case study on wind energy and its significance.pdf

case study on wind energy

1. Submitted To:
Prof. Dr. Tauseef Aized Khan
Submitted By:
Kashif Abbas (2023-MS-RES-06)

Department of Mechanical Engineering
Wind Energy: A Case Study
University of Engineering and Technology
Lahore

2. Introduction to Wind Energy
Global Potential of Wind Energy
World’s Best Utilization of Wind Energy
South Asia Situation and Position in Wind Energy
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy
Contents

3. The energy produced by wind turbine from wind by
flowing through it, is called wind energy, as shown
in figure 1.
A stream of air flows across the wind turbine,
which rotates the blades of wind turbine.
The rotation of blades rotates the shaft of turbine
which causes electricity energy through a generator.
Figure 1. Air flows through a wind
turbine
Introduction to Wind Energy

4. The kinetic energy of wind is converted into rotational energy by the turbine blades
which then converted into electrical energy by the turbine shaft and generator.
Wind results from the movement of air due to atmospheric pressure gradients.
Wind flows from regions of higher pressure to regions of lower pressure. The larger
the atmospheric pressure gradient, the higher the wind speed and thus, the greater
the wind power that can be captured from the wind by means of wind
energy-converting machinery.
Introduction to Wind Energy

5. The generation and movement of wind are complicated due to a number of factors.
Among them, the most important factors are uneven solar heating and local
geographical conditions.
It has been estimated that the total solar power received by the earth is
approximately 1.8 × 10^11 MW.
Of this solar input, only 2% (i.e. 3.6 × 10^9 MW) is converted into wind energy and
about 35% of wind energy is dissipated within 1000 m of the earth’s surface.
Therefore, the available wind power that can be converted into other forms of
energy is approximately 1.26 × 10^9 MW.
Introduction to Wind Energy

6. Compared with traditional energy sources, wind energy has a number of benefits
and advantages.
Unlike fossil fuels that emit harmful gases and nuclear power that generates
radioactive wastes, wind power is a clean and environmentally friendly energy
source.
As an inexhaustible and free energy source, it is available and plentiful in most
regions of the earth.
Introduction to Wind Energy

7. In addition, more extensive use of wind power would help reduce the demands for
fossil fuels, which may run out sometime in this century, according to their present
consumptions.
Furthermore, the cost per kWh of wind power is much lower than that of solar
power.
Thus, as the most promising energy source, wind energy is believed to play a
critical role in global power supply in the 21st century.
Introduction to Wind Energy

9. Wind energy potential is present almost everywhere around the globe. But few
areas have high potentials for wind energy as shown in figure 2, issued by the
World Bank under ESMAP ( Energy Sector Management Assistance Program).
It shows the global, annual offshore and onshore wind distribution at an average
speed at a height of 100 m.
Global Potential of Wind Energy

10. Different colorful
regions shows different
wind speed:
•Blue region shows
speed of 2.5-4m/s
•Green shows range of
5-6m/s
•Yellow shows speed of
6.5m/s
•Orange shows
7-8.5m/s
•Red shows 8.5-9.75m/s
Figure 2. Global Wind Atlas
Global Potential of Wind Energy

11. This figure shows the wind
energy generation history from
1987 up until 2017 or 2018 in
blues, and then the projection
into the future at 2 different
growth rates. So we know that
the history up until now, wind
energy generation has grown
at about 25% per year, which
is a remarkable growth rate.
Figure 3. Global Wind Energy
Generation History and Projection
Global Potential of Wind Energy

12. Figure 4. Global Wind Energy Potential Zoom Out View
Global Potential of Wind Energy

13. Figure 5. Global Wind Energy Generation
Global Potential of Wind Energy

14. Figure 6. Global Wind Energy Generation Vs Capacity
Global Potential of Wind Energy

15. Figure 7. Global Wind Energy Generation Vs Capacity
Global Potential of Wind Energy

16. Figure 8. Global Wind Energy Generation
Global Potential of Wind Energy

17. Figure 9. Global Wind Energy Generation
Global Potential of Wind Energy

18. Figure 10. Global Wind Energy Capacity
Global Potential of Wind Energy

19. Figure 11. Top 10 Global Wind Energy Producing
Countries
Top 10 countries for the year 2022 in
producing most wind energy in the
world are shown in figure 11.
The first half of 2023 saw the highest
recorded intake of global wind turbine
installations. This new record means that
the current intake of wind power now
sits at 69.5GW, a 12% increase from
2022.
Global Potential of Wind Energy

20. Figure 12. Countries with best utilization of wind
energy
Denmark is top most in
the world by best
utilization of wind
energy by taking 47% of
its total demand of
energy as shown in the
figure 12.
World’s Best Utilization of Wind Energy

21. Figure 13. South Asia Position in Wind Energy
Figure no. 13 shows the
position of South Asia in
wind energy. China and India
both are being in top
producing countries also
leading the list in South Asia
too. India has medium wind
speed while China has higher
wind speed to produce wind
energy.
South Asia Situation and Position in Wind Energy

22. Figure 14. Asia Wind Energy Generation
South Asia Situation and Position in Wind Energy

23. Figure 16. Asia Wind Energy Generation
South Asia Situation and Position in Wind Energy

24. Figure 17. Pakistan Position in Wind Energy
Figure 17 shows
Pakistan’s position and
situation in wind energy.
Coastal areas of
Baluchistan and Sindh
has highest capacity of
wind energy. Punjab has
medium wind speed of
wind.
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

25. Figure 18. Pakistan Position in Wind Energy
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

26. Figure 19. Pakistan Position in Wind Energy
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

27. Figure 20. Comparison of Pakistan with Asia and
World in Wind Power Generation
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

28. Figure 21. Comparison of Pakistan with Asia and
World in Wind Power Generation
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

29. First wind project of 50 MW was installed by Fauji
Fertilizer Company Energy Limited (FFC) in 2013.
Now 6 wind power projects with a cumulative
capacity of 308.2 MW are operational in wind
corridors of Jhimpir and Gharo-Keti Bandar, Sindh
Province.
These projects with their Commercial Operation
Date (COD), capacity and location are detailed in
Table 2.

Fig. 22 (a)Wind farm of 56.4 MW in Jhimpir.
(b) Wind farm in Gharo.
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

30. Table 2. Operational wind power plants.
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy

31. The net amount of wind energy to
national grid station is 1235 MW as
shown by NTDC report for the year
2021-22 in figure 23.
Fig. 23 Generation Statistics of NTDC for FY
2021-22
Pakistan’s Position and Situation in Wind Energy