Case Study on Hydropower and its significance.pdf

Case Study on Hydropower and its significance in sustainable future.

1. PRESENTED BY :
HAMNA EHSAN
ROLL NO :
2023-MS-RES-02
RENEWABLE

2. Hydropower content
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INTRODUCTION
WORLD RESOURCES
HYDROPOWER IN
ASIA

HYDROPOWER IN
PAKISTAN

3. HYDROPOWER
One of the oldest and largest sources of renewable energy, which uses
the natural flow of moving water to generate electricity

4. Hydropower is a form of renewable energy that harnesses the
energy of flowing or falling water to generate electricity. It typically
involves building dams across rivers or streams to create reservoirs
of water at higher elevations. When water is released from these
reservoirs,it flows through turbines, which are connected to
generators, and the kinetic energy of the moving water is converted
into electricity.
Hydropower
Introduction

5. Significance of hydropower
Clean Energy: Hydropower produces
electricity without emitting greenhouse
gases or other pollutants, making it
environmentally friendly compared to
fossil fuels like coal or oil.
Renewable Resource: Unlike finite
fossil fuels, water is a renewable
resource that is continuously
replenished by the water cycle,
ensuring a long-term and sustainable
energy source.
Flexible Generation: Hydropower
facilities can adjust their electricity
output quickly to meet changes in
demand, making them valuable for
maintaining grid stability and reliability.
Base Load Power: Hydropower plants can
provide a steady and reliable source of
electricity, serving as base load power for
energy grids. This stability is essential for
balancing the intermittent nature of other
renewable energy sources like wind and
solar.
Water Management: Hydropower projects
often include water management features
such as flood control, irrigation, and water
supply, providing additional societal
benefits beyond electricity generation.

6. Types of hydropower
•Run-of-river hydropower: a facility that channels flowing water from a river
through a canal or penstock to spin a turbine.

•Storage hydropower: typically a large system that uses a dam to store water in a
reservoir.

•Pumped storage hydropower: provides peak-load supply, harnessing water
which is cycled between a lower and upper reservoir by pumps which use surplus
energy from the system at times of low demand.

•Offshore hydropower: a less established but growing group of technologies
that use tidal currents or the power of waves to generate electricity from seawater.

8. Countries leading in hydropower
production and the world wide use

Hydropower is one of the most widely used sources of renewable energy globally,
with numerous countries harnessing the power of water to generate electricity. Its
usage varies widely depending on factors such as geography, available water
resources, and technological advancements. Here's an overview of the worldwide
use of hydropower and some countries leading in its production:

•China: China leads the world in hydropower production, with a vast network of
dams and hydroelectric plants. The Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River is
the world's largest hydroel-ectric power station in terms of installed capacity.

9. Countries leading in hydropower
production and the world wide use

•Brazil: Brazil is another major player in hydropower, thanks to its
extensive river systems like the Amazon and the Paraná. The Itaipu
Dam, located on the Paraná River between Brazil and Paraguay, is
one of the largest hydroelectric facilities in the world.

•United States: The U.S. has a significant hydropower capacity,
primarily in the Pacific Northwest and the Southeast regions. The
Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and the Grand Coulee Dam on
the Columbia River are among the most iconic hydroelectric
projects in the country.

10. Countries leading in hydropower
production and the world wide use

•Canada: Canada boasts abundant water resources, and hydropower
plays a crucial role in its energy mix. The country's hydropower potential
is particularly concentrated in provinces like Quebec, British Columbia
and Manitoba.
•Russia: Russia has vast untapped hydropower potential, primarily in
Siberia and the Far East regions. The Sayano-Shushenskaya Dam on
the Yenisei River is one of the largest hydroelectric plants in the country.

11. Countries leading in hydropower
production and the world wide use

•Norway: Norway relies heavily on hydropower for electricity generation,
with over 95% of its electricity coming from hydroelectric plants. Its
mountainous terrain and abundant rainfall make it well-suited for hydro
power development.
•India: India has been rapidly expanding its hydropower capacity to meet
its growing energy demands. The Sardar Sarovar Dam on the Narmada
River and the Tehri Dam on the Bhagirathi River are among its notable
hydroelectric projects.

12. Hydro power by country
In 2022 hydro generated 4,289 TWh, 15% of total electricity and half
of renewables. Of the world total


•China (30%) produced the most
• Brazil (10%)
• Canada (9.2%)
•the United States (5.8%)
•Russia (4.6%)

13. Hydro power by country
Country
Gen % Cap. % cap. Cap.
(TWh) gen. (GW) growth fac.
World 4288.59 15 1255.45 1.7 39%
China 1303.13 14.7 367.71 3.7 40%
Brazil 428.06 62.9 109.81 0.4 44%
Canada 392.51 61.5 83.55 1 54%
United States 248.76 5.8 83.85 0.1 34%
Russia 197.41 17.6 51.4 0 44%
India 174.92 9.4 47.22 0.9 42%
Norway 134.86 88.3 34.12 0.2 45%
Vietnam 95.96 36.9 21.86 1.3 50%
Japan 74.88 7.2 28.2 0.3 30%
Sweden 69.38 40.3 16.41 0 48%
Turkey 67.09 20.6 31.57 0.3 24%
Colombia 62.01 73.4 12.56 5 56%
Venezuela (2021) 61 64.4 16.83 0 41%
France 46.29 9.8 24.56 0 22%

14. Hydro power by country

15. Leading countries by hydropower
consumption worldwide in 2022

16. Worldwide hydropower consumption from 2015 to 2019
2018
2017
2016
2015
Around 4,000 to 4,200
terawatt-hours (TWh)
Around 4,200 to 4,400 TWh
Around 4,300 to 4,500 TWhAround 4,100 to 4,300 TWh
2019
Around 4,400 to 4,600 TWh

17. Electricity consumption and access in South Asian
countries
Compares the countries in
South Asia, except the
Maldives and Sri Lanka,
plus Japan and the United
States. Of these countries,
only Bhutan provides
everyone access to
electricity. Overall,electric
power consumption is quite
low compared with Japan
or the United States.

18. Hydropower in south Asia
•Energy Demand in South Asia

•Growing population and economic development driving energy demand.
•Climate change necessitates low-carbon energy solutions.

•Hydropower Potential

•Significant potential in Bhutan, Nepal, and other South Asian countries.
•Key resource for meeting future energy needs.

•Challenges
•Environmental impacts: habitat disruption, ecosystem alteration.
•Social equity concerns: displacement of communities, benefit distribution.

19. Hydropower in south Asia
•Competition with Other Sources

•Solar and wind energy gaining importance.
•Comparative cost analysis necessary for informed decision-making.

•Financial and Environmental Considerations

•Financial risks associated with hydropower development.
•Need for sustainable financing mechanisms.
•Environmental mitigation strategies essential for long-term sustainability.

•Opportunities and Strategies

•Cross-border energy trade for resource optimization.
•Integration of risk analysis and management.
•Development of comprehensive policy frameworks for sustainable energy transition.

20. Sources of electricity generation in South Asian countries, 2017
(percentage of total electricity generation).
Potential and installed hydropower capacity in South Asian
countries.

21. Hydropower in Pakistan
According to GlobalData, hydropower accounted for 24% of Pakistan’s total installed
power generation capacity and 24% of total power generation in 2021. GlobalData uses
proprietary data and analytics to provide a complete picture of this market in its Pakistan
Hydropower

22. The top operating hydropower plants
in Pakistan
Plant Name
State / Province
or Sea / Water
Body Owner
Turbine
Manufacturers Developer Year Online
Ghazi Barotha
Islamabad
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority
Toshiba Hydro
Power (Hanzhou);
Voith Hydro
Holding
Dongfang Electric;
Sinohydro 2003
Mangla Dam
Project
Azad Kashmir
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority
CKD Blansko
Holding;
Escherwyse-
ACEC; Hitachi;
Mitsubishi Heavy
Industries; SKODA
JS 1967
Karot
Punjab Karot Power Co Karot Power Co2022

23. The top operating hydropower plants
in Pakistan
Plant Name
State / Province
or Sea / Water
Body Owner
Turbine
Manufacturers Developer Year Online
Warsak
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority
Canadian General
Electric
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority 1960
Chashma
Punjab
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority Fuji Electric 2001
Patrind
Azad Kashmir
Daewoo
Engineering &
Construction;
Korea Water
Resources Star Hydro Power2017

24. The top operating hydropower plants
in Pakistan
Plant Name
State / Province
or Sea / Water
Body Owner
Turbine
Manufacturers Developer Year Online
Allai Khawar
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority Andritz Hydro Dongfang Electric2013
Golen Gol
Khyber
Pakhtunkhwa
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority Andritz Hydro
Pakistan Water
and Power
Development
Authority 2018
Gulpur
Azad Kashmir
Daelim
Engineering;
Korea South-East
Power; LOTTE
Engineering &
Construction Andritz Hydro Mira Power 2020

25. Thank You