Carnation cultivation

Important cut flower

1. CULTIVATION PRACTICES OF
CARNATION

2. INTRODUCTION
Carnation (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)
Family:Caryophyllaceae.
‘Dianthus’isderivedfromtheGreekwords‘dios’meaning
‘God’or‘divine’and‘anthos’meaning‘flower’andhence
knownas‘DivineFlower’.
Thespeciesname‘caryophyllus’isderivedfromtheGreek
word‘caryan’meaning‘nut’and‘phyllon’meaning‘leaf’.
Thecommonname‘carnation’probablymusthavecome
fromtheGreekword‘coronation’becausetheseflowers
wereusedindecoratingthecrownofGreekathletes.
CarnationisthenationalflowerofSpain
ClavelinSpanish
passionanddesire

3. •Popular flower crop and ranks 2nd place in the
international market.
•Best for interior and out door decoration.
•Excellent keeping quality
•Ability to rehydrate
•Ability to withstand long distance transportation

4. IMPORTANCE AND USES
cut flowers, bedding, pots, borders, edging, indoors and
rock gardens.
Mother’s Day, Teachers’ Day and weddings.
Carnations are commercially utilized for extraction of
perfumein France and the Netherlands.
RеdCarnation-beers,wines,аndbeverages
manufacturingcompanies.Itiѕаlѕоuѕеdinmedicine
аѕacleansingsubstancewhiсhiѕuѕеdtоcleanthе
ѕkinwithоutdryingitаndаlѕоindecoratingdesserts,
sweets,аndcakes.

5. There are three main types of garden Carnation.
1.Border/malmaision
Carnation:-
Thisplantarestiffer
&haveabroadleaves
givingthemamassive
appearancetheflower
aredouble,fragrant,&
generallyhavepink
shade.

6. 2.Perpetual
Flowering carnation: -

This flower round
the year in several
flushes they are hybrid
involving many
dianthus spp.Flowers
are generally with long
stem & have a great
ability to with stand
long transportation
hence suitable for cut
flower.

7. 3.Marguerite or
Chabud:-

This annual
carnationhaveclove
cented.Singleordouble
flowerthatreproduce
fromseedstheblooms
arelargewhichdonot
lastverylongafter
harvestbutflowers
freelyforalargeperiod
&arecomperatively
easiertocultivate.

8. TYPES OF CARNATION:
VARIETY OF STANDARD TYPE
Domingo Master Baltico
Algar Fuente Falicon

9. 4/4/18
William Sim
Arthur Sim
Cobra
Lipstick
Gaudina

10. VARIETY OF SPRAY TYPE
Aveiro Fancy Fuego Osiris
Celebration Abril Belen

11. SOIL
Sandyloamsoilsrichinorganicmatter
contentwithpHof5.5-6.5aremostidealfor
carnationcultivation.
soilmustbewelldrainedbecausethecropis
highlysusceptibletofusariumwilt.

12. CLIMATE
Grownunderprotectedconditions
1.TEMPERATURE:
Idealnighttemperatureis10-11°Cduringwinterand13-
15.5°Cinsummer.Idealdaytemperatureis18-24°C.
2.LIGHT:
Longdayplant.Thecriticalphotoperiodformost
standardandspraycarnationsisabout13hours.
4/4/18

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3.HUMIDITY:
80-85%duringbeginningofvegetativegrowth
60-65%duringfullgrowthstage.
4.CO
2:
10-30%increaseinyieldinfluencedbyco2
treatmentand temperatureandlight
conditions.
CO2500-750ppmduringdaytimeunder
highlightintensityandinatemperaturerange
of14-15°C.

14. PROPAGATION
Terminal Cuttings Cuttings Planted In Portrays
Rooting of cuttings in protrays
Rooted cuttings

15. BED PREPARATION
Basal fertilizer application Beds ready for planting
Theidealbedwidthandheightare75-100cmand30-45cm
respectively.Thebedlengthshouldnotexceed25m.Apath
widthof45-50cmisideal.

16. 4/4/18

17. Planting in the squares of net
Spacing : 15cm x 10cm / 15cm x 15cm / 15cm x 20cm

18. METHOD OF PLANTING
Four row system Six row system
Grow-bag system of cultivation

19. Irrigation after planting

20. NUTRIENT MANAGEMENT
Basal dose: NPK@30:15:30g/m
2
Applications of N (80-200ppm)
and K
2O(200ppm) as fertigation
solution @200 liters
water/1000m
2
area resulted in
better plant growth and flower
production.

21. WATER MANAGEMENT
Spraying of water through misting has to be
done for at least two weeks.
After 3 weeks of planting, drip irrigation has to
be adopted.

22. SPECIAL OPERATION
PINCHING
Single pinching in standard carnation
Pinch and a half
Double pinch

23. DISBUDDING
Removal of axillary/ lateral buds

24. GR
•NAA 75 ppm and Kinetin 100ppm = early
colour development
•Two spray of GA3 1000 ppm = early flowering
and long stem
4/4/18

25. PLANT SUPPORT
Netting for plant support:4 layers
1st layer: 7.5 x 7.5 cm
2nd layer: 10 x 10 cm
3 rd layer: 12.5 x 12.5 cm
4 th layer: 15 x 15 cm

26. PLANT PROTECTION
a. Pest management
1.RedSpiderMite:-
Suckthesap,affectedleavesturnspaleandwitheredand
showsseverewebbing.affectedplantsbecomesstuntedand
distorted.
SprayDicofol@2ml/lorWettablesulphur@5g/lt.
Mite colony Nymphs and eggs Adult mite

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2.Aphids:-
Suck the sap from the leaves of growing
plants leading to reduce plant vigour.
also transmit carnation ring spot and
carnation mosaic viruses.
Spraying the plants with
Thiomethoxam 1 ml/l or Imidacloprid
17.8 SL 0.1 g/l tr.
Aphid
3.Thrips:-
Suck the sap from the leaves, causing
them to turn yellow and then patchy
white, often with black specks and
slight wrinkling.
Spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l
or Fenitrothion 50 EC @ 3.5 ml/l
Thrips infested flower

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4.BudBorer:-
Larvaefeedonleaves,flowerbuds
andflowers.
Spray Novaluron @ 3 ml/lit or
Indoxacarp 14.5 SL @
1 ml /l or Fenitrothion 50 EC at
1.5ml/hl.
5.Nematodes:-
Nematodes cause reduced root
system, stunted shoot
growth and reduction in the number
of blooms.
Apply Furadan, Aldicarp or
Nemaphos @ 10gm/m2
A larva feeding on
flower bud
Infested root

29. B. Disease management
1.Fusarium wilt :-
Affected plants show foliage wilting, Rotting of the stem
below ground level .
Drenching the soil with Benomyl (0.1%) or Ridomil (0.2%)
. Biological control with Bacillus subtilis, Streptomyces sp,
Trichoderma virideand Pseudomonas fluorescens
Fusarium wilt affected plants Rotting of stem

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3.Stem & Root rot:-
Show withering and yellowing of
foliage, leaf death, external
browning of stems and internal
browning at nodes.
Drenching with Benomyl @
2.5g/lit
2.Alternaria leaf spot:-
Pathogen causes spots on the
leaves and stems and the affected
leaves wither and die prematurely.
Foliar application of Dithane
M-45 @ 0.2% or Carbendazim @
0.1% controls the disease.
Leaf spot In leaves & In flower bud
Phytopthora stem rot

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4.Grey Mold:-
Affects the petals. Initially a wet
tan coloured blotch develops on
petal tips which spread rapidly to
produce a fluffy grey mould.
Benlate @ 0.1% controls this
disease.
Grey mould

32. c. Physiological Disorders
1.Calyx Splitting:-
Irregular or fluctuating temperature
Closer spacing
low boron levels enhance calyx splitting
Spray borax @ 0.1% and place a rubber band around
the calyx of the flower which has started opening.
Espana, Carboret, Pamir
borax @ 0.1%
a rubber band

33. •Slab side: cooler period
•Sleepiness of petal : ethylene
4/4/18

34. HARVESTING & YIELD:
Standard type flower harvested when their outer petals starts
to elongate outside calyx (paint brush stage).
Spray type flower harvested with 2-3 open flowers on each
stem.
Standard type : 300-350 flowers/m
2
(8 -12 flowers/plant)
Spray type: 250 flowers/m
2
Harvesting stage of Standard carnation and Spray carnation

35. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY
Harvesting Grading
Precooling Temperature
-1
0
C

36. Grades Fancy (Blue) Standard (Red)Short (Green)
Minimum flower
Diameter (mm)
Tight –50
Fairly Tight -62
Open -75
Tight –44
Fairly Tight -56
Open -69
Tight –none
Fairly Tight -none
Open -none
Minimum Stem
Length (cm )
55 43 30
Society of American Florists
(SAF)
Grading in Carnation

37. 4/4/18
Stripping Bunching Packing

38. PACKING