Carrier in VLSI Introduction of VLSI.pptx

VlSI

1. www. gmrgroup .in Design your career in VLSI Presented by: Dr. Vasudeva Bevara Dept. of ECE

2. Outline What is VLSI? Why VLSI? Where is the demand? What roles to choose? How much rewarding can it be? How to get chosen? Where to start? How to deal with the VLSI circuits? Career opportunities for fresher's Internship advice Conclusions

3. What is VLSI? VERY LARGE SCALE INTEGRATED CIRCUIT (VLSI) Technique where many circuit components and the wiring that connects them are manufactured simultaneously into a compact, reliable and inexpensive chip.

4. Why VLSI? Indentify the Image 5 MB Hard Drive being Shipped by IBM - 1956.

5. Why VLSI? Indentify the Image This is Called VLSI Advancement ! 5MB (IBM)- 1956, Cost - $10,000/ 1 MB 10 TB (WB)- 20 2 3

6. Why VLSI? Indentify the Image This is Called VLSI Advancement ! Charles Babbage designed the first computer, starting in 1823

7. How large is Very Large? SSI (small scale integration) 7400 series, 10-100 transistors MSI (medium scale integration) 74000 series 100-1000 LSI (large scale integration) 1,000-10,000 transistors VLSI (very large scale integration) > 10,000 transistors ULSI/GLSI (some disagreement)

8. Why VLSI? Semiconductor chip is demanding to accommodate with high density of components and speed of processing - needs high caliber brain knowledge to design VLSI circuits. VLSI field offers ample opportunities for professionals with subject-matter expertise in electronics, both in terms of challenging roles and monetary rewards. India's VLSI industry is growing at a rate of 20% annually. Semiconductor Association India predicts 1.5 million jobs by 2015 in India There is no dearth of job for VLSI designers in India. In fact, the demand is in excess when compared to supply. “Even though around 250,000 engineers are graduating in electronics and other related streams every year, less than 3% of them are equipped with the knowledge and skills needed for the VLSI industry.”

9. Why You Should Care VLSI ? One day you will graduate, then what? What you can get from your education? What are your options? Possibilities you might not have thought of now What VLSI can do for you? Although India traditionally does not have a large semiconductor waferfab presence, but there are large number of VLSI design centres. Knowledge of VLSI design can lead you to anywhere in the world.

10. Spectrum of Approaches to VLSI

11. Specifications I/O, Goals and Objectives, Function, Costs Architectural Description VLHD, Verilog , Behavioral, Large Blocks Logic Design Gates plus Registers Circuit Design Transistors sized for power and speed Discrete Logic, Technology Mapping Layout Size, Interconnect, Parasitics Levels of Design

12. 12 More than Moore: Diversification More Moore: Miniaturization Combining SoC and SiP: Higher Value Systems Baseline CMOS: CPU, Memory, Logic Biochips Sensors Actuators [e.g. MEMS] HV Power Analog/RF Passives 130nm 90nm 65nm 45nm 32nm 22nm 16 nm . . . V Information Processing Digital content System-on-chip (SoC) Beyond CMOS Interacting with people and environment Non-digital content System-in-package (SiP) Source: 2011 ITRS - Exec. Summary The Concept of Moore’s Law and More

13. Evolution of VLSI Design System Architecture

14. MICROWIND TOOL DESIGN FLOW

15. India’s Emergence as a Global R&D Hub Availability of High-Quality Low-Cost S&T Manpower Over 100 of Fortune 500 Companies have set-up R&D bases in India. These R&D bases have been remarkably cost-effective Over 1000 patents filed, The new phenomenon of “brain-gain” Increase in demand for highly skilled resources in frontier areas of IT, S&T, and VLSI Tech 4000 to 5000 VLSI Engineers needed per year (Current output : About 300 per year). How to scale up numbers and What is the real need?

16. What the Industries need? Students who are “Industry friendly” and not necessarily “Industry ready” Have the answers for “Why” and “What” and the Industries will train them on “How”. What is the process of logic synthesis? What are constraints and why are they important? What is a path? What are setup and hold times? Why does an interconnect produce a delay? Good in basic and advanced digital VLSI design/Comp..Sc concepts. Building complex functions from basic gates/flops Data structures, algorithms and compilers . Knowledge on VLSI design flows Full custom, ASIC, FPGA Concept of libraries, timing etc Typically used primitives such as DFF . Hands-on Industrially oriented project---A definite bonus. Skills on researching a given subject---Need to know how to find information. Soft skills---Team work, Communication

17. Industry Expectations of New Hires Technical Skills Technical expertise in specific field. Analytical capabilities. Continuing knowledge growth. Internship/co-op experience Design experience Multidisciplinary experience Non-technical Skills Teamwork/interpersonal skills Written and oral communication skills, email communication Presentation and selling skills Understanding of economics, value and cost Business and travel etiquette Managing without authority, leadership

18. Where is the demand? Texas Instruments PMC Sierra. Infineon Alliance Semiconductor Freescale Semiconductor Analog Devices Cadence Synopsys Mentor Graphics HCL Intel Lucent Micron Tech National Semiconductor Motorola NXP Semiconductor Qualcomm Sasken Atrenta Conexant , Moschip Cradle Tech Syplicity Wipro TCS eInfochips . IBM LSI AMD Many more Major recruiters in this field :

19. How to get chosen? For VLSI design, companies prefer BE/ B.Tech , ME/ M.Tech and PhD holders with specialization in electronics, telecommunications and computer engineering domains. Typically, should have hands-on experience in systems design, digital application specific integrated circuit (ASIC) design, physical design, mixed-signal IC design, VHDL or Verilog or system C (very high-speed integrated circuit), VLSI design, circuit design and simulations, microcontrollers, digital PCB design and routing. The recruitment is based on a written test followed by an interview. The subject of VLSI design is quite vast. It is not fair to expect both breadth and depth from a fresh graduates. At the undergraduate level, it is expected to have good understanding of fundamental concepts. Good project work with presentation skills, team leadership makes you to get selected easily. Publications in IEEE conference/standard reviewed journals will be an excellent addition .

20. Where to start? Get industry-friendly before getting on the job The syllabus in your curricula may not enough to fetch you a job in the VLSI industry. You need to have an extra knowledge in VLSI to get selected. For working in this field, it is mandatory to have in-depth knowledge of semiconductors, devices, circuits, system with good computing skills. Though an engineering degree is the obvious qualification to earn, graduate and postgraduates in physics also qualify to become an engineer. The physics of semiconductor devices is the fundamental basis of VLSI. When to start? The earlier, the better. Academically, the right time to acquaint yourself with this niche field of electronics is start early say in second year Solid Verilog /VHDL skills, familiarity with front-end design cycle, knowledge of synthesis and simulation tools, sound digital design fundamentals and knowledge of microprocessors would be an added advantage for any aspiring candidate.

21. What roles to choose? The main job roles in this industry are: Design engineer: Takes specifications, defines architecture, does circuit design, provide consultancy for layout, tapes out the chip to the foundry and evaluates the prototype once the chip comes back from the lab. Product Engineer :  Responsible for production release and works as a team leader of the project. He ensures manufacturability, develops characterization plan, assembly guidelines, quality and reliability plan. Evaluates the chip with the design and verification engineer, through characterization, from the reliability qualification and manufacturing yield, point of view (statistical data analysis). Test Engineer : Develops test plan for the chip based on specifications and data sheet, creates characterization and production program for the bench test or the ATE (Automatic Test Equipment), designs test board hardware, correlates ATE results with the bench results to validate silicon to compare with simulation results. The work of Product and Test engineer are interdependent. Test engineer work closely with Product engineer to ensure smooth release to production and post release support.

22. What roles to choose? Applications/Systems Engineer : Defines new products from system point of view at the customer's end, based on marketing input. Responsibility is to ensure the chip works in the system designed or used by the customers, and complies with standards. Process Engineer : This is a highly specialized function which involves new wafer process development, device modeling and lots of research and development projects. Packaging Engineer: This is another highly specialized job function generally part of System Engineering team. Develops precision packaging technology, new package designs for the chips, does the characterization of new packages, and does electrical modeling of the new designs. CAD Engineer : This is an engineering function that supports the design engineering function. Responsible for acquiring, maintaining or developing all CAD tools used by all other engineers. Responsible to evaluate and integrate new tools in the company specific flow

23. How much rewarding can it be? Generally, salaries are based on individual skillsets and qualifications. An engineer with a bachelor’s degree can expect anything between Rs 6 to 15 lakhs per annum. Many companies give higher salaries to engineers with M.Tech /PhD degrees. Design engineers are the most sought after because of the industry’s emphasis on continuous new product development, miniaturisation and innovation in integration. Based on continual performance, knowledge and competence, you can expect steep growth in remuneration as well as roles and responsibilities. The growth prospects for professionals in Indian companies are definitely promising given the scarcity of talent. An young engineer can easily grow to become a team leader or project manager in a span of six to nine years. The ability to handle multitasking jobs may be a defining factor. As you gain experience, this field offers one of the best growth potentials, both on the technical as well as management front. Though the global recession has hugely affected starting salaries in the private sector at present, the previous year’s industry feedback reveals an average pay package will be > Rs 15 lakhs per annum for a four to five year experienced professional

24. Conclusions Many opportunities for talented, sincere and hardworking students. Academia and industry should work in partnership for win-win situation Faculty should be from both academic and industry Government should support in opening the IITs and other research laboratories for student projects to work with well equipped facilities and the staff Academic curriculum preparation needs industry participation and should change inline with industry requirements from time to time.