CARBON AND IT'S COMPooooOUND _WEEK 5.3.pptx

lecture

1. CARBON AND IT’S COMPOUND

2. COMPOUND A pure substance of definite composition that can be joined to form another substance,

3. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS Organic compounds are molecules that contain carbon atoms covalently bonded to hydrogen atoms and other elements commonly oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus and the halogens.

4. BEHAVIOR OF ORGANIC AND INORGANIC COMPOUNDS Most organic compounds do not dissolve in water. Majority of inorganic compounds dissolve more or less readily in water. Organic compounds are decomposed by heat more easily than inorganic compounds.

5. Organic compounds exists as molecules consisting of atoms joined by covalent bonds. Many inorganic compounds have ionic bonds.

6. ORGANIC CHEMISTRY Organic chemistry is the branch of chemistry that studies the structure, properties, composition, reactions and preparations of carbon-containing compound.

7. THE CARBON ATOM

8. THE CARBON ATOM Represented by capital C A non-metal Has atomic number 6; therefore it has 6 protons and electrons. Found in group IVA Has 4 valence electrons

9. THE CARBON ATOM Each carbon molecule has four unpaired electrons in its outer energy shell. Therefore, carbon atoms can form covalent bonds with up to four other atoms, including other carbon atoms.

10. THE CARBON ATOM Carbon-based molecules have three fundamental structures-straight chains, branched chains and rings.

11. STRAIGHT-CHAIN BRANCHED-CHAIN

12. RING-CHAIN

13. CARBON ATOM UNIQUENESS A carbon atom, with its four valance electrons, can form single, double, and triple covalent bonds with another carbon atom.

14. CARBON ATOM UNIQUENESS The unique quality of carbon the ability to bond with one another to form molecules in straight chain, and branched chains, as well as ring or cyclic structures.

15. ORGANIC COMPOUNDS There are four main types or classes of organic compounds found in all living things:

16. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates are organic compounds made up of elements such carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. One example of carbohydrates is glucose or blood sugar.

17. CARBOHYDRATES Carbohydrates is used as the main or primary energy source especially in humans also it can make up cell structures, they are also used as stored energy in plants.

18. CARBOHYDRATES Are classified according to how many subunits they contain. Simple carbohydrates are called sugar. MONOSACCHARIDE - ONE UNIT DISACCHARIDE - TWO UNITS POLYSACCHARIDE - LONG CHAIN

19. LIPIDS Lipids are organic compounds made up of elements such carbon, hydrogen and oxygen. The ration of hydrogen and oxygen it is greater than 2:1.

20. LIPIDS The uses of lipids includes storing energy and acting as structural components of cell membranes that helps it become flexible in fluid like and also it serves as signaling, acts as coating on the lips called cuticle.

21. THREE MAJOR GROUPS OF LIPIDS TRIG L YCERIDES STEROIDS PHOSPOLIPIDS

22. PROTEINS Proteins consist of Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen. Proteins consists of chains of amino acids called peptides.

23. PROTEINS The functions of proteins are; cellular structures, controls substances in and out of cell and also fight diseases.

24. NUCLEIC ACID Nucleic acids are the molecules in our cells that direct and store information for reproduction and cellular growth.

25. TWO TYPES OF NUCLEIC ACID RIBONUCLEIC ACID AND DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID