Can AI do good? at 'offtheCanvas' India HCI prelude

Invited talk at 'offtheCanvas' IndiaHCI prelude, 29th June 2024.

https://www.alandix.com/academic/talks/offtheCanvas-IndiaHCI2024/

The world is being changed fundamentally by AI and we are constantly faced with newspaper headlines about its harmful effects. However, there is also the potential to both ameliorate theses harms and use the new abilities of AI to transform society for the good. Can you make the difference?

1. Alan Dix https:// alandix.com / @ alanjohndix ‘offtheCanvas’ IndiaHCI can AI do good?

2. 2 nd edition coming soon plus AI for HCI AI for Social Justice plugs

3. it takes two to tango a synergistic approach to human-machine decision making https://tango- horizon.eu /

4. impact of AI what AI does how AI shapes society

5. c.f. cars what cars do + ve transport, independence – ve accidents, speeding, drunk drivers how cars shape society suburban sprawl car poverty global warming

6. impact of AI what AI does how AI shapes society

7. ACCESS DOING IT RIGHT POSITIVE ACTION AVOIDING HARM POLICY PROCESS GOVERNANCE AI for Social Justice Clara Crivellaro

8. ACCESS DOING IT RIGHT POSITIVE ACTION AVOIDING HARM POLICY PROCESS GOVERNANCE

9. ACCESS DOING IT RIGHT POSITIVE ACTION AVOIDING HARM POLICY PROCESS GOVERNANCE AVOIDING HARM

10. Avoid harm Bans Inclusive data sets Auditing Base rates and correlates Neutral is not unbiased

11. ACCESS DOING IT RIGHT POSITIVE ACTION AVOIDING HARM POLICY PROCESS GOVERNANCE DOING IT RIGHT

12. UK A’level ‘mutant algorithm’ Entrenching inequality Tried to be fair Lack of data Lack of trust Unreasonable expectations of algorithms Mirror on existing system?

13. ACCESS DOING IT RIGHT POSITIVE ACTION AVOIDING HARM POLICY PROCESS GOVERNANCE POSITIVE ACTION

14. impact of AI what AI does how AI shapes society economy, education, environment politics, power democracy, digital poverty

15. AI … why now? 1990 2000 2010 2020 1980 1970 1950 1960 AI winters

16. AI … why now? 1990 2000 2010 2020 Early NN web search recommender systems MapReduce deep NN AlphaGo LLM ChatGPT Big Data Big Computation

17. AI and Computation deep NN were always known about … what changed? web (search, ecommerce) => big data => big data centres big data + big computation => DNN the new AI

18. new AI BIG data + BIG computation = BIG business

19. network effects networks of connections within groups and between groups networks change value if your colleagues use Word it is more of value to you teachers parents children

20. markets and monopolies market economics assumes open markets monopolies natural – single resource engineered => anti-trust laws (national) network effects => winner takes all => emergent monopoly https:// commons.wikimedia.org /w/ index.php?curid =127909261

21. digital breaks market economics

22. add AI big data + best AI => best placement advertisers winner takes all => best AI takes most of the money small improvement in AI => lots more money + AI relatively small part of cost => runaway AI … well beyond ‘optimal’

23. financial and environmental cost

24. who can afford it?

25. companies and countries?

26. Open Data “ I don’t know if any public sector has necessarily cracked the nut on attracting the right skills and capabilities ,” … “ The commercial sector has, because they’ve got the dollars to spend .” Ian Bartram, Gartner that was before big AI!

27. signs of hope

28. Google open LLaMa the model’s carbon footprint has been reduced to a seventh of GPT-3 the pretrained model will obviate the need to train the model … deploy the full model “using only 16 NVIDIA V100 GPUs.” ~ $400,000

29. LORA – open and (relatively) cheap reduce cost and carbon low dimension representation of inner layers

30. citizens and communities?

31. a growing divide?

32. signs of hope

33. generative enables niche education personalised tutors => choice of materials changes what we need to learn … not necessarily digital! minority languages accessibility no more alt tags? neurodiversity too https:// www.theguardian.com /world/2023/ sep /11/ sweden -says-back-to-basics-schooling-works-on-paper

34. summary AI and digital changes society & undermines market economics can entrench power and disenfranchise the poor signs of hope lower cost lower carbon foot print AI opportunities to redress inequalities

35. many challenges Alan Dix https:// alandix.com / what will you do?