Carminative mixture and Practical exercise

This covers basics about carminatives, digestants and appetite stimulants and a practical exercise for undergraduate students of Pharmacology: preparing a carminative mixture with prescription and label

1. CARMINATIVE MIXTURE
Dr Harsh Vardhan Bharadwaj
Junior Resident
Department of Pharmacology
SMS Medical College, Jaipur

2. WHAT ARE CARMINATIVES?
LATIN “CARMINARE” = TO CLEANSE
“Agents which promote expulsion of gases from Gastro-Intestinal tract and give
a feeling of warmth and comfort in the epigastrium”
•↓ Gas formation
•Promotes burping and passing of gas
•Alleviate bloating
•Relieve pain in stomach and intestines (Burning or colic)
•↑ Peristalsis and Relaxation of sphincters (can lead to flatulence)
Passing gas Thesaurus
•Eructation
•Belching
•Flatulence (Fart)

3. INDICATIONS
For Indigestion and Dyspepsia, with symptoms like
•Bloating or Fullness
•Upper abdominal discomfort
•Heartburn or colic
•Excessive belching
Improves regular bowel habits.

4. CARMINATIVE AGENTS
Sodium bicarbonate: NaHCO
3 + HCl ⇌ NaCl + H
2O + CO
2 → Eructation
Anti foaming agents: Simethicone → Lowers surface tension → Decreased Bubble formation
Volatile oils from herbal sources: Gastric irritants
•Increase motility
•Relaxes sphincters
•Increase mucosal blood flow
> Peppermint > Asafoetida (Hing)
> Cardamom (Elaichi) > Lemon
> Dill seed oil (Celery) > Nutmeg
> Ginger > Garlic
> Black pepper > Cumin

5. Peppermint Cumin
Asafoetida Garlic and Ginger
Lemon
Dill seeds
Cardamom Black pepper

6. > Peppermint > Asafoetida
> Cardamom (Elaichi) > Lemon
> Dill seed oil (Celery) > Nutmeg
> Ginger > Garlic
> Black pepper > Cumin

7. WHAT ARE DIGESTANTS?
“Agents which promote digestion of food”
•Digestants = Enzymes of Lipolysis, Proteolysis, Amylolysis
•Eg.: HCl, Diastase, Pancreatin, Pepsin, Papain.
Enzyme deficiency → Fermentation of food by Gut bacteria → Flatulence
•Digestants also decrease flatulence (Carminative action)

8. WHAT ARE APPETITE STIMULANTS?
“Agents which increase appetite”
Examples
•Carminatives and Digestants
•Alcohol
•Supplements (Zn, Vit B
1, Vit B
12)
•Medications (Glucocorticoids, Megesterol acetate, anabolic steroids, Insulin)

9. PRACTICAL
PREPARING A CARMINATIVE MIXTURE
Apparatus
•Dispensing bottle
•Paper
•Scissors
•Weighing balance
•Measuring glass
Ingredients
For 1 dose = 30 mL
•NaHCO3 : 1 g
•Tincture cardamom (Red) : 2 mL
•Aromatic spirit of ammonia : 2 mL
•Oil of Peppermint : 1 mL
•Water : to 30 mL
Elaborate the difference between
Tincture, Spirit, Elixir, and Syrup.

10. To prepare and dispense 3 doses of Carminative mixture
•Measure 90 mL of water in measuring glass and transfer it to the dispensing bottle. Mark the
upper level of dispensing bottle, and discard the water
•Measure 3 g of Sodium Bicarbonate on the weighing balance, 6 mL of Tincture Cardamom and
6 mL Aromatic spirit of Ammonia and 3 mL of Oil of Peppermint. Add the ingredients into the
dispensing bottle, and fill with vehicle (water) up to the mark.
•Shake the dispensing bottle thoroughly to mix the ingredients, after closing the cap.
•Prepare the Label with directions and paste it over the dispensing bottle.
•Seal the bottle and dispense it to the patient.
METHOD
OBJECT

11. PRESCRIPTION
Dr Rajendra Kumawat
BDS, MDS
Reg. no.: RAJ-1079119
Government Dental College, Jaipur
Contact: [phone]
Name: Age:
Sex: Address:
Diagnosis: Flatulent dyspepsia
℞ Sodium bicarbonate: 1 g
Tincture Cardamom compound: 2 mL For 1 dose
Spirit Ammonia aromatica: 2 mL x3 for 3 doses
Aqua mentha Peppermint: 1 mL
Mft: Mist such 3 doses.
Signa: 1 dose to be taken three times a day, after meals.
Date: 21/01/2025

12. LABEL
Carminative Mixture
Serial number:
Name: Age:
Sex: Address:
Directions: Take 1 dose (30 mL) after meals, thrice a day.
Date: 21/01/2025
Pharmacy lab
Department of Pharmacology
SMS Medical College, Jaipur

13. CONTRAINDICATIONS
•Cardiac failure
•Renal failure
•Pyloric obstruction
•Peptic ulcer
•Acute abdominal pain

14. THANK YOU!