Cathlab procedures, it's contains what are the procedure doing in the cathlab and some important notes about it.

Cath lab is an examination room in a hospital or clinic with diagnostic imaging equipment used to visualize the arteries of the heart and the chambers of the heart and treat any stenosis or abnormality found.

1. CATHLAB PROCEDURES

2. CATHLAB PROCEDURES

3. CONT… ALSO DIVIDED INTO CARDIAC AND NON CARDIAC CASES

4. DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY PERIPHERAL ANGIO CARDIAC CATHETERIZATION VENTRICULOGRAPHY GREAT VESSEL ANGIOGRAPHY(AO/PA) FFR/ IFR IVUS/ OCT(IMAGING) CEREBRAL ANGIO/4 VESSEL ANGIO VENOGRAM RENAL ANGIO/ HEPATIC ANGIO/MESENTRIC ANGIO COLONOGRAM EP STUDY LOOP RECORDER NEPHROGRAM FISTULOGRAM

5. TREATMENT(CARDIO) PTCA PRIMARY PTCA ASD/ VSD/ PDA/ LAA/ RSOV DEVICE CLOSURE PARAVALVULAR LEAK CLOSURE PACEMAKER/ ICD/ CRT D/P ALCHOL SEPTAL ABLATION RF ABLATION TPI/ IABP/ IMPELLA IMPLANTATION ROTABLATOR TAVI MITRAL VALVE CLIPPING

6. TREATMENT (NON CARDIAC) PEREPHERAL PLASTY FISTULOPLASTY IVC FILTER VENOPLASTY CAROTID STENTING MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY CEREBRAL ANEURYSM COILING/ GLUE/ FLOW DIVERTER CEREBRAL AVM GLUE CEREBRAL STENTING EMBOLIZATION

7. CONT.. RENAL STENTING AORTIC STENT GRAFT PTBD NEPHROSTOMY URETRIC STENTING/D J STENTING PERMCATH INSERTION/ IJ INSERTION TACE/TARE LIVER BIOSPY TIPS HEPATIC STENTING

8. EMERGENCY PROCEDURES PRIMARY PTCA MECHANICAL THROMBECTOMY EMBOLIZATION TPI IABP

9. WHAT IS ANGIO GRAPHY ANGIO MEANS : RELATING TO BLOOD VESSELS ANGIOGRAPHY MEANS: RADIOGRAPHY OF BLOOD OR LYMPH VESSELS, CARRIED OUT AFTER INTRODUCTION OF A RADIOPAQUE SUBSTANCE(CONTRAST/DYE).

10. ANGIOPLASTY ANGIOPLASTY , ALSO KNOWN AS  BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY  AND  PERCUTANEOUS TRANSLUMINAL ANGIOPLASTY  ( PTA ), IS A  MINIMALLY INVASIVE ,  ENDOVASCULAR   PROCEDURE  TO WIDEN NARROWED OR OBSTRUCTED ARTERIES OR VEINS, TYPICALLY TO TREAT ARTERIAL  ATHEROSCLEROSIS . A DEFLATED BALLOON ATTACHED TO A CATHETER (A  BALLOON CATHETER ) IS PASSED OVER A GUIDE-WIRE INTO THE  NARROWED   VESSEL  AND THEN INFLATED TO A FIXED SIZE. THE BALLOON FORCES EXPANSION OF THE BLOOD VESSEL AND THE SURROUNDING MUSCULAR WALL, ALLOWING AN IMPROVED BLOOD FLOW. A  STENT  MAY BE INSERTED AT THE TIME OF BALLOONING TO ENSURE THE VESSEL REMAINS OPEN, AND THE BALLOON IS THEN DEFLATED AND WITHDRAWN. ANGIOPLASTY HAS COME TO INCLUDE ALL MANNER OF  VASCULAR  INTERVENTIONS THAT ARE TYPICALLY PERFORMED  PERCUTANEOUSLY . THE WORD IS COMPOSED OF THE COMBINING FORMS OF THE  GREEK  WORDS ἀΓΓΕῖΟΝ   ANGEÎON  "VESSEL" OR "CAVITY" (OF THE HUMAN BODY) AND ΠΛΆΣΣΩ  PLÁSSŌ  "FORM" OR "MOULD".

11. What is a closure device? Closure devices are used to close a defect or an opening between the right and left sides of the heart. Some of these birth defects are located in the wall (septum) between the upper chambers (atria) /lower chambers of the heart or at the great artery level : Patent Foramen Ovale  (PFO) Atrial Septal Defect  (ASD) VENTRICULAR SEPTAL DEFECT(VSD ) PATENT DUCTUS ATERIOUSIS(PDA)

12. EPS AND RFA An EP study is a test that shows how electrical signals move in pathways through your heart. When the pathway is normal, your heart beat is regular. When these signals are abnormal, your heartbeat is irregular. An irregular heartbeat is called an arrhythmia ( ahrRITH - mee -ah). RFA is a procedure used to treat some types of arrhythmias. In most cases, it can be done at the same time as an EP study. Your doctor will tell you if you are scheduled for an EP study, an RFA procedure, or both.

13. LOOP RECORDER An  implantable loop recorder  ( ILR ), also known as an  insertable cardiac monitor , is a small device about the size of a pack of  chewing gum  or  USB  memory stick that is implanted just under the skin of the chest for  cardiac monitoring  (that is, to record  the heart's electrical activity ). [1]

14. LOOP RECOREDER

15. LAA CLOSURE

16. LAA CLOSURE Left atrial appendage occlusion  (LAAO), also referred to as  Left atrial appendage closure  (LAAC) is a treatment strategy to reduce the risk of  left atrial appendage blood clots from entering the bloodstream and causing a  stroke  in patients with non- valvular   atrial fibrillation  (AF). In non- valvular AF, over 90% of stroke-causing clots that come from the heart are formed in the left atrial appendage. [1]  The most common treatment for AF stroke risk is treatment with blood-thinning medications, also called  oral anticoagulants , which reduce the chance for blood clots to form. These medications (which include  warfarin , and other newer approved blood thinners) are very effective in lowering the risk of stroke in AF patients. Most patients can safely take these medications for years (and even decades) without serious side effects. However, some patients find that blood thinning medications can be difficult to tolerate or are risky. Because they prevent blood clots by thinning the blood, blood thinners can increase the risk of bleeding problems. In select patients, physicians determine that an alternative to blood thinners is needed to reduce AF stroke risk. Approximately 45% of patients who are eligible for warfarin are not being treated, due to tolerance or adherence issues. [2]  This applies particularly to the elderly, although studies have indicated that they can also benefit from anticoagulants. [3] Left atrial appendage closure is an implant-based alternative to blood thinners. Like blood thinning medications, an LAAC implant does not cure AF. A stroke can be due to factors not related to a clot traveling to the brain from the left atrium. Other causes of stroke can include high blood pressure and narrowing of the blood vessels to the brain. An LAAC implant will not prevent these other causes of stroke

17. BALLOON VALVULOPLASTY A valvuloplasty , also known as balloon valvuloplasty or balloon valvotomy , is a procedure to repair a heart valve that has a narrowed opening. In this valve condition, the valve flaps (leaflets) may become thick or stiff, and they may fuse together ( stenosis ). This causes the valve opening to be narrowed and results in reduced blood flow through the valve. A valvuloplasty may improve blood flow through the valve and improve your symptoms

18. tavi   TAVI , also called TAVR ( transcatheter aortic valve replacement), and it is a less invasive procedure that is designed to replace a diseased aortic valve. This procedure used to only be available for people who were too weak to undergo open heart surgery.

19. Ivc filter An  IVC filter  is a small device that is placed in your inferior  vena cava  to prevent blood clots from moving through your blood into your lungs 

20. pacemaker A  pacemaker  is a small electrical device, fitted in the chest or abdomen. It's used to treat some abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias) that can cause your heart to either beat too slowly or miss beats. Some pacemakers  can also help the chambers of your heart beat in time.

21. crt

22. crt Cardiac resynchronisation therapy  ( CRT ) is the insertion of  electrodes  in the left and right  the heart, as well as on occasion the right  atrium , to treat  heart failure  by coordinating the function of the left and right ventricles. [1] CRT is indicated in patients suffering from a low  ejection fraction  (typically <35%) indicating  heart failure , where electrical activity has been compromised, with prolonged  QRS  duration to >120  ms . [2] The insertion of electrodes into the ventricles is done under  local anesthetic , with access to the ventricles most commonly via the  subclavian vein , although access may be conferred from the  axillary  or  cephalic veins . Right ventricular access is direct, while left ventricular access is conferred via the  coronary sinus  (CS). CRT defibrillators (CRT-D) also incorporate the additional function of an  implantable cardioverter -defibrillator  (ICD), to quickly terminate an abnormally fast, life-threatening heart rhythm. CRT and CRT-D have become increasingly important therapeutic options for patients with moderate and severe heart failure. [3]

23. icd

24. icd An  implantable cardioverter - defibrillator  ( ICD ) or automated  implantable cardioverter defibrillator  (AICD) is a device implantable inside the body, able to perform cardioversion ,  defibrillation , and (in modern versions) pacing of the heart.

25. Pericardiocentesis , Pericardiocentesis , also called a pericardial tap, is an invasive procedure that involves using a needle and catheter to remove fluid (called a pericardial effusion) from the sac around the heart (the pericardium

26. nephrostomy A  nephrostomy  is an opening between the kidney and the skin. A  nephrostomy  tube is a thin plastic tube that is passed from the back, through the skin and then through the kidney, to the point where the urine collects. Its job is to temporarily drain the urine that is blocked.

27. ptbd PTBD  • A Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Drainage is a percutaneous therapeutic procedure which leads to the drainage of the obstructed bile duct system.

28. Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt Transjugular Intrahepatic Portosystemic Shunt or TIPS is a procedure that uses imaging guidance to connect the portal vein to the hepatic vein in the liver. A small metal device called a stent is placed to keep the connection open and allow it to bring blood draining from the bowel back to the heart while avoiding the liver. TIPS may successfully reduce internal bleeding in the stomach and esophagus in patients with cirrhosis.

29. Patients who typically need a TIPS have  portal hypertension , meaning they have increased pressure in the portal vein system. This pressure buildup can cause blood to flow backward from the liver into the veins of the spleen, stomach, lower esophagus , and intestines, causing enlarged vessels, bleeding and the accumulation of fluid in the chest or abdomen. This condition is most commonly seen in adults, often as a result of chronic liver problems leading to cirrhosis (scarring of the liver). Portal hypertension can also occur in children, although children are much less likely to require a TIPS.

30. A TIPS is used to treat the complications of portal hypertension, including: variceal bleeding , bleeding from any of the veins that normally drain the stomach, esophagus , or intestines into the liver. portal  gastropathy , an engorgement of the veins in the wall of the stomach, which can cause severe bleeding. severe  ascites  (the accumulation of fluid in the abdomen) and/or hydrothorax (in the chest). Budd- Chiari syndrome , a blockage in one or more veins that carry blood from the liver back to the heart.

31. Alcohol septal ablation Alcohol septal ablation  (ASA, TASH procedure) is a  percutaneous , minimally invasive treatment performed by an interventional cardiologist to relieve symptoms and improve functional status in severely symptomatic patients with  hypertrophic cardiomyopathy  (HCM) who meet strict clinical, anatomic and physiologic selection criteria. In carefully selected patients, when performed by an experienced interventional cardiologist, the procedure is successful in relieving symptoms in over 90% of patients. Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy  is a condition of the heart muscle which grows abnormally thick, in the absence of a physiologic cause such as  hypertension  (high blood pressure) or  aortic valve  disease. In a large subset of patients with hypertrophic obstructive cardiomyopathy , thickening of the heart muscle in a particular part of the  interventricular septum  causes obstruction to blood being ejected from the  left ventricle . Alcohol septal ablation is a technique designed to reduce the obstruction to blood being ejected from the heart. The technique creates a small controlled  heart attack , killing the area of heart muscle responsible for the obstruction, and eventually causing it to become less thick.

32. Mitral valve clipping A  mitral valve clip  is a procedure which repairs the mitral valve . ... The effect of this is to prevent or minimise the amount of  regurgitation  through the valve . This procedure is often recommended for patients who are too high risk for open- heart  surgery

33. Impella , lv assist device The  Impella  2.5 ®  heart  pump  pulls blood from the left ventricle through an inlet area near the tip and expels blood from the catheter into the ascending aorta impella  ( Abiomed , Danvers, MA) is a percutaneously inserted ventricular assist device  (VAD). It has been increasingly used in patients with severe heart failure, cardiogenic shock, and high-risk percutaneous intervention (PCI). 

34. Rotablator What is rotablation  for coronary artery stenosis ?  Rotablation  represents an addition to the standard PTCAprocedure . While a standard PTCA procedure is limited to the use of balloons and stents,  rotablation  also uses a tiny drill, powered by compressed air, to remove calcified deposits. A  procedure  called atherectomy is occasionally used to open up blocked arteries in the legs or even the coronary arteries in the heart. Atherectomy uses a catheter with various designs that can either remove or shave off plaque in your blood vessels and helps restore blood flow

35. ROTABLATOR Rotational Atherectomy  System diamond-tipped burr designed to immediately engage the lesion to facilitate safe ablation. ... Features the front-cutting, stable rotation of a diamond-tipped burr recognized by physicians as an optimal device to ablate calcium in coronary arteries.

36. Mechanical thrombectomy Mechanical thrombectomy  is a treatment for stroke that removes clots that block large blood vessels. Some patients may be candidates for this procedure using an angiogram or a catheterization and a device that grabs clots and removes them, to reestablish blood flow to the brain.

37. Aneurysm coiling Endovascular  coiling  is a minimally invasive technique, which means an incision in the skull is not required to treat the brain  aneurysm . Rather, a catheter is used to reach the  aneurysm  in the brain. During endovascular  coiling , a catheter is passed through the groin up into the artery containing the  aneurysm .

38. Embolization Embolization  involves the selective occlusion of blood vessels by purposely introducing emboli, in other words deliberately blocking a blood vessel.  Embolization  is used to treat a wide variety of conditions affecting different organs of the human body.

39. DJ stent DJ stent  is the short form for double “J'  stent . It is a small tube that is placed in the body from the Kidney to the Urinary bladder.

40. permcath A permacath  is a piece of plastic tubing - very similar to a jugular catheter - and is used in exactly the same way for your haemodialysis. The  permacath  has a cuff that holds the catheter in place and acts as a barrier to infection.