Carpentry (Workshop Technology) Tools and Joints (engineering)

Carpentry tool & Joints
CARPENTRY TOOLS

Try Square
Steel Rule
Marking Guage
Coping Saw
Tenon Saw
Penon Saw
Ironjack Plane
Benchwise

Tri square; This is used to mark lines at 90 degrees to a straight edge.
It is used to mark out lines square to the face edge and face side.
It may also be used to check if edges are straight. If the try square is placed on the edge of the material and held up to a light, any light shining through between the material and the try square blade indicates that the edge of the material is not straight.
etc.....

1. Carpentry tool & Joints

2. Types of wood

3. Man made wood

4. MDF Plywood

5. CARPENTRY TOOLS Try Square Steel Rule Marking Guage Coping Saw Tenon Saw Penon Saw Ironjack Plane Benchwise

6. Try Square    This is used to mark lines at 90 degrees to a straight edge. It is used to mark out lines square to the face edge and face side. It may also be used to check if edges are straight. If the try square is placed on the edge of the material and held up to a light, any light shining through between the material and the try square blade indicates that the edge of the material is not straight.

7. Steel Rule A steel rule is a very accurate marking and measuring tool. The steel is thin and the markings on the rule are very fine. The measurements are in millimetres on one edge and inches on the other. The steel rule can also be used as a straight edge to check if materials or edges of materials are straight .  

8. A Marking Gauge     The marking gauge is used on wood. It is used to mark straight lines parallel to a straight edge. The marking tool has an adjustable stock (the stock slides up and down the stem) and is set using a steel rule. When in use the stock must be pressed tightly against the face edge of the material. It is pushed away from the body with the spur (back end of the pin) inclined at an angle. The point should leave a narrow groove along the face surface.

9. A Coping Saw      Coping saws are used to remove complicated shapes and cut curves in woods and plastics. The blade is held in a frame and may be easily replaced if broken. The teeth of the blade point backwards towards the handle. The saw cuts on the pull stroke and not on the forward stroke. This is because the blade is too flexible to be pushed. The blade can be angled in the frame if the frame gets in the way when cutting larger sheet materials.

10. A Tenon Saw     Tenon saws are used to cut straight cuts in wood and some plastics. This type of saw has a stiff back and is suitable for detailed cuts. The saws without this type of stiff back are more flexible and are designed to cut large panels. The tenon saw is generally used to cut woodwork joints.

11. Large panels or sheets of materials for example plywood or M.D.F require larger ripsaws in order to cut them by hand. Sheets that are small enough may be held in the vice whereas larger sheets may need to be supported on special types of portable carpenter's supports called trestles. A Panel Saw

12. Wood rasp file A  rasp  is coarse form of  file  used for coarsely shaping wood or other material.  They have forward-facing cutting teeth and cut when pushed over either a stationary or rotating work piece Single-cut teeth are single rows cut diagonally across the width of the file. Double-cut teeth have two sets of rows cut in opposite directions.

13. Clamps

14. WOOD PLANES  1. Ironjack Plane is used to make smooth surface.  2. It is made of Cast Iron.

15. A bench vice is secured on the work bench to grip work piece while it is worked on. BENCH VICE

16. Wood joints  Disadvantages Time-consuming Require skill – difficult to make Special tools needed Advantages Give strength Long lasting Decorative Resist forces well

17. Butt joints • • • • Simple joints Need nails or screws Rebate will give strength Greater glue area

18. Butt joints – joining boards Simple edge joints used for making wide boards Can be strengthened using biscuit joints or tongues Boards arranged with alternating end grain to prevent warping

19. Edge joints  Simple joints  Join narrow boards together to make wider boards  Strengthened with Tongue & groove Loose tongues Biscuit joint

20. Halving joints  The two halves of the joint make up the full thickness  Uses Frames Rails

21. Housing joints Uses Shelved units Dividers for boxes

22. Bridle joints  Uses Frames Doors Making tables Making chairs

23. More bridle joints  Uses Frames Doors Making tables Making chairs

24. Finger joint  Large glue area  Common joint  Odd number of fingers  Uses Joining corners of frames and boxes Cabinet construction

25. Mortise and tenon joints  Widely used  Large glue area gives strength  A number of different types  Uses Frames Doors Tables & chairs

26. Mortise and tenon joints  Barefaced mortise and tenon joint – Barefaced tenon has only one shoulder

27. Mortise and tenon joints • Stopped mortise and tenon joint • Wedged mortise and tenon joint

28. Mortise and tenon joints  Twin mortise and tenon joint Greater glue area and a stronger joint Used when a wide tenon could become loose with shrinkage

29. Haunched mortise and tenon joint Mortise and tenon joints

30. Slope of the dovetail Softwood Hardwood 1 : 6 1 : 8 Dovetail joints  Strong joint  Attractive  Dovetail tightens when a pulling force is applied  Use – Drawers

31. Slope of the dovetail Softwood Hardwood 1 : 6 1 : 8 Slope of dovetail joints

32. Dovetail joints  Tee dovetail halving joint  Single through dovetail joint  Uses Corners of boxes Where rails meet legs

33.  Through dovetail joint  Uses Box carcases Drawer carcases Dovetail joints  Lapped dovetail joint  Used Where strength is needed, but the front end grain of the tails has to be hidden Drawer fronts

34. Screws  Screws are used to hold a joint together  First, a pilot hole is drilled and then countersunk

35. Screws and plugs  Screw is hidden with a round wooden plug

36. Joint block  Allow pieces to be taken apart  Not very strong or attractive  Knock-down fitting  Wooden blocks can also be made to do the same thing

37. Mitre joint  A simple form of joint that can be strengthened with loose tongues, biscuits or dowels

38. Dowel joint  Used in place of mortise and tenon  Dowel is a wooden cylinder  A dowelling jig is used