carnation Presentation.pptx

Cultivation of carnation

1. R.V.S.K.V.V GWALIOR (M.P.) K.N.K. COLLEGE OF HORTICULTURE MANDSAUR (M.P.)   SESSION 2021-22 TITLE :- cultivation of carnation Presented to: Presented by: Dr. Anuj kumar. Mayank parihar FLA precious year

2. Carnation Botanical name : dianthus caryophyllus Other name: divine flower, garden pink Family : Caryophyllaceae Chromosome no. : 2X=30 Origin : southern france

3. The genus name 'Dianthus' is derived from the Greek words 'dios' meaning 'God' or 'divine' and 'anthos' meaning 'flower' and hence known as 'Divine Flower’. The species name 'caryophyllus' is derived from the Greek word 'caryan' meaning 'nut' and 'phyllon' meaning 'leaf’. Carnation is the national flower of Spain.

4. Importance and use Carnations are excellent for cut flowers, bedding, pots, borders, edging, indoors and rock gardens. Carnations are often worn on special occasions, especially Mother's Day and weddings. Carnations are also used on Teachers' Day to express admiration and gratitude to teachers. Carnations are commercially utilized for extraction of perfume in France and the Netherlands. The volatile oil of carnation contains 40% benzyl benzoate, 30% eugenol, 7% phenylethyl alcohol, 5% benzyl salicylate and 1% methyl salicylate. About 100g of oil is obtained from 50okg of flowers.

5. Commercial carnation species Carnation type Originated from Perpetual carnation D. Caryophyllus × D.chinensis Marguerite carnation D.Chinensis × D. Caryophyllus Royal carnation Malmaison × perpetual carnation Malmaison carnation Seedlings of perpetual carnation Yellow carnation D.Knappi (2n = 20)

6. Carnation classified into four classes Marguerite Border or picotee Malmaison Perpetual carnation Annual Bushy type Massive habit Cut flower type Seed propagation Symmetrical flower Fragrance flower Better quality Fused petals Stem cutting Low shelf life

7. Variety IIHR : arka flame, arka tejas Suitable for green house White: white sim Pink: pink sim Scarlet: William sim and king cardinal Yellow: king midas golden wonder Tow toned variety: Dairymaid, eastern wonder, pelargonium and peppermint Tetraploid cultivars: sarafi Longest shelf life: Roland Resistance to fusarium wilt: albel and scarlet Transgenic carnation: florigen company: moon dust Colour violet purple

8. Soil and climate Temperature is one of the key factors that play an important role in growth and flowering of carnation. Ooty jn TN and mid hills of Himachal Pradesh are ideal for round the year flower production. carnation is a quantitative long day plant, it requires ample sunshine (approximately 21.5 k lux for at least are ideal for round-the-year flower production Since 8h in a day). The locations having a day temperature of 25°C and a night temperature of 10° C are good for high quality flower production of carnations. The optimum temperature for standard carnation is 18-23°C. Spray carnations can tolerate slightly warmer temperature. The relative humidity inside the greenhouse should be approximately 50-60%.

9. A rich sandy loam or loam soil is ideal for its successful cultivation. Soils with higher amount of clay or silt should be amended by incorporating organic matter or compost. Soil pH of 6-7 is ideal. The site chosen should be free from weeds, nematodes or soil-borne pathogens. Pre-plant sterilization is beneficial. Sterilization with steam, sun (solarization) or 5% formaline should be done.

10. Propogation Tarminal cutting Cutting planted in portrays Cutting planted in protrays Rooted cutting Perpetual carnation are commercially multiplied vegetatively by shoot tip cutting . Thease carnation can also be propogate by leaf cutting by in vito propogation. Seed propogation is normally practice in annual carnation for planting in pot, flower bed, well as the purpose of hybridization. Commercial propogators use micro-propogation (tissue culture) for producing disease ( Fusarium and virus ) free mother plant .

11. Bed prepration # The ideal bed width and height are 75 -100 cm and 30 45 cm respectively. The bed length should not exceed 25 m. A path width of 45 50o cm is ideal.

12. Planting Specing : 15cm x 10cm / 15cm ×15cm / 15cm × 20cm

13. Method of planting F O U R R O W S Y S T E M S I X R O W S Y S T E M

14. Nutrient requirements Carnation requirements- Primary nutrient: Nitrogen : 250g Phosphorus: 80g Potas:200g FYM: 5-10 kg Secondary nutrient: Calsium:125g Magnisium:40g Application of 200 ppm N and 200 ppm K,O in the irrigation water at every watering results in very good plant growth and production of quality flowers. Spray 0.1% urea and potassium nitrate (KNO,) and 1 ppm boron at 10 days interval till flowering.

15. Water management Praying of water through misting has to be done At least two weeks . After three weeks of planting, has to be adopted.

16. Special operations Pinch your carnations with your fingers. Single pinching : It is the removal of the main shoots below 5 pairs of leaves to give about 4-5 lateral shoots which produce flowers. This is done for early crop . Pinch-and-a-half: To extend the production time of carnation flowers , the pinch-and-a-half method is practised. This involves single pinching of the main stem, and later when the resulting shoots are long enough (8-10 cm or 30-35 days after first pinch), half of the largest shoots on each plant are pinched. This system reduces the amount of first crop and provides steady production of flowers without any peak time. Double pinch: It is the single pinching of the main shoots below 5 pairs of leaves and again the pinching of all laterals when they are 8-10 cm in length at 2-3 pairs of leaves approximately 30-35 days after first pinch. This is generally done for late harvesting or delaying the flowering period . Generally 8-10 shoots are retained.

17. Plant support In recent times, nets are used for supporting carnation plants. The netting can be done with GI wire of 16 gauge for length wise fixing and nylon threads for width.

18. Plant protection Pest management 1. Red spider mite – Suck the sap, affected leaves turns pale and withered and shows severe webbing. Affected plants becomes stunted and distorted. control – Spray Dicofol @ 2 ml/l or Wettable sulphur @ 5g/lt. Mite colony Nymphs and eggs Adult mite 2. Aphid – Suck the sap from the leaves of growing plants leading to reduce plant vigour. Also transmit carnation ring spot and carnation mosaic viruses. Control- Spraying the plants with Thiomethoxam 1 ml/l or Imidacloprid 17.8 SL 0.1 g/l tr. Aphid 3. Thrips- Suck the sap from the leaves, causing them to turn yellow and then patchy white, often with black specks and slight wrinkling. Control - Spray Dimethoate 30 EC @ 1 ml/l or Fenitrothion 50 EC @ 3.5 ml/l Thrips infested flower

19. 4. Bud border – Larvae feed on leaves, flower buds and flowers. Control – Spray Novaluron @ 3 ml/lit or Indoxacarp 14.5 SL @ 1 ml /l or Fenitrothion 50 EC at 1.5ml/hl. 5. Nematod - Nematodes cause reduced root system, stunted shoot growth and reduction in the number of blooms. Control- Furadan, Aldicarp or Nemaphos @ 10gm/m2 A larva feeding on flower bud Infested root

20. Disease management Fusarium wilt- Affected plants show foliage wilting, Rotting of the stem below ground level . Control- Drenching the soil with Benomyl (0.1%) or Ridomil (0.2%) . Biological control with Bacillus subtilis , Streptomyces spp , Trichoderma viride . Stem & Root rot:- Show withering and yellowing of foliage, leaf death, external browning of stems and internal browning at nodes. Control- Drenching with Benomyl @ 2.5g/lit

21. 3. Alterneria leaf spot- pathogen causes Spot on the Leaves and stem and The affected leaves Wither and die Prematurely. Control- foliar spray Dithane M-45@ 0.2% Or carbedazim @ 0.1% 4. Grey Mold:- Affects the petals. Initially a wet tan coloured blotch develops on petal tips which spread rapidly to produce a fluffy grey mould. Control- Benlate @ 0.1% 5.Bacterial wilt 6.Bud rot 7.Rust 8.Black spot

22. Physiological Disorders 1.Calyx Splitting:- Irregular or fluctuating temperature. Closer spacing. low boron levels enhance calyx splitting. Spray borax @ 0.1% and place a rubber band around the calyx of the flower which has started opening.

23. Harvesting Standard Type of flower harvested when Their outer petal starts to elongate outside calyx. ( Paint brus stage ). Spray type glower harvested With 2-3 open flower on each stem. Standerd type carnation– 300-350 Flower/m2 ( 8-10 flower per stem) Spray carnation- 250 flower per square meter. Standard type Standard type Spray type

24. POST HARVEST TECHNOLOGY Harvesting Grading Striping Bunching Packaging

25. Packaging Carnations packed in corrugated cardboard boxes(25 flower). The boxes should be well-insulated. Newspaper layers are placed between the layers to maintain high humidity and then when the container is filled, an insulated layer of paper is put across the box to cover the flowers completely.

26. Reference Hand book of horticulture – Dr K.L chadda Glaustas horticulture – P Muthukumar, R Selvakumar Floriculture at a glance- Desh Raj https://www.slideshare.net Google

27. Thank you