Carbon footprints

A carbon footprint is the amount of greenhouse gases—primarily carbon dioxide—released into the atmosphere by a particular human activity. A carbon footprint can be a broad meaasure or be applied to the actions of an individual, a family, an event, an organization, or even an entire nation.

1. s Carbon Footpr i nts and Carbon C r edit By Kanhaya lal kumawat UDCT MUMBAI

2. OVE R VIEW 1.Int r od u ct i on 1.1 G r eenhouse gases 1.2 Class i f i ca t ion of g r eenhouse 2.Carbon f ootpr i nts 3. T ypes of carbon foo t prin t s 4.Why cal c ula t e carbon foo t prin t ? 5.Calcula t ing a carbon foo t print 6. R eduction of carbon footpr i nts 7.G l ossary 8.Carbon c r edi t s gas e s 2

3. Cli m ate cha n ge is inc r e a singly r eco g nised as a m a j o r cha l l e ng e . G r eenhou s e gas emi s sio n s a r e the driv i ng fo r ce be h ind c l i m ate chan g e . G r e e n h o u se Gases G r e e n h ouse gases a r e th o se w hi ch c o ntr i b u te a r e : to the g r eenhou s e eff e ct . The six r e g ul a ted g a ses • • • • • • Carb o n di o x i de (CO 2 ) Methane (C H 4 ) Nit r ous o x ide (N 2 O) Hyd r of l uo r o c a r bons (HF C s) Pe r fluo r o c a r bons (PFC s ) S u lph u r hex a fluo r ide (S F 6 ) The m ost i n fluential g r e enhouse gas for c l imate c a rbon dio x ide ( C O 2 ) . cha n ge is 3

4. Whe r e d o es all the C a rbon di o x i de come f r om? Carb o n di o x i de ( C O 2 ) is r e l e a sed w h en we burn c a rbon based f u el s . Alm o st a l l f uels a r e ca r bo n - based, inc l u d in g :  Pet r ol and dies e l in o ur c a rs, v a ns and g e ner a to r s.  E l e c tri c ity g ene r at e d f r om fossil f u el power stati o ns.  Co al , o i l and g a s in our power stati o ns (and b u sinesse s ).  J e t f u el in a e r o p l a nes. V irtual l y a l l human a c tiv i ties c a u s e C O 2 em i ssions t h at l e a d c l i m ate c hang e . Hence e v e r y pe r s o n i s r esponsible for C O 2 e m iss i on s . S o i n a c t u al its ‘c a rbon di o x i de fo o t p r i n t ’. to 4

5. Effect o f g r e e n h o u s e ga ses o n env i r o n ment  E a si l y tr a p the su n 's hea t .  Keep th e e a rth warm.  T oo much g a s e s i n th e a i r l e ads t o c l i m a te cha n g e , w h at we c a ll Gl o bal war m in g .  Methane and nit r ous oxi d e h a ve h i gh h e a t - tr a p p ing t o c a rbon dio x id e .  But m a jor r ol e i s pl a y e d b y c a rbon di o x i d e . Cla s si f icat i on o f g r e e n h o u se g a ses c a pac i ty  Di r ect em i s si o ns t h at r esult f r o m a c ti v ities of the o r g a nisat i on c o n t r o l s.  In d i r e c t e m iss i ons f r om th e use o f e l e c tri c it y .  In d i r e c t e m iss i ons f r om p r oducts and se r v i c e s . 5

6. Cla s si f icat i on of G r e e n h o u se g a s es 6

7. C A R B ON FOOTPRINT  The total a m ount o f C O 2 and other g r e e n h ouse gas ( GH G ) em i ssio n s f o r w h ich an in d i v i d ual o r orga n i z ati o n is r esponsibl e .  Us u a l l y ex p r e s s e d i n e q ui v a l ent t ons o f c a r bon di o x i de (CO 2 ) .  Calcul a ted for e v en t s o r p r o ducts a l s o .  A n o r g a ni z at i on ' s fo o t p r i nt inc l u d es a . Di r e c t e m iss i ons sou r c e s ( e.g . di r e c t use o f f u e l s) b . In d i r e c t i m pacts ( e. g . f r om th e e x ten d ed su p ply cha i n)  W h en c a lc u l a ting a n o r ga n i z ati o n's f o otprint it is i m port a nt t o inc l u d e th e full r a nge o f e m iss i on s . 7

8. TYPE OF FOOTP R IN T S 8

9. WHY CA L C U L A TE A CA R BON FOOTPRIN T ? T wo r easo n s for an o r ganisation to c a l c ul a te i t s c a rbon fo o t p r i n t :  T o m a na g e th e fo o t p r i nt a nd r educe e m iss i ons o v er tim e .  T o r eport the footprint a c curate l y t o a t h ird part y . 1. T o m a n age the f o o t print a n d r educe e mis s ions o v er time  O p port u nities for pri o r i ti z e d . r ed u cti o n c a n be iden t ified a nd  This app r o a ch i s r e l at i v e ly q u i c k and stra i ghtforw a r d .  Mo r e fo c using o n th e a r e a s o f g r e a test sa v in g s potentia l . 9

10. 2 . T o r epo r t the f o o t p r i nt acc u r ately t o a third p a rt y . Org a ni z at i ons inc r e a s i ngly w a nt to c a l c ul a te t h eir c a rbon fo o t p r i nt. The r e a sons a r e  F o r Ma r keting and / or C o rpo r ate Social Respo n sib i l i ty p u rpos e s.  T o f u lfi l l r equests f r om b u s iness o r r e t a i l f r om in v esto rs . cus t om e r s , or  T o as c e r ta i n w h at l e v e l o f e m iss i ons t hey need to o f fset in o r der to bec o me ‘c a rbon neu t r a l’. 10

11. C A LC U L A TING A C A R BON FOOT P RINT A basic ap p r oach t o carbon footpr i nting  C a l cul a ti o n o f a basic c a r b on f o otpr i nt i s a fa i rly q u i ck e x e r c i s e .  The r e a r e m a ny simp l e c a l c ul a to r s a v a i l a ble on t h e web.  C o v er di r e c t e m iss i o n s, b u t e x c l u d e some o f th e indi r e c t e m iss i on s .  The r e a r e u s ua l ly a h andf u l o f m a jor e m i ssi o n s t h at must b e q u antifi e d, inc l u d in g : 1. On s ite f u el usa g e 2. On s ite e l e c tri c ity us ag e 3. Use o f tr a ns p o r t which yo u own. s ou r c e s 11

12. Key inform a tion t o calculate carb o n fo o tprint  Col l e c t data f r om a l l u t i l ity m e te r s .  Reco r d the v e hic l e s . dis t anc e s tra v el l ed by the o r g a n i z ati o n's  Conv e rt the f u e l , e l e c tri c ity and tra n sport c o n s u mption fi g u r es t o C O 2 b y using th e st a nda r d e m iss i ons fa c to rs . O n ce the b as i c c a r b o n footprint h a s b e en es t a b li s hed, i t is then p o ssi b le t o t a ke st e ps t o man a ge the emiss i on s :  Set and a g r ee effic i ency o r e m i ss i o ns r educti o n ta r g e ts.  Iden t ify l i k e ly op p o r t u nities for effic i ency o r emissi o n s r educti o n.  Pr i o r it i z e th e oppo r t u ni t i e s, based o n env i r o n m e n t al or financ i al c r ite r i a .  T ake a c ti o n t o i m ple m ent th e oppo r t u nitie s .  Monit o r th e perfo r m a nce o f th e a c ti o n s taken a n d i mp r o v e a s nec e ssa r y . 12

13. P r o d ucing a f u ll carbon f o o t print Accur a te c a l c ul a ti o n o f c a rbon fo o t p r i nt r equi r es  Mo r e de t a i led app r o a ch  S p e c i a l i st ad v i c e The steps be l ow show a s y s tem a tic ap p r o a ch for a n a c curate c a rbon footprin t : p r oduc i ng 1 . 2 . 3 . 4 . Methodo l o g y B o u n dary a nd sc o pe o f c o v e r a ge Col l e c t e m iss i ons data and c a l c ul a te V er i fy r esults (op t i o nal) the f oo tpr i nt 5 . Disc l ose th e fo o t p r i nt (option a l ) . 13

14. METHODOLO G Y Methodo l o g y o f a c o mpany must b e c l e a r l y def i ne d . Imp o rtance F o r a fo o t p ri n t t o b e r epe a table and accur a te t h e r e must be a c o nsistenc y . In a l a r ge in d us t ry i t i s im p o r tant, a s m any ind i v i d u a l s help c o l l e c ti v e l y . C o mmonly used metho d ol o g i es a r e 1 . GHG P r ot o c o l w h i c h p r ovides d et a i l ed gu i d ance on c o rpor a te em i ssions r eportin g . 2 . I n t e r natio n al Organizati o n f o r S t anda r di z at i on, ISO 14064 5 , a l s o p r ovides g u id a nce on c o rpo r ate f o otpr i nt c a l c ul a ti o n and e m iss i ons r epo r tin g . 14

15. BOU N D A R Y A N D S C OPE OF COVE R AGE The parts o f th e o r g anization incl u ded i n th e p r o c ess is r efe r r ed t o a s ‘ b oundar y ’ o f the fo o t p r i n t . Nor m a l ly t h is inc l u d es  The f u ll r a n ge of di r ectl y . e m issi o ns t h at th e org a ni s at i on c ont r o l s  T yp i c a lly ass e t s . ( b u t not a l w a ys) inc l u d es su b sidi a r i es and l e as e d 15

16. COLLE C T EMISSIONS D A T A The next step i s t o c o nsid e r what types o f e m iss i o n s will be include d . It m a y include c o l l ecting inform a tion on  On s ite f u el c o ns u mptio n .  Ow n ed tr a ns p o r t u t i l i z at i o n .  Em i ss i ons f r om che m i c al r e a cti o ns in m a n u fa c t u r i ng p r o c esses o r f r om l a nd u s e o r a g ri c ult u r a l a c tiv i tie s .  E l e c tri c ity c o nsumpt io n .  Emp l oyee tra v el b y a i r , th e o r g a ni z at i o n .  S u p p l i er s ’ e m i s s io n s . r a i l and in v e hi c l e s not owned by 16

17. V E RIFY R E SU L TS V e r ifi c at i on i s done b y a n indepen d ent t h i r d V er i fic a tion typic a l l y inv o l v es  A na l ys i s o f th e m e t h od o l o g y .  Data c o l l e c ti o n techniq u e s .  Cal c ul a ti o n p r o c es s . part y . Dif f e r ent l e v e ls o f a s sur a nce or a v a i l a bl e . v e r i fi c at i on o f r e su l ts a r e G r e a ter l e v e ls of a s sur a nce or v e ri f i c at i on is m o r e e x pensive to a c hie v e 17

18. DIS C LOSE THE F O OTPRI N T If th e fo o t p r i nt i s t o b e disc l os e d i n ad v e r tising m a ter i a l , fo l l o wing info r m a ti o n i s m a de a v a i l a bl e :  Methodo l o g y used t o c a l c ul a te th e fo o t p r i nt.  B o u n dary c o n d iti o ns .  T ypes o f e m i s s io ns a r e included and e x cluded.  The data c o ll e c ti o n techniq u e s .  An y assumpti o ns o r esti m at e s t h at we r e used t h r ou g h p r o c es s .  The le v el o f v e rifi c ati o n o f th e r esults p r o v ided by indepen d ent t h i r d part i e s . the the 18

19. R E D U C I NG C A R B ON FOOTPRINT At n o cost Ener g y  P r o m ot i ng ene r gy aw a r eness t o a l l e m pl o y e es and enc o ura g e t h em t o t u rn o ff l i ghting w h en not i n use.  U n pl u g bat t ery char g ers w h en th e tool i s char g ed.  Ma x i m ise t h e use o f da y l i ght, do not turn l i ghts on w h en da y l i ght is s u f fic i ent.  Rem o ve obstructi o ns f r om r a di a to r s.  T urn off heating w h en doo r s or r o l ler sh u t t er do o rs a r e open. 19

20. L o w to medium cost E n ergy  Re p l a ce a l l l a mps and t u bes wi t h l o w ener g y v e rsi o ns.  Consider in s ta l l i ng movement and d a y light se n s o rs in a r e a s f r equ e n t ly used s uch as c o r r i dors, to i l e ts a n d stor a ge a r e a s .  Draught p r oo f wi n dows a nd doo r s.  Inc r e a se lo ft insulat i o n .  Ensu r e bo i l e rs a r e m a inta i ned and se r v i c ed . 20

21. L o ng te r m investment Ener g y  Con s ider ins t a l l i ng mi c r o - g e nerati o n a t b u siness p r em i ses.  Repla c e si n g l e gl a z ed wind o ws w i th double g l a z ed a l ternat i v e s .  C h o o se ene r gy effic i ent equipment and to o l s .  Re p l a ce o l d boi l ers wi t h modern en e r g y effici e nt a l ternat i v e s .  Fit an insulat e d sus p ended c e i l ing with hi g h c e i l in g s. in r o o ms or wo r ks h ops Fuel C h o o se f u el effic i ent v e hic l es 21

22. GL O SSA R Y Assurance The p r o c ess o f a n in d epen d ent t h ird party checking the m e t h od o l o g y , data and c a l c ul a ti o n p r o c esses t o ensu r e t h at t h ey a r e r obus t . Carb o n neut r al T e r m i nology for so m ethi n g h a v i ng net z e r o e m iss i ons ( f or e x a m ple, a n o r g a ni sa ti o n o r p r o duc t ) . Emis s ions co n v ersion factor Enables a co n v e rsi o n t o b e m a de f r om th e input me a s u r e of ene r gy t o th e a m ount o f c a rbon d i o x i d e e m iss i o n s t h at will r esult. 22

23. The G r e e n h o u se G a s (GHG) P r ot o col  A widely used standard for e m iss i ons r epo r tin g .  Cove r s p r oject em i ssions r eporting a n d c o rpor a te e missi o n s r epo r tin g .  The c o rpo r a t e e m iss i ons r epo r ting s tandard p r ovides a m e t h od o l o gy f o r c a l c ul a ti o n o f a c a rbon fo o t p r i nt. ISO 140645  ISO 140645 is an inte r nati o n a l st a n d a r d for c o r por a te e m iss i ons r epo r tin g .  It b u i l ds P r oto c o l . on the app r oach outl i ned in the G r e e n h ouse G a s 23

24. CARB O N CREDITS Certifi c at e s issued t o c ou n tri e s t h ose r educe t h e i r e m iss i on o f g r eenhou s e g a ses (GHG ) w h ich c a u s es g l o bal warmin g . Came into existence a s a r e s ult o f inc r e as i ng a w a r e n ess of th e need for c o n t r o l l i ng e m iss i on s .   Key points One Carb o n C r edit i s equal t o one ton o f C a rb o n Dio x ide Methane and nit r ous o x i d e ha v e app r oxi m at e ly 2 1 t i m es and 310 times, r espe c ti v el y , th e hea t - t r apping c ap a c ity of c a rbon di o x i d e . Re d ucing met h a ne b y o n e ton i s eq u i v a lent t o r e d ucing c a rbon dio x ide b y 2 1 ton s .    24

25. ROLE OF C A R BON C R E D ITS IN EMISS I ON RE D UC T I O N ga s e m issi o n for  Limit for g r e e n h ouse e v ery o r g a ni z at i on i s fi x e d .  A n y o ne who e x c e eds t h at l i m i t has t o pay hea v y fine.  So to r edu c e the g r e e n house gas e m i ssi o n s ome p r o g r a ms we r e m a de 1 . To i n v e st in C DM ( C l e an Dev e l o pm e nt Mech a nism) p r oj e ct. T o bu y c a rbon c r edits 2 . i.e . c a rbon tr a ding 25

26. Invest i n CDM  To se l l tec h no l ogy t o a dev e loped c o untry b y a deve l oping c o u n tr y .  Get th e c r edits obta i ned b y th e use o f t h at techno l o g y . C a rbon T rading If th e c o mpani e s fa l l s h ort o f th e e m i ssi o n targets, t h ey c a n b u y t h o s e f r om th e ma r ke t , f r om someone w h o w a s succ e ssf u l i n m e eting t h o s e ta r g e ts a n d has a sur p lus of c a rbon u n its with t h e m . A t l a st w h at ga s e miss i on sa me . obta i ned i s th e r educti o n i n the g r e e n h ouse and o v e r a ll li mit i n th e ma r ket r em a i n s the 26

27. C A R B ON C R E D IT IN INDIA  In d ia h ad 31 ‘ec o - fri e n d l y ’ p r oj e cts a w a i ting a p p r oval la st c o u n ted i n 200 6.  Once c l e a r ed, t h ese p r o j e c ts c r o r e i n th e next se v en y e a r s .  In d ia ’ s c a r b on c r edit market c a n fe t ch ab o ut R s 29 , 00 i s g r owi n g, a s m any pl a y e r s (in d u s tries) a r e Mech a nism (CDM) . a d o p t ing the Clean D e v el o pme n t  U S a c c o u n ts for 3 per c e nt o f g l o b al e m issions, w h i l e In d ia m a kes for t h r ee per c e n t .  No w , I n d i a c an trans f er part dev e l o ped c o untr i es o f its a l l owed em i ss i o ns to 27

28. Org a ni z atio n s inv o lved in carb o n trading  Ka r nataka P o wer T r a nsmissi o n Corp o r a ti o n Lt d . ( K PTCL ) .  R&S Carb o n T r a ding Ltd. US A .  Reneso l a C h in a .  U n i v e r sal Displa y , U S A.  T ata C h e m i c a l s, Mum b a i , I n d i a .  ISA P o we r , Indi a . a r e  ITC P a perbo a rds & Spec i a l ty P a pers,  Ori e nt G r e e n Powe r , I n d i a .  G r e e n V ent u r es Intern a ti o na l , In d i a . I n di a . 28

29. CON C L U SI O N  It c a n b e c o n c l u d ed t h at c a r b on f o o t prints a s we l l as c a rbon c r ed i ts c a r r i e s a n i m port a nce i n our da i ly l i fe.  E v e r yone s h ou l d r e a l i z e its effect a n d should try to p r ot e ct the natu r e f r om its ad v e r se effect s .  The c a r b on c r edit b u s i ness is a r a pid l y c h a n g i ng b u siness, and people s h ou l d be awa r e that p r ograms ma r ket r a tes, p r ot o c o l s, q u i c kl y . a n d r e g istr a t i o n c a n c h an g e 29

30. THANKS 31