Cancer - Types ,spread and properties

Cancer -types

1. R.HARISHMA MSC MICROBIOLOGY ANJAC CANCER – TYPES , spread , PROPERTIES

2. INTRODUCTION Cancer is the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells anywhere in a body – cancer cell. It is also called malignancy. Causative agents – chemical , toxic compound exposures ,ionizing radiation , some pathogens. Most cancer form tumors ,but not all tumors are cancerous.

3. Cancer symptoms: Depends on the types General symptoms are, Fatigue Weight loss Pain Skin changes Unusual bleeding Persistent cough Fever

4. Treatment: Chemotherapy, Radiation Surgery General term: Benign – non cancerous tumor Malignant – cancerous tumor

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6. TYPES: National cancer Institute gives the common types: Bladder Lung Breast Melanoma Endometrial Kidney cancer Leukemia Lymphoma Pancreatic Prostate Thyroid Colon & rectal

7. THE MOST COMMON CANCERS IN MEN , WOMEN AND CHILDREN: Men - prostate , lung , colorectal Women - Breast , lung , colorectal Children - Leukemia , brain tumors , lymphoma

8. Carcinoma: Begins in skin ( or ) in tissues. That line the internal organs – skin , lung , colon , pancreatic , etc… Subtypes , Adenocarcinoma Basal cell carcinoma Squamous cell carcinoma Transitional cell carcinoma

9. Sarcoma: Begins in bone (or) cartilage (or) other connective tissue. Two types: Bone sarcomas Soft tissue sarcomas

10. LEUKEMIA: Begins in blood forming tissue. Causes large numbers of abnormal blood cells and enters the blood. Ages – 0-5,14-18,19-40,60+ Sub type: Lymphoblastic leukemia T – cell leukemia

11. LYMPHOMA & MYELOMA: Starts from white blood cells. Affects lymph nodes of specific sites, Stomach Brain Intestine Two types: B cell lymphocytes T cell lymphocytes

12. MYELOMA: Begins in plasma cells. Type of blood cancer. Plasma cells are capable of producing various antibody. It can damage the bones , kidney , red blood cell count.

13. Central nervous system cancers: Starts with brain tissue and spinal card. The brain controls the body by sending electrical messages along nerve fibers. Brain and spinal card forms the central nervous system.

14. SPREAD OF CANCER: Primary and secondary cancer: The place where a cancer starts in the body is called primary cancer. These are spread to other parts of the body. These can form other tumours are known as secondary cancers.

15. SPREAD TO OTHER AREAS OF BODY: It can spread to other parts of the body through the blood stream (or) lymphatic system. In order to spread some cells from the primary cancer must break away and travel to another part of the body and start growing there. Some are go into blood vessels – capillaries.

16. SPREAD THROUGH THE BLOOD CIRCULATION : When cancer cell go into the small blood vessels and get into the blood stream . They are called circulation tumour cells. These can stuck somewhere in a very small blood vessel such as capillary. Move through the wall of capillary and into the tissue of the organ.

17. They can multiply to form a new tumors.

18. SPREAD THROUGH THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM : The lymphatic system is a network of tubes and glands in the body that filters body fluid and fights infection. Cancer cells go into lymph vessels and travel into nearby lymph glands and grow to form tumours in lymph nodes.

19. PROPERTIES OF CANCER CELLS: It shows uncontrolled mitotic divisions. Due to uncontrolled growth – tumor is formed. They are less adhesive than normal cells. They exhibits number of alterations. Lack differentiation. They loss ability to communicate with other cells.

20. They lose sensitivity. They lose adhesion molecules. It is an genetic disease, Inherited cancer Sporadic cancer

21. It can involves changes in gene expression. Lack of contact inhibition. Loss of limitations on the number of cell division. Ability to grow in culture. Angiogenesis.