CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR).pptx

How to perform Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

1. CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) : FIRST AID BY: CHILA G. LIPATA EMT, BOSH

2. INTRODUCTION Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a lifesaving technique that’s useful in many emergencies, such as a heart attack or near drowning, in which someone’s breathing or heartbeat has stopped.

3. objectives How to assess the collapsed victim How to perform chest compressions and rescue breathing How to place an unconscious breathing victim in the recovery position

4. How to assess the collapsed victim The very first thing you should do if you find someone collapsed is to asses the situation for any hazards to yourself or bystanders. A hazard is anything with the potential to cause harm. It is important you identify and attempt to reduce the risk from any potential hazards before entering a situation to help a collapsed person. Otherwise, you could yourself end up as a victim!

5. The hazards present will depend on the situation, but you should quickly check for hazards such as: * Moving vehicles & traffic *Slip & trip hazards *Fume, gas or smoke *Electrical devices or cables *Other people- under the influence of drugs or alcohol *Glass or other sharp objects

6. Once you’ve identified a potential hazard you should take steps to reduce the risk. For example, this could involve asking a bystander to manage traffic (if safe to do so). The specific action you take will depend on the situation. It is important to remember that as a first aider you are the most important person. Your safety should be your priority. Only enter the situation to help a collapsed person once you have taken reasonable steps to secure your own safety.

7. Checking for danger forms the first part of DR ABC – an acronym used to remember the steps to take when dealing with a collapsed person. DR ABC stands for: -Danger -Response -Airway -Breathing -Circulation/CPR/Call for help (this can vary depending on local protocol)

8. How to perform chest compressions and rescue breathing Giving CPR 1.Check the scene for safety, form an initial impression and use personal protective equipment (PPE) 2.If the person appears unresponsive, check for responsiveness, breathing, life-threatening bleeding or other life-threatening conditions using shout-Tap-Shout 3.If the person does not respond and is not breathing or only gasping, Call 911 and get equipment, or tell someone to do so

9. 4.Place the person on their back on a firm, flat surface 5.Give 30 chest compressions * Hand position: Two hands centered on the chest * Body position: Shoulder directly over hands; elbow locked * Depth: At least 2 inches * Rate: 100 to 120 per minute * Allow chest to return to normal position after each compression

10. 6.Give 2 breath *Open the airways to a past-neutral position using the head-tilt/chin-tilt technique *Ensure each breath lasts about 1 second and makes the chest rise; allow air to exit before giving the next breath Note : If the 1 st breath does not cause the chest to rise, re-tilt the head and ensure a proper seal before giving the 2 nd breath if the 2 nd breath does not make the chest rise, an object may be blocked the airways

11. 7.Continous giving sets of 30 chest compressions and 2 breaths. Use AED as soon as one is available . -WHEN SHOULD CPR IS NOT GIVEN? If the cardiac arrest victim is breathing normally, you don’t need to perform CPR. Oxygen-rich blood is still getting to their brain, and the heart muscle is functioning for the time being. So if the victim is still breathing, just put them in recovery position.

12. How to place an unconscious breathing victim in recovery position If a person is unconscious but is breathing and has no other life-threatening conditions, they should be place in the recovery position. Putting someone in the recovery position will keep their airway clear and open. It also ensures that any vomit or fluid won’t cause them to choke.

13. Follow these steps: *With the person lying on their back, kneel on the floor at their side. *Extend the arm nearest you at a right angle to their body with their palm facing up. *Take their other arm and fold it so the back of their hand rests on the cheek closest to you, and hold it in place. *Use your free hand to bend the person’s knee farthest away from you to a right angle.

14. *Carefully roll the person onto their side by pulling on the bent knee towards you. *Their bent arm should be supporting the head, and their extended arm will stop you rolling them too far. *Make sure their bent leg is at the right angle. *Open their airway by gently tilting their head back and lifting their chin, and check that nothing is blocking their airway. *Stay with the person and monitor their condition until help arrives.

15. NOTE : Spinal injury If you think a person may have a spinal injury, do not attempt to move them until the emergency services reach you. If it’s necessary to open their airway, place your hands on either side of their head and gently lift their jaw with your fingertips to open the airway.

16. You should suspect a spinal injury if the person: *Has been involved in an incident that’s directly affected their spine, such as a fall from height or being struck directly in the back. *Complains of severe pain in their neck or back. *Is not able to move their neck. *Feels weak, numb or unable to move. *Has lost control of their limbs, bladder or bowels.

17. Thank you!