked.
Automation means thal iniatves for car-sharing become much more viable,
particulary in urban areas with signifiant travel demand, If significant proportion
‘ofthe population choose to use shared automated vehicles, mobility demand can
be met by far fewer vehicles.

‘The Massachusells Institute of Technology investigated automated mobilty in
‘Singapore, finding that fewer than 30 percent ofthe vehices currently used would
be required i fully automated car sharing could be implemented. I this is the case,
it might mean that we need to manutacture far fewer vehicles lo meet demand,

Michigan n Rese

Since, for most ofthe time cars are unoccupied, this may
ange of vehicle that suit the needs

‘and enforceme

ager ess
quired for commur

st probably be conquered within th
nally significant ways ant

Test

Questions 14-18
Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A-G.

Which section contains the following information?

Wits the correct ter, A-G, in boxes 14-18 on your answer shoot

rence to the amount of ime when a caris notin use
mention of several advantages of driverless vehicles or individual road-users
reference to the opportunity of choosing the most appropriate vehicle for each trip
an estimate of how long it will take fo overcome a number of problems

a suggestion thal the use of driverless cars may have no effect on the number of
Vehicles manufactured

Questions 19-22
omplote the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer

Write your answers in boxes 19-22 on your answer shat.

The impact of driverless cars

Figures from the Transport Research Laboratory indicate that most motor accidents
ara partly due to 19 59 the introduction of diverless vehicles
will result in greater safely. In addition o the direct beneñ of automation, it may bring
cther advantages. For example, schemes for 20 will be more
workable, especially in towns and ches, resuling in fewer cars on the road.

According to the University of Michigan Transportation Research Institut, there could
be a 43 percent drop in 24 of cars, However, this would mean
that the yearly 22 of each car would, on average, be twice as
high as it curranty is. This would lead! to a higher turnover of vehicles, and therefore no
reduction in automotive manufacturing.

Testi

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 below

What is exploration?

Were ll explorers. Our desire to discover, nd the share that new-found knowledge, is part
of what makes us human ~ indeed, his has played an important part in our success us species
Long before the first caveman slumped down beide the fre and granted news at tere were
pleny of wildeheest over yonder, our ancestors had learnt the value of sending out scout to
investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly he spread
around he globe, just sit nowadays no doubt help bolas nomadic Penan maintain their
xitenc in the depleted forests of Borneo, anda visto negotiate the subways of New York

Over the years, we’ o thin of explores as peculiar breed — different kom the esto
ferent from those of us who are mercly “well ünvelled', even; and perhaps there is a type of
son more sited o secking out the new, a ype of caveman more inclined to risk venturing ut.

That, however, docu take away from the fc that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today

and hat in all srt of professions ~ whethe e biologist or astronomer — orders of

the kan aro being tested each dy.

1homas Hardy sot some of his novels in gd nal area of uncultivated land and
uso the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. Te is delving into matters
we a recognise because they ar common o humanity This i surely an act of exploration, and
into world as remote as the author chonses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of
the moment when the explorer ums tothe existence he has le behind with his loved ones. Th
traveller “who has for wecks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling
laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his
er cl, relatively solid igure, with a place inthe minds of certain people

in this book about the exploration ofthe cars surface, Ihave confined myself to those whose
travels were real and who also aimed at more than persona discovery. But that il left me with,
another problem: the wor “explorer” has become associated witha past era We think back to a
golden age, as if exploration peaked somehow in the 19h century as if the process of discon
{snow oa the decline, though the truth is hat we have named only one and a half millon of this
plane’ spe ‘there may be more than 10 million and hat's no including bacteria, We
have studied only 5 percent ofthe species we know, We have searcely mapped the ocean floors,
and know even less about ourselves; we fully understand the workings of only 10 per ent of our

Test 1

Questions 27-32
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Write the correct letter in boxes 27-32 on your answer sheet

27. The writer refers to vistors to New York to illustrate the po

‘exploration is an intrinsic element of being human.
most people are enthusiastic about exploring,
exploration can lead to surprising resul.

most people find exploration daunting

E
© They act on an urge that is common to everyone.
D They tend to be more attracted to certain professions than lo others.

The waiter refers to a description of Egdon Heath to suggest th

A Hardy was writing about his own experience of exploration.
B Hardy was mistaken about the nature of explorali

© Hardys aim was to investigate people's emotional states.
D Hardÿs aim was to show the aliracion of isolaio

Inthe fourth paragraph, the writer refers to ‘a golden age’ to suggest that

A the amount of useful information produced by exploralion has decreased.
B fewer people are interested in exploring than in the 19h century

© recent developments have made exploration less exciting,

D we are wrong to think that exploration Is no longar necessary.

In the sith paragraph, when discussing the definition of exploration, the writer
‘argues thal

A people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests
B certain people are likely to misunderstand Ihe nature of exploration.

© _ the generally accepted definition has changed overtime.

D hisiorians and scientists have more valid defritions than the general public.

Inthe last paragraph, the writer explains that he is interested in

À how someone's personally is reflected in their choice of places to visit
B the human ability to cast new light on places that may be famila.

© how travel writing has evolved to meet changing demands.

the feelings that writers develop about the places Inal they explore.

HAN TWO WORDS

The writer’s own bias

WRITING

WRITING TASK 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on this task

‘The chart below shows the results of a survey about people's coffee and tea
buying and drinking habits in five Australian cities.

Summarise the Information by selecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant.

Write atleast 150 words.

Coffee and tea buying and drinking habits in five cities in Australia

2
4
‘
B

Sydney Meboume Brisbane Adelaide

ought ech coffe in last à weeks
EE Bought instant coles in ast 4 weeks
[Bh Went to a café fr off o tea in est 4 weeks

WRITING TASK 2

SPEAKING

PART 1

The examiner asks the cendidalo about hinvhersel, hisMer home, work or studies and
other familar topics.

EXAMPLE
Email

at kinds of emails do you receive about your work or studies?
©. Do you prefer to email, phone or text your friends? (Why?)

+ Do you reply to emails and messages as soon as you recelve them? [Why/Why nol?]
‘Are you happy to receive emails that are advertising things? [Wy/Wy not?]

PART 2

Describe a hotel that you know. You will have to talk
You should say: about he ole fr one
where this hotel is lo o meute, Yo

What this hotel looks tke ave one minute to
What facilities this hotel has think about what you
are going to say. You
and explain whether you think this is a nico hotel | can make some noles
to stay in. Lo help you you wish,

PART 3
Discussion topics:

Staying in hotels

Example questions:
What things ara important when people are choosing a hotel?
Why do some people not ike staying in hotels?

Do you think staying in a luxury hotel is a waste of money?

Working in a hotel

Example questions:

Do you think hotel work is a good career for fe?

How dogs working ina big hotel compare with working in a small hotel?
What skills are needed to be a successful hotel manager

ISTENING

PART 1 Questions 1-10

Write ONE WORD ONLY

Festival information

Type of event Details
‘ompany cal
type of play

Minste:

Test 2

PART 3 Questions 21-30
Questions 21 and 22

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

Whieh TWO groups of people isthe display primarily intended for?

students from the English department
residents ofthe local area

the universiy’s teaching sta
potential new students

students from other departments

Questions 23 and 24

0058 TWO letters, A-E.

What are Cathy and Graham's TWO reasons for chaosing the novelist Charles Dickens?

His speeches inspired others to Uy to improve soci
He used his publications Lo draw attention to social
His novels are well-known now.

He was consulted on a number of social issues.
His reputation has changed in recent times.

Novels by Dickens

Test 2

PART 4 Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ONLY for each ansu

Agricultural programme in Mozambique
How the programme was organised
+ Itfocused on a dry and arid region in Chicualacuala district, near the
People depended on the forest to provide charcoal as a source of income.
a was seen as the main priority to ensure the supply of water.

Most ofthe work organised by farmers’ associations was done by
32

Fenced areas were created to keep animals away from ©
The programme provided

-33 for the fence

3 for suitable crops

= water pumps.

‘The farmers provided
= labour
-35 for the fences on their land.
Further develapments

+ The marketing of produce was sometimes dificult due to lack of
36

+ Training was therefore provided in methods of food 37
Farmers made special places where 38. could be kept
* Local people later suggested keeping 39
Evaluation and lessons learned

Agricultural production increased, improving incomes and food securiy.

Enough time must be allowed, particularly forthe 40 phase of
the programme,

020015]

ould urban engineers learn from

Test2

E

The same is tru in transpor engineering, which uses models o predict and shape the
vay people move through the city. Again, these models are necessary, but they ae built
on specific world viens in which certain forms of eficiency and safety re considered
periences ofthe city ignored. Designs that seem logcal in models appear
uve in he actual experience of ther users. The guard ras tat will be familiar
Lo anyone who has attempted w eross a British road, for example, were an engineering
solution to pedestrian safety based on model that prioritise the smooth Row of trafic. On
ide major roads, they often ide pedestrians to specific crossing points and slow down
their progress across the road by wing siaggered access points o divide the crossing into
two one foreach cariagesay: In doing so they make crossings fel longer, introducing
peychological barriers greatly impacting those that are the least mobile, and encouraging
‘others to make dangerous crossings to get around the gard ral, These harriers don't
Just make i arder to ess te red: they divide communities and decrease opportunities
for heally transport. Asa result, many are now being removed, causing disruption, cost
nd waste

IF their designers had had the tools to think with their bodies — like dancers - and imagin
how these bariers would feel, Ihre might have been a etter solution. In order to bring,
about fundamental changes to the ways we use our cities, engineering wi nod to develop
‘richer understanding of why people move in certain ways, and how this movement acts
them. Choreography may not sem an obvious choice for tuckling this problem. Ye ie shares.
with engineering the aim of designing patterns of movement within Imitations of space.

Teis an art form developed almost eatiely by trying out ideas withthe body, and gaining
instant fesdback on how the rests feel. Choreographers have deep understanding ofthe
psychological, esthetic, and physical implications of ilere ways of moving

Observing the choreographer Wayne McGregor, cognitive scientist David Kirsh described
‘now he ‘thins with the body. Kir argues that by using the body to simulaze outcomes,
MeGregor is able to imagine solutions thar would not be possible using purely abstract
thought, Tis kindof physical knowledge is valued in many areas of expertise, ut eurenlly
hus no place in formal engineering design processes. A suggested method for transport
engineers sto improvise design solutions and get instant Feedback about how they

‘would work from ther o experience of thera, or mode! designs at fll scale inthe w
ehorcographes experiment with groups of dancers. Above al, pethaps, they migh lea
design for emotional us well s funcional effects.

Guard rails

Test2

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which aro based on Reading
Passage 2 below.

Should we try to bring extinct species back to life?

‘The passenger pigeon was a legendary species. Flying in vast numbers across
North America, wih potentially many millons within a single floc, their migration
was once one of nature's great spectacles. Sad}, the passenger pigeor's existence
‘came to an end on 1 September 1914, when the last living specimen died at
Cincinnati Zoo. Geneticist Ben Novak is lead researcher on an ambitious project
which now aims to bring the bird back o life through a process known as "de-
‘extinction. The basic premise involves using cloning technology to tum the DNA of
‘extinct animals into a fertilised embryo, which is carried by the nearest relative stil
in existence - in his case, the abundant bardtalled pigeon — before being born as
a living, breathing animal. Passenger pigeons are one of the pioneering species in
this field, but they are far from the only ones on which this cutting-edge technology
is being trialled.

In Australia, the thylacine, more commonly known as the Tasmanian tiger, is
another extinct creature which genetic scientists are suiving to bring back to

There is no camivore now in Tasmania that fils the riche which thylacines once
‘occupied, explains Michael Archer of Ihe University of New South Wales. He points
‘out that in the decades since the thylacine went extinct, there has been a spread in
A ‘dangerously debilitating’ facial tumour syndrome which threatens the existence
‘of the Tasmanian devils, the islane's other notorious resident, Thylacines would
have prevented this spread because they would have killed significant numbers.

of Tasmanian devils that contagious cancer had popped up previously, it would
have bumed out in whatever region it started. The return of thylacines to Tasmania
could help to ensure that devils are never again subjected o risks ofthis kind

If extinct species can be brought back 1 le, can humanity begin to correct the
damage has caused to the natural world over the pas! few millennia? Tha idea
‘of de-extinction is that we can reverse this process, bringing species that no
longer exist back to le says Beth Shapiro of University of Calfomia Santa Cruz's
Genomics Insttue. 1 don think that we can do this. There is no way to bring
back something that is 100 per cent identical to a species that went extinct a long
time ago.” Amore practical approach for long-extinct species is to take the DNA of
existing species as a template, ready forthe insertion of strands of extinct animal
DNA to create something new; a hybrid, based on the living species, but which
looks andior acts like the animal which diod out.

E

ted process and questionable
las wit

nger pigeons w
€ hectare.’ Since the dk
astern US have sufer

À need for re

ding to N
is of a passenger pi

ing a

aller a dist
added nesting ha
forest disturbance, thereby

Another popula

Church, professor al Harvard Medical Schoc

Revival Project, has b

olly mammoth and its nearest
genetic traits mad

roject’s goal

y climate ofthe tuncra, the

nighest prior

$ species, tot ty
Asian elephant,’ says Church,
undra. Necessary
Insulating fat, al fr the purpose o
found in the now extinct woolly mammoth
| forests of Eurasia and North Amer

ich encourages

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Tast 2

Questions 14-17
Reading Passage 2 has six paragraphs, ACF.

\Which paragraph contains the following information?

Wie the come alter, A-F, in boxes 14-17 on your answer sheet
NB You may use any etar more than once.

14. a reference to how further disappearance of multiple species could be avoided

explanation of a way of reproducing an extinct animal using the DNA of only that

reference to a habitat which has suffered folowing the extinction of a species

17. mention ofthe exact point at which a particular species became extinct

Questions 18-22
Complete the summary below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS trom the passage for each answer

Write your answers in boxes 18-22 on your answer sheet.

The woolly mammoth revival project

Professor George Church and his team are trying to identity the
1, ich enabled mammoths to ve in the tundra. The findings
could help preserve the mammoth’ close relativo, the endangered Asian elephant.

According to Church, introducing Asian elephants to the tundra would involve certain
physical adaptations to minimise 19 To survive in the tundra,
the species would need to have the mammoth-lke features of thicker hai,

20 of a reduces size and more 21

Repopulating the tundra with mammoths or Asian elaphantimammoth hybrids would
also have an impact on the environment, which could help to reduce temperatures and
decrease 22

List of People

Tost 2

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 below.

Having a laugh

The findings of psychological scientists reveal the importance of humour

Hamas start developing a sense of humour as early a six weeks ol, when babies begin to laugh
and smile in response to simul, Laughter i universal across all human cultures and even exists
in some form in as, chimps, and bonobes Like other human emotions and expressions, ughie
and humour provide psychological scientists with rich resources fr studying human psychology
ranging from the development of language to the neursvience of social perception,

Tacaries focusing on the evolution of laughter point it as an important adaptation for social
communication. Take, for example, ih recorded laughter in 1 V comedy shows. Back in 1950
US sound engineer Charley Douglas hated dealing with the unprodictuble uughter of

audiences o started recording his ova "hu tacks’ These were intended to help people at
home fe! like they were in a social situation, such asa crowded theatre. D en recorded
‘various types of laughter ns well as mistres of later fom men, women, and children. In
doing so, he pieked up on a quality of laughter that is now intresting researchers: a simple haa
‘communicate a remarkable amount of socially relevant information

In one study conducted in 2016, samples of laughter from pair of English-speaking students
were recorded atthe University of California, Santa Cruz. A team ma than 30
psychological scientists, anıhropologits, and biologists th dings to listers
rom 24 diverse societies, from indigenous tribes in New Guinea co cty-dwellers in India and
Europe. Participan were asked whether they thought te peuple laughing were friends or
strange, On average, the results were remarkably consistent: worldwide, people's guesses were
corel approximately 60% of thet

Researchers have als found that diferent types of laughter serve a codes to complex human
social hierarchies, team led by Christopher Ovcis fom the University of California, San
Diego, found thet high-status individuals had diferent laughs from low status individuals, and
that srangers jugements of an individual social sans Were inflenced by the dominant or
ibmissive quality of their langer In ther study 48 male college students were randomly
assigned to groups of fou, with each group composed of two low-staus members, who had just
joined their college fatersity group, and wo high-status members, older students who had been
active inthe raternity fora east two years. Laughter was recorded as cach stent tol a tum
at being teased by the others, volving the uso of mildly insulting nicknames. Analysis revealed
hat, as expected, high-stals individuals produced more dominant laughs and fewer submiss
Taugls relative 6 (he low stats individuals. Meanwhile, low-stats individual were more likely
to change thei laughter based on their position of power; thts, Ihe newcomers produced more

44

Test 2

Questions 27-31
Choose the correct letter, A, B, Cor.
Wite the correct letter in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet

27. When refering to laughter inthe first paragraph, the writer emphasises

A ts impact on language
B fs function in human culture
© is value to scientific research.
D is universality in animal societies.

What does the writer suggest about Charley Douglass?

A He understood the importance of enjoying humour in a group selling
B Hebolleved that TV viewers al home needed to be told when lo laugh.

© He wanted his shows to appeal to audiences across the social spectrum.
D He preferred shows where audiences were present in the recording studio,

Wat makes the Santa Cruz study particularly significant?

A the various different types of laughter that were studied
B the similar results produced by e wide range of cultures
© the number of diferent academic disciplines involved

D the many kinds of people whose laughter was recorded

Which of the folowing happened in the San Diego study?

A Some participants became very upset.
B Particiants exchanged roles.

© Paricpants who had not met before became friends.
D Some participants were unable to laugh.

In the fin paragraph, what did the results of the San Diego study suggest?

A his clear whether a dominant laugh is produced by a high- or low-status
person,
Low.status individuals in a position of power wil til produce submissive
laughs
The submissive laughs of low and high-status individuals are surprisingly
similar.
High-staus individuals can always be identified by their way of laughing,

Tost 2

Questions 37-40

Do the following statements agree with the claims ofthe write in Reading Passage 3?

In boxes 37-40 on your answer sheet, write

he statement agrees with the claims ofthe weiter
no ifthe statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN ¡litis impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

Participants in the Santa Cruz study were more accurate at identiing the laug
friends than those of strangers.

‘The researchers in the San Diego study were correct in their predictions regarding
haviour ofthe high-status individuals
the Australian National University study were given a fixed
time to complete the task focusing on employee profles.

and Wang's conclusions were inline with established notions regarding task

WRITING TASK 1

The graph below shows the number of tourists visiting a particular Caribbean
island between 2010 and 2017.

‘Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and |
make comparisons whore relevant

Number of tourists visiting a Caribbean island (2010-2017)

Test 2
WRITING TASK 2
You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

In the future, nobody will buy printed newspapers or books because they will be
able to road everything thay want online without paying.

To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant

least 250 words

PART

EXAMPLE

useful will English ba to you in your future? [Why/Why not?)

Describe a website that you bought something from. | You vil h

PART 1 Questions 1-10
Complete the notes below.

Write ONE WORD ANDIOR A NUMBER for ea

Employment Agency: Possible Jobs

First Job
ve assistant in a company thal produces 1

Responsibilities
data entry

+ golor and take notes

+ general admin

+ management of 3
Requirements

+ good computer sis including spreadsheets
‘+ good interpersonal skills

+ attention to 4

Experience

+ need a minimum of 5 of experience of teleconferencing

Test 3

PART 2 Questions 11-20
Questions 11-16

Choose the conect letter, A, B or €.

Street Play Scheme
When did the Street Play Scheme frs take place?
A two years ago
B three years ago
© six years ago
How often is Beechwood Road closed to traffic no
A once a week
B on Saturdays and Sundays
© once a month
Whois responsible for closing the road?
A council offical
B the police
© local wardens
Residents who want to use their cars
A have to park in another street.
B must drive very slow.
€ need permission from a warden.

Alice says that Street Play Schemes aro most needed in

‘A wealthy areas.
B quiet suburoan areas.
© areas with heavy trafo

What has been the reaction of residents who are not parents?

A Many of them were unhappy at fst.
B They Ike seeing chidren play in Ihe street.
© They are surprised by the lack of noise.

0088 TWO leters, A

TWO resulls of the King Street experimen

PART 3 Questions 21-30
Questions 21-26
Complete the notes below.

White ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.

What Hazel should analyse about items in newspapers:
+ what 21 the item is or
the 22 cof the item, including the headline
any 23 accompanying te item
the 26 ofthe tem, e. what's made prominent

the writers main 25

the 26 the writer may make about the reader

Questions 27-30
‘What does Hazel decide to do about each of the following types of articles?

White the correct letter, A, B or C, next to Questions 27-30,
À She wil definitely ook for suitable article,
B She may look for a sutable arte.

© She definitely wont look for an article.

‘Types of articles.
national news item
editorial

human interest

ans

(07.12) Bp.

PART Questions 31

ONE WORD ONLY o

arly history of keeping clean

Ancient Germany and Gaul:

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 below.

Henry Moore (1898-1986)

The British sculptor Henry Moore was a leading figure
in the 20th-century art world

y Moore was born in Catford, a small town near Leas in Ihe nurh of England. He
was the seventh child of Raymond Moore und his wife Mary Baker, He studied at Castlefor
Grammar School from 1909 to 1915, were his caly interest in art was encouraged by his teacher
Alice Gosick. Aller leaving school, Moore hoped to become a seulpte, but instead he complied
with his father's wich that he train as a schoolteacher. Le had to abandon his training in 1917
when he was sent io Franc to fight inthe First World War

After the war, Moore enrolled ut die Leeds School of Ant, where he studied for two years. In his

First yest, he spent most of his time drawing. Although he wanted to study seupture, no cacher

ves appoiated until his second year At the end ofthat year, he passed the sculpture examination

and was awarded a scholarship tothe Royal College of Art in London. In September 1921, he
wed to London and began three years of advanced study in sculpture

side the instruction he received at the Royal College, Moore visited many ofthe London

ums, particularly the British Museum, which had a wide-ranging collection of ancient
‘Sculpture. During these visits, he discovered the power and beauty of encien Egyptian und
African sulptue, Ashe became increasingly intrested in these “primitive” forms of at he
‘turned away from European sclptural tradition.

Aer graduating, Moore speat the ist six months of 1925 travelling in France. When he visited
“Trocadero Museum in Paris, he was impressed by a cast of a Mayan’ sculpture ofthe rain
spirit was a male reclining figure with ts knees draw up together, end is head ata ight angle

(ois body. Moore became fascinated with this sone sculpture, which he thought hada pow
snd originality that no other stone seulpure possessed, He himself started carving a variety of
Subjects in stone, including depictions of reclining women, motherand-<hild groups, and masks

Moore exceptional talent soon gained recognition, and in 1926 he started work as a sculpture
inswuctort the Royal Colles, In 1933, he became a member ofa

Unit One, The aim of he group was to Convince the English public of

international movement in modern art and architecture

58

Test

Questions 1-7

Do the folowing statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?

boxes 1-7 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE ifthe statement agrees wih the information
FALSE | ifthe statement contradicts Ihe information
NOT GIVEN if there is no information on this

(On leaving school, Moore did what his tato
Moore began studying sculpture in his frst

When Moore started at the Royal College of Art, ls
sculpture was excellent

Moore became aware of ancient sculpture as a result of visting London museums.
‘The Trocadero Museum's Mayan sculpture attracted a lol of public interes:

Moore thought the Mayan sculpture was similar in certain respects io other stone
sculptures,

The artists who belonged to Unit One wanted to make modern art and architecture
more popular.

Moore's career as an artist

10

nze figures marks

fost 3

READING PASSAGE 2
You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which aro based on Reading
Passage 2 on pagos 63 and 64

Questions 14-20

Reading Passage 2 has seven sections, A-G.

Choose the correct heading foreach section rom the ist of headings below

Write the correct number, i-x, in boxes 14-20 on your answer sheet

List of Headings

Getting the finance for production

‘An unexpected benefit

From inital inspiration to new product

‘The range of potential customers for the device

Wat makes the device diferent rom alternatives
from a range of sources

Overcoming production difficulties

Profit not the primary goal

A warm welcome for the device

‘The numbor of people affected by water shortages

sion A
Section B
Section ©
Section D
Section E
Section F

Section 6

he Desolenator: producing

Test

E

The device is aimed atu wide variety of users from homeowners in the developing
world who do not have a constant supply of water to people living off the grid in
rural parts of the US. The first commercial versions ofthe Desolenator arc expected
to be in operation in India early next year, after field ests are carried out. The market
for the self sufficient devices in developing counties is twofold — those who cannot
afford the money for the device outright and pay through microfinance, and middle»
income homes that can lease their own equipment. "People in India don't pay for a
I; they pay for it over six months. hey would put the Desolenator on
¿Cup o their municipal supply and they would get very reliable
en says, In the developed world, itis aimed
At niche markets where tap water is unavailable - for camping, on boats, or forthe
military, for instance.

Prices will vary according to where itis bought Inthe developing world, the price
will depend on what deal aid organisations can ncgotiste. In developed countries, it
is likely to come in at $1,000 (£685) a unit, said Janssen, "We are a venture with a

al mission. We are aware that the product we have envisioned is mainly finding
application inthe developing world and humanitarian sector and that this isthe way
we will prosced. We do realise, though, that to be a viable company there is a bottom
Tine to keep in mind: he says.

‘The company itset is based at Imperial College London, although Janssen, its chief
executive lil lives in the UAE. It has raised £340,000 in funding so far. Within two
years, he says, the company sims to be selling 1,000 wnits a month, mainly in the
inumanitarian field. They are expected to be sold in arcas such as Australia, northern
Chile, Peru, Texas and California.

59 ONE WORD ONLY

How the Desolenator works

quires 26

Testa

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minules on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 below.

Why fairy tales are really scary tales

Some people think that fairy tales are just stories to amuse children, but thelr
universal and enduring appeal may be due to more serious reasons

other fairy als but the same story len tes a variety of forms

paris of the world. In the story of Lie Red Riding Howd tha European children are
familiar with, a young gil on the way to see her grandmother mets a wolf and tells him where
she is going. The wot runs un ahend and disposes ofthe grandmother, then ges into bed dressed
in the grandimother’ clothes to wait for Lie Red Riding Hood. You may thnk you know the
story but which version? In some versions, the wolf swallows up the grandmother, while in
Others it looks her ina cupboard, In some sores Red Riding Hood gets Ihe bete of the wolf on
her ov, while in others 3 hunter or a vioodcuttr hears her cres and comes to her rescue.

“The universal appeal ofthese tales is Srequentlyatrbted tothe idea that they contain cautionary
nessages: in the case of Litle Red Riding Hood, o sten o your mother, and avoid talking
fo strangers. ‘lt might be what we find interesting about thie story is thal LS got this survival
Jevant information int says anthropologist Jamie Tekrani at Durham University inthe UK.
[But his research suggests otherwise. "We have this huge gap in our knowledge about the history
and prehistory of storytelling, despite the fact that we know this genre is an incredibly ancient
‘one, he sys, That hasn't stopped anthropologist, flkloriss” and other academics devsin

teories to explain he importance of Fairy tales in human society. Now Ichrani has found a way
to test these ideas, bovin a technique from evolutionary biologist.

Lo work out the evolutionary history, development and relationships among groups of organisms,
biologists compare the characteristics of living species in a process called ‘phylogenetic analysis
Tora has used the same approach to compare related versions of fairy tales to discover how
they have evolved and which elem

tebranis analysis focused on Litle Red Riding Hood in is many forms, which include another
Western fairy le knowa as The Wo end the Kids. Checking fr variants ofthese two cales und
similar stories from Africa, Fast Asia and other regions, he ended up with 58 stories recorded
fom oral raditons, Once his phylogenetic analysis had established that hey were indeed related,
he used the seme methods to explore how they have developed and altered over time

First he ted some ssumptions about which aspects ofthe story alter least sit evolves, indican
{Meir importance. Folkorisi believe that what happens in a story is more centra to the story
than the characters init hat visting a relative, only to be met by scary animal in disguise, is

sca a ty

66

Test 3

Questions 27-31

Complete each sentence with the correct ending, A-F, below.

White the correct alte, A-F, in boxes 27-31 on your answer shoot

2
2
2
30
a

In fry tales, details ofthe plot
‘Tehran rejects the idea that the useful lessons for life in fay teles
Various theories about the social significance of flr

Insights into the development of fairy ales

All the fairy tales analysed by Tehrani

may be provided through methods used in biological researc
are the reason for their survival

show considerable global

contain animals which transform lo become humans,

were originally spoken rather than wien,

have been developed without factual basis.

Phylogenetic analysis of Little Red Riding Hood

1826 techniques from evolution

vost 33

Test 3

Questions 37-40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.
Wire the correct latter in boxes 37-40 on your answer shoot

37. What method did Jamie Tehrani use to test his ideas about fay tales?

He compared oral and written forms ofthe same stories.
He looked al many diferent forms ofthe same basic story.

He looked al unrelated stories from many diferent countries.

He contrasted the development of fairy tales with that of living creatures.

When discussing Tehranis views, Jack Zipes suggests that

Tehrani ignores key changes inthe role of women.
stories which are too homifc are not always taken seriously
Tehrani overemphaeises the importance of violence in stories.
features of stories only survive i they have a deeper significance

Why does Tehrani refer to Chinese and Japanese fairy tales?

A toindicate that Jack Zipes' theory Is incorrect
8 ‚gest that crime Is a global problem

€ toimplytnat all acy tales have a similar meaning
D to add more evidence for Jack Zipes' ideas

What does Mathias Clasen belleve about fairy tales?

They are a sale way of leaming to deal with ear.
They are a type of entertainment that some people avotd.
‘They reflect the changing values of our society.

‘They reduce our ability to deal with real-world problems.

ows how instant noodles are manufactu

Manufacturing instant noodles |

Test 3

WRITING TASK 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the folowing topic:

Some people say that advertising Is extremely successful at persuading us
to buy things. Other people think that advertising is so common that we no
longer pay attention to it

Discuss both these views and give your own opinion.

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your own
knowledge or experience,

Vite al least 250 words.

PART 1

PART 2
Describe a famous business person that you know
about,

You should say:
who this person is.
what kind of business this person Is Involved in
what you know about this business person

and oxplain what you think ofthis business person.

PART 3
Discussion toples.

mous people to

ul whal you

LISTENING

PART 1 Questions 1-10

Complete the form boiow.

White ONE WORD ANDIOR A NUMBER for each answer.

Customer Satisfaction Survey

Customer details

Name: Sophie Bird
Occupation: 1

Reason for travel tosay: 2

Journey information
Name of station retuming to 3

Type of lcket purchased: standard 4. ticket
Cost of ticket: se

When ticket was purchased yesterday

Where ticket was bought 6

Satisfaction with Journey
Most satisfied with: the wit

Least satisfied wih te. this moming

Satisfaction with station facilities.

Most satisfied with: how much 8
provided

Least satisfied wit lack of seats, particularly on the
9

Neither satisfied nor dissatisfied with: the 10 available

74

>. Gen

PART 2 Questions 11-20

Test 4

Questions 17 and 18

Choose TWO letters, A-E.

What does the speaker say about the adventure playground?

A. Children must be supervised
B Itcosts more in winter

© Some actives are only for younger children.
D No payment is required,

E Itwas recently expanded.

Question
Choose TWO le
the speaker say about the glass houses?

They are closed at weekends.
Volunteers are needed to work there,

‘They were badly damaged by fre.

More money is needed to repair some of the glass.
Visitors can ses palm trees from tropical regions.

Test 4

Questions 25-30
Who is going to do research into each topic?

White the correct letter, A, B or €, next to Questions 25-30.

People
A Annie
B Jak
© both Annie and Jack
Topics
‘the goods that are refrigerated
the effects on health
the Impact on food producers

the impact on cites

igerated transport

domestic fridges

How the Ir

19th century

dy changed Ive

MAIN AREAS OF CHANGE
Manufacturing

READING PASSAGE 1

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 1-13, which are based on Reading
Passage 1 below

‘The return of the huarango

The arid valleys of southern Peru are welcoming
the retum of a native plant

“The south const of Peru is a arrow, 2,000-kilometre long strip of desert squeczed between th
Andes and the Pacific Ocean, Its lso one ofthe most fragile ecosystms on Earth, It hardly ever
eins there, and the only yeur-round source of water is located tens of metres below the surface
his is why Inc huarargo te i o sited o life there: us Ihe longest roots of any tree in the

ld They stretch down 50-80 metres and, as well as sucking up water forthe tee, cy brn
inte tic higher subsoil, creating a water sour for other plant lie

Dr David Beresford-lones,urchacobotanist at Cambridge University, has been studying the role
ofthe huarango tos in landscape change in the Lower lea Valley in southern Pera, He believes
the huarango was key to the ancient people dit and because it could reach deep water sous,
¡allowed local people to withstand years of drought when their other crops file. But over the
centuries huarango tres were gradually replaced with crops. Cuting down native woodland leads
to erosion, as there is nothing to Keep Ge sol in place. So when the huarangos o, the land tums
into a desert. Nothing grows a ll inthe Lower ea Valley now:

For centuries the huarango tree was vital to the people of the neighbouring Middle ca Val
100. They grew ve rit and ate products mado from is seed pods. Is leaves and bake
‘were used fr herbal remedies, while is branches were used for charecal for cooking and heating,
and trunk was used to build houses. But now ii disappearing rapidly. The majority ofthe
hhuarango forests in the alley have already been cleared fr fuel und agriculture ~ initial; these
‘wore smallholdings, but now they're huge farms producing crops fo the international market,

“Of he forests that were here 1,000 years ago, 99 per cent have already gone; says botanist ON
Whaley from Kew Gardens in London, who together with ethnobotunst De Y
is running a pionecring projet to protect and restore the rapidly disappearing habitat. In or
"Whaley needs to get the local people on board, and that has meant overeoming le
ion communities thnk that if you plant food trees in your home
and still ned to grow your own food” he says. In order o stop
ley going the sume way as the Lower Tea Vall
uarangos again. JUS a process of cultural resuscitation, he says, He has already set
jo festival lo reinstate a sense of pride in (hir cco-heitae, and as helped local

so

Tost 4

Questions 1-5
Complete the notes below.
Choose ONE WORD ONLY from the passage for each answer

Write your answers in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

The importance of the huarango tree

its roots can extend as far as 80 metres into the si

can access 1 deep below the surface

was a crucial part of local habitants” 2 along time ago
helped people to survive periods of 3

prevents 4 ofthe soil

prevents land from becoming a 5

Questions 6-8
Complete the table below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer

White your answers in boxes 6-8 on your answer shoot.

Traditional uses of the huarango tree

Part of tree | ‘Traditional use

fuel

medicine

TRUE
FALSE
NOT GIVE!

13. Whaley has plan

Test 4

READING PASSAGE 2

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 14-26, which are based on Reading
Passage 2 below.

Silbo Gomero - the whistle ‘language’ of
the Canary Islands

La Gomera is one ofthe Canary Islands situated inthe Atlemis Ocean offihe northwest coast
of Aria. Ths small volcanic island is mountainous, with steep rocky slopes and deep, wooded
vinos, rising lo 187 metes al its highest peak, Ii also home tothe best known ofthe wo
whistle “languages, means of transiting information over long distances which is perfec
adapte ta the extreme terrain of the island

This language’, known as “Silbo" or “ilbo Gomero’ from the Spanish word for ‘whist
is now shodding Fight onthe language processing abilities of the human brain, according to
scientists, Researchers say that Silbe activates pars of the brain normally associated wih spoken
language, suggesting tat the brain is remarkably flexible in ts ability to interpret sounds as

‘Science hus developed the idea of bein areas that are dedicated fo language, and we are starting
to understand the scope of signals that can be recognised as language says David Corina,
co-author ofa recent study and associate profesor of psychology at the Univesity of Washington
in Settle,

Silbo is «substitute for Spanish, with individual words recoded into whistles Which have high
and low-frequency tones. A whistler or slbador - puts a finger in his o her mouth wo increase
the whistle’ pitch, while the other hand canbe cupped 0 adjust te direction of the sound. There
‘is mich more ambiguity inthe whistled signal than in the spoken signal; explains lead researcher
Manuel Careias, psychology professor atthe University of La Laguna on the Canary island of
Tenerife, Because whistled “words can be hard to distinguish, silbadores rely on repetition, as

well as avareness of context, o make themselves understood

he silbadares of Gomera are traditionally shepherds and other isolated mountain (ik, and
their novel means of staying in touch allows them to communicate over distances of upto

10 kilometres. Carias explains hat silbadores ar able to passa suprising amount of
information vi tei whales, In daily fe they use whistles to communicate short commands
but any Spanish sentence could be whistled. Silo has proved particulary useful when fics have
occurred on the island and rapid communication across large areas has been vital,

Tost 4

Questions 14-19

Do the folowing statements agree withthe information given in Reading Passage 2?

In boxes 14-19 on your answer sheet, write

TRUE the statement agrass withthe information
FALSE ‘tthe statamant contradicts the information
NOT GIVEN _ ifthere is no information on this

La Gomera is the most mountainous of al the Canary Islands.
Sibo is only appropriate for short and simple messages.

In the brain-actvi study, slbadores and non-whistlers produced different results,
The Spanish introduced Silbo tothe islands in the 45th century.

There is precise data available regarding al of the whistle languages in

ristonce today,

‘The children of Gomera now learn Silo,

Silbo Gomero

How Silbo is produced

future of Silbo

4

READING PASSAGE 3

You should spend about 20 minutes on Questions 27-40, which are based on Reading
Passage 3 bolow.

Environmental practices of big businesses

“The environmental practices of big businesses are shaped by a fundamental fact that for many of
us offends our sense of justice, Depending on the circumstances, a business may maximize the
amount of money it makes, atleast in the short term, by damaging the environment and hurting
people, Thais sl th case today for fishermen in un unmanaged fishery without quotas, and for
international logging companies with short-term leases on tropical rainforest land in paces with
‘corrupt officals und unsophisticated landowners. When government regulation is effective, und
‘when the public is environmental aware, environmentally clean big busincsscs may ou-compete
‘it ones, but the reverse i kel 10 be Cue if government rogulaion is ineffective and ifthe
publi doesn care

his casy forthe rea of ws to blame a business for helping self hy hurting other people
Bu blaming alone is likely to produce change. It ignores the fact that businesses ate not
charities but profit making companies, and that publicly ond companies with hareholders
are under obligation to those shareholders to maximize profil, provided tat they do so by
legal means. US laws make a company director legally liable for something termed "bres

of fiduciary responsibility” if they knowingly manage a company in a way that reduces profits
The ear manufacturer Henry Ford was in fct succesfully sued hy shareholders in 1919 for
raising the minimum wage of his workers o $5 per day: the courts dcclred na, while Fords
humanitaran sentiments about his employees were nic, his business existed to make pros for
its stockholder

Our blaming of businesses also ignores the ultimate responsibilty of the public for creating the
conditions that e a business prof through destrutive environmental policies. Inthe long
isthe public, either directly ar throach ts politians, that as the power to make such dest
policies unprofitable and illegal, and to make sustainable environmental polices profitable,

The public can do that by suing businesses for harming them, as happened after the Exxon Valdez

(iss, in which over 40,000:n* of oil were spilled ofthe coast of Alaska. The public may also

ke thee opinion fet by refering to buy susairab harvesed products; by making employees

‘of companies with poor tac records feel ashamed oftheir company and complain o their own

management; by preferring their governments to award valuable contracts o businesses with a

006 environmental tack rocord; and by pressing thelr governments o pass and enfore laws and
lations requiring good environmental practices

Test 4

Questions 27-31
Complete the summary using the list of words, AJ, blow

Write the correct eter, AJ, in boxes 27-31 on your answer sheet

Big businesses

Many big businesses today are prepared lo harm people and the environment in
‘order to make money, and they appear lo have no 27. Lack of
28 by governments and lack of public 29 can
lead to environmental problems such as 30 or the destruction of

st

A funding B trees rare species
D moralstandards E conto involvement
6 ing H overfishing ‘worker support

8
a

B

€

Meal pa
Af
Meal pac

fast

00d company f

d supplying ha

ded the government

the env

Test 4

Questions 35-39
Do the folowing statements agree with the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 3?
In boxes 35-39 on your answer sheet, write

Yes i tho statement agrecs with tho claims ofthe writer

NO ithe statoment contradicts the claims ofthe writer
NOT GIVEN its Impossible to say what the writer thinks about this

The public should be prepared to und good environmental practices,
“There is a contrast between the moral principles of different businesses,

Itis important to make a clear distinction between acceptable and unacceptable
behaviour.

‘The public have successfully influenced businesses inthe past

In the future, businesses wil show more concem for the environment.

Question 40
Choose the correct letter, A, B, C or D.

Wit the correct latter In box 40 on your a

40 Wat would be the best subheading for this

A Will the world survive the threat caused by big businesses?
B How can big businesses be encouraged to be less driven by profit?

C What environmental dangers are caused by the greed of businesses?

D Are big businesses lo blame for he damage they cause the environment?

WRITING TASK 1

ut 20 minutes on ths task,

The chart below shows what Anthropology graduates from one university
did after finishing their undergraduate degree course. The table shows the

salaries of the anthropologists in work after five years.

Summarise the information by solecting and reporting the main features, and
make comparisons where relevant
Write atleast 150 we

Destination of Anthropology graduates (from one university)

Tost 4
WRITING TASK 2

You should spend about 40 minutes on this task

Write about the following topic:

In some cultures, children are often told that they can achieve anything if they
try hard enough.

What are the advantages and disadvantages of giving children this message?

Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant examples from your ow
knowledge or experience.

White atleast 250 words.

su >[%p.137]

PART 1

EXAMPLE
wollory

oH

+ What type of jewellery do you Ike

+ When do people like Io give j
+ Have you ever given jewel

PART 2

Describe an interesting TV programme you watched
about a science topic:

You should say:
what sclence topic this TV programme was
about
when you saw this TV programme
what you learnt from this TV programme
about a science topic

and explain why you found thie TV pro

Interesting

PART 3

Discussion toples:

Science and the public

Audioscripts

PART 1

96

Helo Wier. Tiss Amber you sto phone want to get more
Intonation about the Jed agersy you montones. new a 9008 time?

ON H Amber ves. Fine, So the agony was ing abou cad Bankside —
theyre based in Docleends can te you the acerese now 47 Eesti

(OK thanks. Sol thee anyone in pare | should speak to ere?

Tre agent! lay deal win als Becky Jamieson,
Lote wre that dorm Be)

Yes Kin my contacts somewhere = ight ere we ae: 078 double 6,510 tle
3 out cal her un ne aaron I were you~ she's always ely busy In
io momng nig t last vacances. Shas oaly hell and end 30
Tim sure à voué be worth geting th wth hor or an ioral chat

Ive many clerical and aemin jos they doa wih, ant

rate ght now Youre hoping Lo da ime job in he ea eventually
ut Becky mosty ser lemporay sal for a france sector = wich wil ook
{00d on your CY = an general pays botar 100
Jah Tm juste bi worned oscars con have much ace exporonce
[would om Toy probably ia you as à reception or something ike
that Se what import or hat kd ooo ln 20 much Heng busines ls
‘or knowing 15 ul ira computer systems — fa comicos at aly
matters 2 vod be na there. And You pk up alice sls ral qu on
tho ob. no that comoleate,

(Ok good. So how long do people geraraay noo temporary staf fr? wow be
great? cole get something asing a ast a mont

That sudo Be too eut But you mer Mei! bs ofred someting for
‘inal et frat which might get exondod, N unusual tobe som somewhere for
justa day arte.
Fight ve hear to pay in 100 ba batir than working Ina shop ora

Oh yes deftly. To hour rte about £10, 11 if you're act
‘Tras prety good was ony expecting o get sgh of rine pours an hou.

Do you want mo 1 tel you anything aut the relation process
Yes: please | know you have to have an interview.

The ler usualy ies abou an nor nd you shoul arrange thal about a
TSuppose | novi dress smart I for fic work - can probably boro a
‘Good idea rs star to look 100 sa han to casual

Vi need to bing coses of my exam cercas or anything tke tha?
No = ey dent need see lose don think

Audioseripts

pavtamant,caliad Tynwak.' lim thet his isthe works idos! parament that's i
functioning, and na aloe beck to 979. However, ho art sui referee I tis
‘tom 1422, so perhaps I an quo as ol 6 Llena!

Day tee we have a oo rs mountain Snaoal. This bague with allure io along
the promenade In Dougie in a hor drawn ram. Then you board an let ain whlch
takes you 1 he fishin vago of Lay. From tere is an cshticiometr don the Sraetel
Mountain Relay 1 19 Lunch wil o in o at, ging you spectacular views one

Day fours re for oso expr, sing the pass which we gio you. So you wont have to
pay or ave on cal anspor o or ntranes te Ie Sara's nego ss, Or you might
tet want ato aa in Douglas and pemaps doa ile ight Shop

“The ast ul day, day fe sor some people he bight of the hay, wa id on
{ho am ray fom Douglas to Por Era. After some Im lo explore, a coach wl ako
you to te heaciand that ovraok the Calc Man, a ma land jus if In coat From
tare you conte to Castletown, which used Lo boto ea ofthe eo of Man, and ie

‘Andon ay si its bac othe fry ~ othe amor you ene tothe land = and te o go

PART 3

umd, how ae you geting on wth he reading fr our presentation next we?
m Via OK, Ruh buttneres 0 much ot
im noi bet realised Ben oder was such a pul area of soar

wo ‘But ho sun ath order an persanliy is many viable From nat Ivo
‘eon reacing aot of te lima sbout how your positon Iv family determines
(Cain personaly ta are just stereotypes, wih no robust evidence to suppor
‘Ok, bul thas an interesting pin wo ould ta by utining wha previous
research has shown, Tere aro sus gong back ver a hundred years
"Yeon 20 wo cul just rn dough somo of he pal ais, ie he
‘conserve seams obo that cis! chides ara general less welkadjusted
because they never gat over the aval of à younger sing
Rent but on a postive roa, some ses caine the! hey war hough
a co a nuda = cay in he pas wen people hod ara fois thay.
woul have been expecta a ok aer Ine younger ones
{Toro nt sucha clea plete for ml ehren ut ono a that a lat of
the skies mention sha hey are easier to got ov wih han ldo younger
sbings
Gararaly engor o lons an hola albough thats carla nl accurate as
fares my famiy goes my mide brone was a ighimare~ Haye CU
igh ad envious of whatever had
AB sad non ofthe seems 1 eto to my own experince. Im te youngest
in my my and don trecogniee myeelIn ay ofthe sus Iva ead ab. in
suppose to have bean a aaa an confident che who made senda casi
et was asta tery sy.

rum Rosy? Thats funn. Tere have been hundreds o studies on tins bul ratty
about nurture versus nature

se

Audioseriots

ight, ehe eucalyptus tre san important ee fr eso easons. For xamplo, i gives
{hale to cates tke De anc bat, nd ose and oer specs ls depend on or
food para the nectar rom ts Towers. So uppers bier I sell 1 us
humans loo, because we can Kl germs wi a disinfect made ram extracted for
caps ‘eaves,

The eucaypvs grows al aver Ausra und Ino es con ve for up cur hundred years
So rs alamng tate! across Ihe court mambersofeuealytus ar ling bacause the
toes are ing o prematurely So what ar tho reasons fr is?

{One posible reason i disease As ar back a 10 1970 the traes stares gating a disease
fled Manilla elos, The res lens wots gradual tam ye, ree vould
de. ras 2004 tat hay found th causa of De proem was ine, cam
monde ge te proper chemical name. when vas boing Use inthe construcion

nds, Tho la was Deng washed auay ino the ground and affecting the roots of the
ap ree oaroy What twee doing was reverting Ne Los rm susan up the rr
toy needed for heathy growth, When ths was jected back no o altos tees, hay
immediately recover.

ut problem any afecte relatively ema nimber ol was 82009, huge rumors
of eucalyptus were dying slong Astras Eas Const of à deeate known as Belkmner
Assoctted Die buck The bel mer sac, and the nasa soars 1 Be commen Where
thor oe high populations bell miners. Again te tn leaves o In Woes that are afectos
Wat hoopenss inc ste on th leaves and sel hak we roun Ver, destina
thom a bey go, an a ho rama lima thy screo a sluton wich has sugar ini. The bol
minor de ray Ik thi tuo, and inorder 1 elas much as possible they koop away
Ohr creatures Hat mighty lo get Se these Bs and secs ur a the expense of
‘ior space and eventual o much damage done othe leaves tl no too die

Butoxpons say tha tees can star loking ic belor any sgt Bab min Associated Die
back Soi oaks as the problem nigh have anther expanaton. One possibly i tht ts
too wth the huge Buse tat we have in Australi A heey proposed ove 40 years 290
by ecologist Wien Jackson i hat the foqueney of buses I a parer region afecta
the pe of wagotaion thal grows toe. Fare ae very roquet bushes in region, his
tneaarogos gras o row anwar ia the bushes ae rather less freuen! i
Fosa nha growth of eucalyptus frets,

So wy sn? Why di raquo bushfres actualy suppor the gro of calls?
Wal ona reason nat the fre ops the grow of eer spaces wich woul consumo
star needed by eucalplvs ees. And Ihres another resson. uso ahr quick rong
species of Bushes and pans are loves 1 poll, ey harn ho ua pue In ano
way, by afecing he eompesion of ho sol, en romoving ments rom So some
bushfires are actualy eacental forthe earalypus Lo survive as long as thay are nat oo
frequent infact Ines evidence thet Austral indgeaour pooplapactad regular uring
(of buh ar for thousonds of yrs ere In arrival of he European,

Bu since Europes ad on he continent the number of bushes has been ety
one Now acetals ela that ha raducos Feuer of bushes Lo lo level has
feo wh’ kn ag rantrant, which ssema an Ode name as usualy wo escociate
vopical cafres! wath wet condition. And whats space about Vis yoo of aos? Wal,
ini tropcal rainforest weni a ich costa dis ype of ocomla f oval slo
‘one. kins vor thik, dense vegeta, but nat much vey of epoies

races kts «Shade, so one speces tet does nd el sho blk bie wich
cst ag nthe unergrowen ter. ul again rats nol help for to evayplus re,

100

Audioserpts

Oh why’ tha?
Because k iwotves caen - paripant wil be mating oye out fo, 9
there boa lt of sharp elle and other tons around

makes conse to kanp chicren away tom i

Exactly Now la ma tl you about somo ofthe outdoor actes. There be
Supontcee wid swimming.

Viewing? Whats a?

Rue mare swiming In natural waters, aer han a swimming poo

(Oh OK Ina a, for instance.

‘Yes, Moro a beaut one just outside the town, nd hae the venue fo he
Swimming. There be leguords on ty, ss alae lor a agas. And fal
there be a walkin some nearby woode every day The leader le a exper on
insects. el show somo ha ef ba woods, and os portant ey aro or
the emironmant So there ar gang tobe al srs of fran tings to o during
There certainty ae

youd ke to rad about Row te proparatons forte festival are going the
fetal gane epg 3a, m seach ne fh exe waa
Wal, hank you vary much ral the information

Goodby,

PART 2

cun Im very pleased to welcome tis evenings quest spaaker Mark Logan
hc gogo us abou the econ wansfomation ef Mince Park Over
Lo you Mark
Thank yeu. muro you tar th Mester Park. been a feature ot
the ely for wl over a canluny, and has bean tho esponsilty ofthe cy coun
{or most ofthat me. What perhaps ln o wellknown she ori f the park:
unse many pubic sak tal stars orale ones, ns Ihe garen a a
larga tous lo Islan, Mester vias somo waste and whit: on ing.
nat sa planto sn lowers in 1802 Is unten Who actualy omnes
the land and is weer sele unl 20 yours aor, on tne cour ook
possession of

‘You may have natead In eat near one o th etrencez. ts of Diane
Gosforth, who played a hey role in Ihe toy e park Ono the council

had became ts ga omar planes o sel lr fr housing, Many lea
sale wanted lo rai apace tra everyone cout go lo, o roy Le rest
Ar and natural envrorment~remembor tho parc in a donsoly populates
Fosidental ere, Dane Goafoch az 9025 ose people and she organic.
ali and demonstrallna, wn even mada the sume change ls mind
‘bout the fore ote land,

‘Soon fer tis the First Word Wr broke out à 1014, and most fine park was
1809 un ane pants with vegas, wich were 0 locally Lone singe the
lary considered hing lover fr roop encre and got a ar a contacting
tha ay couned then deeded Ine park wae too smal fo be of uso, Tero were
‘sional pate meotings during the war, an are that had beer reine
gras.

Audioscripts

No, entirely up o us. sugges just using Chas Dickens
Thats «good idee. Most poopie have head o hi, and have Dry read.

ama th novel, or soon ms based on hor, eo a's a good aan te
Exact. And his nomas show Io avd condone Ibal mas oca hed I n.

hey he wants i sex people ni dog something aba
xd ho do any campaigning, ther han wring?

Yes, he campaign for aducalon and her social reforms, and gave ts, bt
intime to gror tat and fous on e noves.

Yes. Tagen,

(OK. 80 now shall we think about a lpi inked o each nove?
Yes. ve printed outa sto! Dickens novels inthe order hay wer published, in
the hope you's agree lo oc on in!
Youre way | dd ogro! Lats have aloo. OK, tha rs was Th Pick
Popors, published in 18%, I wat ory succassu when came out, was

2 os adap forthe facie sigh away.

hot'sanintereeting point though, tat here's a haraci who keeps fling
Alan, and that medica condi was named afer Ie book = Pickwekan.
Syndeme
Oh. 20 why don't we use thal as Ih ope nd incudo somo quelo rom no
Fight. Next Olver Ts. There's tin Ihe nove! shout power maybe
someting lass obvious
Wal Overs tought how fo sal, is? Vie could us tat outa the fet
thet yey few chron ero echo panic nl po irn. so thay ear,
Maybe fisholas Nicky. Acta e taught in ray el schoo. én he?
That ight. But here's alo te comaany fusing actors hat Niels jis.
aco someting on hate a het amuses te ee dor
want oy bad tings, dove?
ox
iat about Martin Chuzzlew? He goes othe USA, doesn’ he?
Yes, and Dickens himself ha been oro a oar boro, and draw on his.
sexoatience there inthe nova
Forder though The main emo is selishness, o we could do something on
008 juste? No, oo genera, lets Koop to your Kaa hinkt would werk wel
Fo wrote Blok House next „nat my favourte of hie roves
Yes, ina to, His ste athe legal stom rot power.
That ue, ut hin abot Ester tha none Asa ld se Ive mi someone
a donsn now i ha aunt o treats ha very bad. Then she's vty nebo
{veg ath har cuaréan, an be puts nec charge ofthe household And aho.
ans sha gets maried and nec guardan gives her an hac husband a hau,
ae OA MALE an
at salle take next? Lite Dor? Old Mr Don has boon in debes prison
for years
So was Dickens's father, wasnt he?

029024

291024

re wood sinc et on

Auchoscripts

There was ao an ational native hat had not been original planed, but wich became
à corral feature of tho programa, Th was hen farmers eared 1 ig holes or tan in
tha fenced-of aras and to fi thes wth water and use them fr broedng ah an important
Source of poli. era imo, another suggeston was made by local people wich had:
boon pat of he programme's orignal proposal but wich was als acople aer on. They
edad Toy soting up colonies of hes, which woul proce honey both rth own

So whet lessons cn be arnes fom tis programme? Ft ll, Los us that in dy

tii regions thee 000881 a relia sous of water, thee is great potential forthe
‘opment tagte, in Chicualcual, thre wos a marked improvement agua
production wis mproved food security and beneed local people by prong them Wh
both food and incom, However, ie Important et ral etn or each phase o the
Programme, ecpacaly forts das, as mistakes mado a is sage may bo hard correct
Intron

Tho programme demonstrates ha sustainable development posse In ere where

Audioscrpts

¡So as far as th rsponsibitis fr he positon go, they wart somoora whe can
manage the ecc, obviously, and seo galanes

That shoulé be OX. Youve gotta keep ack of stuf, ut ve abways been quite
0d with numbers.

Good. hats thi frat oqutement And they want somsone who's computer
Hat, wich we Know you re

‘Then they mention ergenisubena skis. Tey want someone who's we
organise

Yen hin am

‘Yes, they go logethr realy, don hoy?

‘Sore, Then the usual st ey want someone who can communicate wal both
ral and n wring,

(OK. An for va last warehouse Job had, one ofthe things | onayed most was
‘boing part ofa aa, found tat was real essential oro Jo

Excel. Yes, they do mention thal they want someone WG used to ha. os.
[Now wen you were working n warehouse lot tne, wht sorts of ems wore
you desing win?

Iwas mosty balrcom and chen equipment, sinks and stoves an ges
‘Sue, Im quo song. ard Ivo hed the taining.

(Si. No a ra meron Gos ty ton hy var someone sha
And youve go experince of warehouse wor. andthe nal ing they menton
‘Scasiomar svi, nk looking at your CV youre OK there

Fight So whet about pay? Can you tll me abit nore abeur that. peas

PART 2

My guet on tho show toca All ches who strodtne So! Ply Scheme
are she Ives in Bosch Ron. Fr hose oyu ak don load no
‘Sool Pay inves [sal users sig of thst or a Tow hour so

that cren have a chance lo play in the see safely. Sho said tin hor oom
rel, Beechwood Road and the tea caught on and here ae now Stee Play
Schamos allover the cy. So when dd you actual start he schome, Ale?
years ago now = Du ok at last we years of campaigning before we

are acualy able o make happen, She schemais been up and unig foc
Ihr years now, W's ve to be ana te oe out rom fr longer forthe ri
Weekene, for Saturday moring unl Sunday eveing for example. the
moment ka ustonee a week Outen vo started ws ony once a month Bul
re working on

‘So what actually happens when Boochwood Read dosnc?

‘Wie have ylunizer wien. os rons ul soma ale resido loa who
ook ur rad al olor and Te coune have prod special signs ut ere
‘nays avouer Der o asp whats happening o any molorts General,
theyre fine about twee ony ed gt tha plc inveted onca orte.

You moan, because here's a bi deeronce between having ton he ort page
nd o elon of page tn, far stance?

Exact. And tal showe hon import the tor thinks the sory is. Then there's
the size how many column ince the ry is gen, how man) columns it
spreads over

And suppose tat Includes the hai.

À canin does its al part of racing the reader tention.

What about ras whether rea anything vial in aint he text?
Yen, you need o consider those, too, because hy can have a tig et onthe
‘reader's undersianding o! ro storysemobmes a bigger eft ran the text
so. Thon you need Yo look al now the ar put ogee: what Ec 6
À ven? Bar in mind tn many poopl ead beyon the fet paragraph
Sohal hos Ue juralst puta he Dig? And ay, are aro confiing
‘Spins about something, cos one appaar nor the end, where pac

Ard nenpapereeomatines ga wrong or misleading information, dent they?
Eier dal barata or by aczden, Shows | be keting a a, 1007

Yes, you can. Compare whats in feret versions, and as fr as poss

ty ane werk out vate us and wet ion. Ad hat retos o vry portant
point whats the wer pupae, or toga the mot important one hey have
Several may oem o 6 nfo th pubic bu len is nal hoy war lo
rest fea, o contoversy, or moke somebody ook ias

Gosh suba you mean, AT suppose the wer may make aszumplizas
Tha’ righ aboul her know of he subj, het tes, an thelr Tove
«educan wich means wring eo tat ra readers Understand witout feeling
Datvoneec. AN fal wil mata a ciference to how tho sor is presented

Dos matter what typeof story | wie about?
o = national or memelonl polis, the ar. Arig, as long a le cover
In wo or twee newspapers. Though ofcourse ibe easier and more un fk
Something your interested in and know somebing about

oon on poles, 20 ly and sana ae, Wnat you choose fr our
wae Intro in how newspapers expres thar opinion exp, so
‘ad 1 oun aoa dean! paper, bl when Lat ooking. L
‘oul dtm on fhe sama tonic tat a Ike ana Ye

in fat caee L ann aan both les

Sointha and ¡chose a human intere oy à Lil emotional tory about a
‘young gt who was very, andes 6 other poople— many same rad
money so she cou go abroed for rete Acta {was surprised - ome
[Poser us wrote about how wandert everyone was, bul others considered the
rosée pur, Ike wn Westen en vaio hoe

Hem saul find os ike ha se la tong flog ama 0

{vod hat Pepo homes an i oi, bee een: avai 01a in, o
{OK wo! thank tor your al, Tom. i's boon realy useful

Vote welcome, Good cx with te asigrman, Haze!

Audloscepts

Un the 10% century, soap was regarded as a luxury tm, and was heavy ad in
several counties Aci bacame moro ready avala became an everyday necessita
‘evelopment hl wes renforced whan tho high nx na. romorad. Soap vas ten something

Vian Ms widespread usa came the cevelopment of mir soaps for baring ee soaps for use
Ine washing machine that were avala to consumers byte tum othe 200 erry.

Audioscrpts

We, ie the on ha rain. I improved ala. It makes air orme to
work ant,

‘Thats na fest Um today anyone's mentioned tha. I's good to el some poste

feedback on that.

Ars there anything you weren't satiated wt?

Wei, romaly. De rin un on mo and ao pot raliabe but day ther was à

oly: ho tra wae bout 15 minutes bohnd schedule

Vouvo probably noticed tha the we stars boon upgraded. What av you
ink the best thing sra they've improved he asunto rmalion about

train mas at. has gan o parsengara— a much lsrer - before there vas

‘ca onboard and | count always see proper ich wae fusta

‘Tats good. And is hore anything your not sasted wir?

Lote 820. tink ings have general improved a. tin are much

more modem and ke the new cate. But one Pur that thee arent eno

places to st down, especialy on he platos

OK = put seeing down, ana, he ng yoo lest sl wi?

Yoo. OK

Gan nk your opinion about some of heater facies? We'd ike fodback on
whathor people ao sl, sand or ner salad nor decal sad
el sik aac ca ala

Yes. suppose so

OK ana nat Abou?

PART 2

As cha fh ton counel subeormite on park aces, Fe 1 bring you up Lo date on
omo of tho changes thet have bean mace econt 13 ho Cro Valy Pak. So! you could
il he loo atthe map I handed ou. ot begin wih a general overview. So In basic
‘rangement ofthe pork hast changed Wai as Iwo gates, north nd south, and ak in

‘Te café contes o serve an assortment fine and snacks and til inthe same place,
Loing out over te aks and nat to he 0d musas

Were hoping to change te locaton of the oes, and bring them nearer tothe conte of the
park a ay o à box of the way at rase, near he acne playroung, nthe correr of
you map.

‘The foral grcens have been replanted an should be a hir best in mor or two. The
ses be behind he old museum, but weve now used the space near bw ou Que —
baten ng park boundary ane ng pet thet goes pate ak Loose In o meurs
Wo have new outdoor gy for dl end children, whichis rad proving vary popular

Ie by tho los casos, jst eg he pa em the south gate You have oo or

Audioseriots

Is Aeas hare re now plenty of gansations that wi cyte most of
the components say, but of cours soma paie ust dune fa ithe
count

ls hard sae how sey can besicoped unfortunate nthe UK we get of
Lee mien a year alogeihart

‘Tha sounds ant. especialy because ges hardy eue break dou.

‘Thats igh In is cour we Koop domestic Fidges or 1 years on average ard
a ct or 2001 mar. Sol you did In ost by Wo number ef years you can
Tre | suppose manuctrers encourage poop. lo spend mor by making fom
‘ferent colours and designs sure en my parents bau her ge
they hac hardy any hose!

Vez, there's een gut à change

Right lets make a to topic to caver in our presentation, and decido who's
‘cing to do more research on them, Then later, we can get together and plan tho
next step

‘OK. How ebout staring with how useful refigeraion is, and the range of goods
there nave been lots of banafi foo, ike always having access to eth food. Do
you fancy dealing with that?

Tim not lb keen, tobe honest.

Norme. My mind ust goes blank when | read anything about chemicals.

‘Oh, all rot nen do you a far. But you owe me, Jack.

‘OK. What about the elec. on food procuces. Ike fermers in poorer countries
boing able to expo ther produce to developed countries? Something for vou,

1 ink wa shoul leo look at how rfigeration has haped whale cias - ko Las
Vegas, which coulin exist without refigeralon because i's inthe middle of
Fight had a quick lok atan economic book in tha Hrary that’s got a chapter
about this sort of ing. could give you the tite, i you want todo his section.
Not particulary, tobe honest | in economies books rety heavy going, esa
rule.

‘Ok. leave io me. then

Dom orgel rains, loo | read something sbout mik and bute being transported
in rfgeralod rdrosd cars in the USA, right back in tho 18406

Shall wa have a separate section on domi gas? Aer al, thoy'ra
something everyone's familar with

Audioserpts

‘The hrs main ares hat sa changes that conte 10 consumerism was retina
‘Tho number and qully of shops grow api, an in paiulr, emo shops suffered as
customers flocked fo the growing number of paren toros form creta ha
as new nthe 18th canary. The enreprersure who opened these found ew ways o
tock them ain goods, and lo tract customers: fo intance, improved igang Ínido
‘eat increased the visit of the goods or sal. Another development hat mado
foods more vba hom cuela resulted or the use of plate glass, which mace ll
Possible or windats to bo much larger than previously. New ways of promoting goods
Were inteduced, too. Previously the focus hae been on inferming potential customers
about the avalabiiy of goods; now there wes an explosion In adverting tying to
persuade people to o shopping.

Flanders cans tht one of tho roa ets of the Indust! Rovluton wes tal road
comveriences, and belo long thy umad nto acess: He witout sugar or alley was
únimoginablo.Raor ke moble phones thor da

Listening and Reading answer keys

LISTENING

10 Part 3, Questions 21-30

Questions 11-20

Listening and Reading answer keys

READING

Answer key with extra explanations
ES) in Resource bank

Reading Passage 1,
Questions 1-13

22. mileage

23824 WN ETHER ORDER

o
Se 25826 INENHER ORDER

NOT GWEN A

RUE E

aque Reading Passage 3,

Run Questions 27-40

Reading Passage 2,
Questions 14-26

human enor (nique) expeditions
car) sang speared led

Ifyou score

are wil lo oat an atan accept | you are likely to gat an
Becoplabla score ur Score under examination | accoplable score under
‘examination cations and we | condone but w examination eenditane but
recommend that you spend alt | that you ink abou emorbar al iteren
fof tne improving your Engin | mor prace or lessons boloc | nations wil Ind dierent
before you axe ECTS. | you take IETS. scores acceptable.

LISTENING

10 £3, Questions 21-30
21822 R

uestions 11-20

Part 4, Questions 31-40
31 tigation

2 vom

33 Wii)

3 Seed

36

0

Listening and Reading answer keys

READING

‘Answer key with extra explanations

Reading Passage 1,
Questions 1-13

40
n
2
#

trafic
cantegoway
heathy

Reading Passage 2,
Questions 14-26

A
A
(genetic tras

H you score ...

ination consiiens and we
ommand hal you sperd all
prog your Engith

(sulting) a

©

Reading Passage 3,
Questions 27-40

Nor event
ves
NO

you may galan accapablo
core under examination
Écran ou we recommend
tat you ink about having

move practan or lessons Before
you te IELTS,

| copiabe s

Sarnen condone bu
ello wil i erent
es accept.

art 3, Questions 21-30

10. customer

Part 2, Questions 11-20 Part 4, Questions 31-40

a

Listening end Reading answer keys

READING

TER air wih extn espinos
= |

Reading Passage 1,
Questions 1-13

TRUE vihoels

FALSE fim

NOT GIVEN pe

FALSE 2

TRUE

osgraton Reading Passage 3,

marie Questions 27-40

miners
fam ©

Reading Passage 2,
Questions 14-26

>>0000®n0m>180

If you score ...
[== 1 Tao

you ara unikalyogeran [you may get an accept vou ar aly got an
acceplable score under Score under examination | acceptable score uncer
examinason coraitons and we. | Sonor at we recommend | examnaion condivons but
‘common tal you spend a lt | ha you tank about having

Sf ume mproving your Engish | mere practica or lessons tore

ocre you take IELTS. youtare IELTS,

LISTENING

16
17818

19820 o i

READING

co wh eta

Reading Passage 1,
Questions 1-13

words
inger

drought

is huarango the) branches technology

IN EHER ORDER (BOTH REQUIRED 26 award

FOR ONE MARK)

Reading Passage 3,

Questions 27-40

(ls musrango the} rake
NOT GIVEN

M TRUE

12 FALSE

13 NOTGVEN

Reading Passage 2,
Questions 14-26

NOT VEN NOT GIVEN
FALSE ÑO

TRUE YES
FALSE NOT GIVEN
FALSE

TRUE

Myou score

ea
RA | rts aS eet
(nn Teruel sre spe, |

Sample Writing answers

Sample Wing answers

TEST 1, WRITING TASK 2

‘This isan answer writen by a candidate who achieved a Band 7.0 score.
I some countries te enact ofp matter in hese counties it
important to own your owe hame rather than renting it, ight be indifferent for some, but
thes prop
ini at the cae? ‘hin is beca jour home is supposed o be exact
dut ike, your home. As a human hi we long after having st Y call our om,
dee male vat i, bt fumas wil ays want o am ownership. Thi noting row an
es been ie ths through human history, re colonies or example, which Later once again becam
the came country a before lead by Hs oan inhubitats People wil lage wat 0 be te one to
decide what happens to them and whee ou cer your hom yeu cart ven paint À witht he
owners permission
you a a person are renting an apartment tere miget be 2 lot of stressors in your lif
sesalehed all can cau es a major beadacte, because he vall was rot yours. The bedroom yo
surely seeping in might nt be avaiable a long as yu hope things happen in hie and
maybe he nen landlord weet var to have you 26 a tet

In cher perapecive, not ounin your home coud be reel when A comes 0 your finance. As

2 rector you won't rave to pay mortage, take loans or spend an anil
Ah propery Yow woul have to worry aboul the heuse market crashing or a natural disaster

eetoying your expensive home

Bottom in, 2 à human | fa io e need Yo havea heme and cling it your own can make hal
more special. perseally would rather own my house, because then lever happen iis on me
and no one el

Here is the examiner's comment:

The candidate clearly explains why home ownership may be of importance to some
people. She or he also explores tha positive and negative sides of owning your own
home before putting forward his or her own opinion. The task is well addressed

and ideas are explored in some depth. Organisation is clear, wth good use of
Cohesive devices and paragraphing and the message Is easy to follow. The range
of vocabulary is appropriate, with examples of less common items [long after! for
house / housing market] and good use of colocations [claim ownership | a major
headache | pay mortgage | natural disaster | The bottom line. There isa varity of
‘complex sentence structures, with high level of accuracy and only a minor error in
punctuation [owners / owner's}

Sample Wing answers

Here is the examiner's comment:

This is a ful and detailed description of the data contained in the graph,
supplemented by a comparison ofthe variations in the numbers for the two types of
vislors (slaying on cruise ships or staying on the island). There isa clear overview
atthe end of the description. Organisation is fairy clear and progresses logically
cross the me period, altnough lt could be improved by subdividing the rather
long second paragraph. The range of vocabulary is wide enough to show some
variety of expression [adds up lo | totals up to] and some use of colocation

[three ... years ina row], There isa high level of accuracy in grammatical control, in
both simple and complex structures, but there is an omission of a ful stop between
the frst and second sentences and no capital letter to indicate te beginning of the

WRITING

answer wrt

Sample Writing an

Hera is the examiner's comment

This is a thoughtful exploration of the topic. The writer considers the advantages
cf having online materials rather than printed ones, and also examines why
Printed books may not totally disappear, although other printed materials, such as.
magazines and newspapers, may become completely digtalised. The score might
be improved by futher explration of whether online materials wil be free, as cost
is mentioned only briefly. Organisation is clear, paragraphing is logical and linking
words and phrases guide the reader through the script (All of these factors

On the other hand | Based on this}. The range of vocabulary is quite varied, with
many examples o collocation (electranic devices | Digits! book and newspapers |
‘environmentally friendly | dial versions | tradi 4 books | emotional
connection and value] with only ing errors ecources !
jesources], There is a mix of simple and complex sentence structures and these
are generally accurate. Some errors do occur [Todays / Tocay’s | lo raad books)
makes some people to believe / makes some people believe | digital versions of
books ...is/ are more convenient | Prining so / such a huge amount of antic

but the meaning is stil clear

WRITING TASK 1

Sample Whiting answers

TEST 3, WRITING TASK 2

This is an answer written by a candidate who achieved a Band 7.0 score

Ahriement has alay been a crucial part in Yo world of marketing, Throughout the decade
we rave ee à giant increase inthe amount of adverierents, whether @ on dhe media

ite television or widespread through socal network olakorme. The gol of advertisements isto get
consumers to buy 2 targeted pendu, and vl tis method has Dean proven considerably succes
general, ome people view 5 to prevalent to catch the consumers attention ary more
‘Advertisements can ac as 2 strong persuasion device to seemingly fypnotize people into buying
vos and services. This isso becouse ofthe tactic placed i Ihe meceagee, uch as showing
people sing 3 9004 time together when using a particular product, using bandwagen, showing ory
‘he upsides of usage, and apphing compare and contrat tate e efect of using the
product and mate stare ut. Even people do not now hs» messages are repeated several
times and soon # may braiması people to Finally go out and get the produ. For instance 2
person is watching eisen and ses à cartain advertisement of à 6 times, the repeated
sight ofthe senumptious food may result in hat person feeling ungry ad succambing tot
advertisement at Ia

Neverthe, here is another pont of vn in ich te widepread of adrien mares
i oral ting, Aer naling a daten ef averlemensprple wil eet a are ry

day aioe and cate 1 pay linn o he eses oft adver ere, Some pale may
ven crane to en off leon cece fo ire, oly st avid sig ad beac
cept aberrant. Aor a certain frequency he tac fo gt bored aná to pyr
ten 10 ada, Meer, in he end he mal gal of advertisers ct complet ice te
people wo te mesos a seit otto d no receive that mesage. A reli eam can be
san from advertamonts aparcar ail medio platfort, You, the Youtube marketing
tnechaa,avectivements ae place before aná in betwen idos, hoping that te vines would
alo be (aed to vat te adverts, to, However, Un sn ul Ihe at, ce many
people woul jus ick “Sip A" ac conte on.

tn condi, vertes can be acces in perwadingpeple 1 puree goods md
A The ar very commonly zen nova, bat
tot al ftom ffl ther purpose. Thus, adverts must be ed and peered in the

cctv o resul in the highest efechvneen

ding refer
range of
oloca

nis a clear posi

Somole Witing answers

TEST 4, WRITING TASK 1

This is en answer willen by a candidate who achieved a Band 6.0 score,

“he chart demonslrates vial Anthropology graduates from one univers did after rising thei

naergraduate degree course, The table indicate he salaries ofthe antropologia in work ae
‘swe can se from the ie chart, majciy of repos graduates are employed, Fino par
nt of them rave 2 full-time Job. Amos by per cent of graduates rave rer a partie
A-time
uen. Only ele por com of graduates are unemployed, Th information about all he ree

work or it is combined wih postgrad stud, ight per cent of students an hei

is unten,

Thus, most of Arbrology g ‘those ho wer in Government
zacn more than a hundred thousand dollars I 6 ess tran proprtion of freelance conzultantorts
wo gl te same amount of money. Besides, ite oc eme hird of those who work for p

aries. We can se nearly the same percentage of toe wine get from fit thousand dare
ton Thousand dollars a freelance consultan and in goneenmant sect, The situation
diferent in private companies, More of hem ge rom Gi thousand o sevenlfour ova
dólar than from seventy-five o ninety-nire thoutand delas The proportion of stos wt work
or privat comparies for from twerty-five hound lo fort rire Howard delas is half bigger

tan the same one in government sector and as freelancers

So, ne chart and the able chew us hal most of Anroelogy graduates are saployed and salary
more than Amen five Heouard allre after vo year's work

Here is the examiner's comment:

“The candidate has described al the key features and has supported these with
relevant figures. There is some comparison ofthe figures in both the chart and the
table. Information is presented coherently and there is a clear overall progression
(intcoduction, description ofthe pie chart information, description of the information
in he table and conclusion). Some cohesive devices are used to organise the
description [As we can see | Thus | Besides | Sol. The range of vocabulary is
‘adequate forthe task [combined with | earn | proportion of | reelancers], but there
are some errors [ol the rest graduates / all he rest of the graduates | His less /
more than (Ihe) proportion of freelance ... same amount of money | concultantants
/ consultants | ninty / ninety | half bigger than | twice as big as]. There is a mix of
simple and complex sentence structures, with some errors (he) majorly | @ part.
{ime work | al the rest (ofthe) graduates | In (the) Government sector

Sample answer sheets

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IELTS Reading Answer Sheet

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Acknowledgements

‘The authors and pubisersseknowndge the following sources ef copyright mata and are grate for
ihe pemissions Sand. Vile wary oot hasbeen made. Khoa ot abs been possible en
the sourens oF athe mataria used orto Pace all copyright haider. Hany omissions ao brought

ur nti, we wl be happy toch the appropiate acleowedgmenteon reprinting and na ext
‘ust tothe dal adi, oe apical.

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Foe Stma one 01 Con ren Reena win germane necro
ston Th faba Boo ef Exper ora A nenn Rap wt nd
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Nan ne. Copyign O laracan hc. Reproduce wah ia parir Test. Son Geographical Le

Thro te ange D Oia Ber, Cocoa Copmen 2010
Dem Ferg Tomatoes, Sho Ws y Mary Ten rape Sa Coppra © 2010-2018
Nora Que Pars, LLC AR ge nad Reproduced with pemson

Listening Hepar Cli blared o nated ot Consoming passion by dci Flanders, Rene

parmasion: Roger, Colerkige anc Who for ihe adapte text Consuming cassis by Judi Fanders Copy
213 Roy Cnlandge ard We A Hess Co. Lis re aan Consumrg Passons y J
orn Coy © 2008 al) Parr: Reprod parmi et Has Ce. Le Berl) om

Class: How Socia Choose lo Fat er Scene by Jard Dors apa! © 2006 oy Jared Diamond, Used

Sp potion of ving Baden an wet of Pergun bang Group son Pongo Sand

A ete nmr, Sone tunes and naty-one (1 words sho Engin ungunge am Collao by Jaro

Diomond Cap dred 208 201

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chas use bes! nava ta nsue ana URL or tera ets refer on is bok

srdache tt ina gy as overs a pl nas rai xaos

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